转载自文章 http://www.cnblogs.com/davidwang456/p/5074108.html
安装完hadoop后，在hadoop的bin目录下有一系列命令：
container-executor hadoop hadoop.cmd hdfs hdfs.cmd mapred mapred.cmd rcc test-container-executor yarn yarn.cmd
知道这些命令有助于理解hadoop的概念，命令如下：
1. hadoop 命令帮助
bin/hadoop -help
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
fs run a generic filesystem user client
version print the version
jar <jar> run a jar file
checknative [-a|-h] check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
classpath prints the class path needed to get the
credential interact with credential providers
Hadoop jar and the required libraries
daemonlog get/set the log level for each daemon
trace view and modify Hadoop tracing settings
or
CLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
1.1 hadoop fs命令帮助
bin/hadoop fs -help
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-checksum <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] [-h] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>]
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
[-expunge]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-touchz <path> ...]
[-usage [cmd ...]]
-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst> :
Appends the contents of all the given local files to the given dst file. The dst
file will be created if it does not exist. If <localSrc> is -, then the input is
read from stdin.
-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ... :
Fetch all files that match the file