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  • .NET 3.5 新特性介绍

    1. 把Ajax extension集成到了Visual studio2008中;

    2. JS 智能感知;

    3. LINQ(Language Integrated Query

    我们程序就是在维护一些数据,按照一定的逻辑;

    所以:

    • 我们需要数据放在什么地方?
    • 以何种格式在存放?
    • 如何才能取得到数据?
    • 如何写数据?

    但是访问每种数据的都有自己的方法,如:ado.net访问RMDB, xml DOM访问xml文件。。。

    LINQ就是用来把这些不同的访问方式进行统一:一个一致的访问方式;

    • 到iteration的时候才进行取值,这样可以保证最新的结果集;

    //user the IEnumberable interface

    string[] array = {"wis","dd","aa","ad" };

    IEnumerable<string> res = from s in array where s.StartsWith("a") orderby s select s;

    foreach(string r in res)

    {

    Console.WriteLine(r);

    }

    //implicit to recieve the resut set

    Console.WriteLine("-----from var list--------");

    var res1 = from s in array where s.StartsWith("a") orderby s select s;

    foreach (string r in res1)

    {

    Console.WriteLine(r);

    }

    Console.WriteLine("-----from var list after change one element--------");

    //change the value in the array

    array[0] = "ass";

    //then do it again, you will see:

    foreach (string r in res1)

    {

    Console.WriteLine(r);

    }

    Console.ReadLine();

    • 也可以通过convert来得到及时的结果:

    //also you can conver the result set to get the immediate result

    Console.WriteLine("-----from immediate result--------");

    string[] resImme = (from s in array where s.StartsWith("a") orderby s select s).ToArray<string>();

    foreach (string r in resImme)

    {

    Console.WriteLine(r);

    }

    • 对于system.collections下的类因为没有实现IEnumberable,所以需要进行转换才可以使用LINQ:

    Console.WriteLine("***** LINQ over ArrayList *****\n");

    // Here is a nongeneric collection of cars.

    ArrayList myCars = new ArrayList() {

    new Car{ PetName = "Henry", Color = "Silver", Speed = 100, Make = "BMW"},

    new Car{ PetName = "Daisy", Color = "Tan", Speed = 90, Make = "BMW"},

    new Car{ PetName = "Mary", Color = "Black", Speed = 55, Make = "VW"},

    new Car{ PetName = "Clunker", Color = "Rust", Speed = 5, Make = "Yugo"},

    new Car{ PetName = "Melvin", Color = "White", Speed = 43, Make = "Ford"}

    };

    // Transform ArrayList into an IEnumerable<T>-compatible type.

    IEnumerable<Car> myCarsEnum = myCars.OfType<Car>();

    // Create a query expression.

    var fastCars = from c in myCarsEnum where c.Speed > 55 select c;

    foreach (var car in fastCars)

    {

    Console.WriteLine("{0} is going too fast!", car.PetName);

    }

    • 在编译的时候,IDE会把from, where 这些进行转换;
    • LINQ可以运用许多聚合函数计算count,累加,差异等;
    • 对于查询条件可以用delegate进行:

    Func<string, bool> searchFilter = new Func<string, bool>(Filter);

    Func<string, string> itemToProcess = new Func<string,string>(ProcessItem);

    // Pass the delegates into the methods of Enumerable.

    var subset = currentVideoGames

    .Where(searchFilter).OrderBy(itemToProcess).Select(itemToProcess);

    4. Var 隐式类型:

      • 仅仅是用于定义local variables.
      • 不能用于数据成员,参数,返回值;
      • 声明的时候必须赋值;
      • 不能传递NULL;
      • 不允许var?
      • 一般不会使用var来声明一个变量,一般都是用在LINQ上中;

    5. 自动的属性,可以在编译的时候,生成private data field;

    · public string PetName { get; set; }—right

    · public string PetName { get; }—wrong,必须get set同时,才可为自动的属性;

    · 2005可以书写如下:

    private string name;

    public string Name

    {

    get

    {

    return name;

    }

    protected set

    {

    name = value;

    }

    }

    · 2008中相当于:public string Name { protected set; get; }

    6. 扩展方法:可以为编译好的程序集动态的添加方法;

    · 必须是static类+static方法

    · 只有且有第一个参数必须用this

    static class TesterUtilClass

    {

    // Every Int32 now has a Foo() method...

    public static void Foo(this int i)

    { Console.WriteLine("{0} called the Foo() method.", i); }

    // ...which has been overloaded to take a string!

    public static void Foo(this int i, string msg)

    { Console.WriteLine("{0} called Foo() and told me: {1}", i, msg); }

    }

    · 可以通过实例来调用扩展方法,也可以通过静态类;

    Int A= 123;

    A.Foo();

    ----Static way--------

    TesterUtilClass.Foo(A);

    · 扩展方法的scope,要注意;

    · 其的命名空间,必须显示using。

    · 可以构建一个扩展方法的DLL,可以极大提高重用度;

    7. 扩展接口:

    · 扩展类必须实现接口的中方法:

    static class MathExtensions

    {

    // Extend IBasicMath this method and this

    // implementation.

    public static int Subtract(this IBasicMath itf,

    int x, int y)

    {

    return x - y;

    }

    }

    · 可以传入接口的实例,都可以调用这个扩展方法;

    8. 局部方法 局部类型

    · .net 2.0 局部类的作用大概一下:

    o 类的功能过于多,不方便放在一个cs文件中;

    o 多人同时写一个类;

    · 总之partial type的作用就是可以把代码分离开放在不用的位置;

    · .net 3.5中扩展了这个keyword,提供了局部的方法:

    · 可以在另一个文件中实现,类的方法;

    · 如果没有实现body,则不会被编译到程序中去;

    · Partial methods can only be defined within a partial class.

    · Partial methods must return void.

    · Partial methods can be static or instance level.

    · Partial methods can have arguments (including parameters modified by this, ref, or params—but not with the out modifier).

    · Partial methods are always implicitly private.

    9. 初始化:

    //call the default constructor implicitly

    · student s2 = new student { Name = "wisdom", Age = "23" };

    · //explicitly

    · student s = new student() {Name="wisdom", Age="23"};

    · student s2 = new student("Male") { Name = "wisdom", Age = "23" };

    · student.cs:

    public class student

    {

    public string Name

    {

    set;

    get;

    }

    public string Age

    {

    set;

    get;

    }

    public string Gender

    {

    set;

    get;

    }

    public student()

    {

    }

    public student(string Gender)

    {

    this.Gender = Gender;

    }

    }

    9.1 复合初始化:

    ClassRoom cr = new ClassRoom()

    {

    name = "c1"

    , students = new List<student>()

    , student = new student()

    {

    Gender="male", Name="dd"

    }

    };

    Class.cs 如下:

    ClassRoom cr = new ClassRoom()

    {

    name = "c1"

    ,

    students = new List<student>

    {

    new student{ Name="d"},

    new student{ Gender="male"}

    }

    ,

    student = new student()

    {

    Gender = "male",

    Name = "dd"

    }

    };

    10.匿名类型:

    //anonymous type

    var anonyType = new { Name="d", Gender="male" };

    Console.WriteLine(anonyType.Name,anonyType.Gender);

    当不需要重用这个类的时候,就可以使用匿名类,很方便;

    其他:

    · You don’t control the name of the anonymous type.

    · Anonymous types always extend System.Object.

    · The fields and properties of an anonymous type are always read-only.

    · Anonymous types cannot support events, custom methods, custom operators, or custom

    · overrides.

    · Anonymous types are always implicitly sealed.

    · Anonymous types are always created using the default constructor.

    匿名类可以嵌套:

    //nested anonymous type

    var anonyType = new { Name = "d", Gender = "male", sub = new {subName="sub"} };

    Console.WriteLine(anonyType.Name,anonyType.Gender,anonyType.sub.subName);

    11Lambda表达式

    最大用处:用来替代匿名的方法,和代理

    参数列表=>处理语句

    I=> console.writeline(i);

    WPF: Windows Presentation Foundation

    WPF 是用来设计Windows form程序的,基于Xaml,把UI和逻辑完全剥离开;

    WCF: Windows Communication Foundation

    .NET 3.0 = .NET 2.0 + WCF + WPF + WCS + WF

    作者来源:http://blog.csdn.net/wisdom521/archive/2008/08/18/2790866.aspx

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/siqing99/p/1959408.html
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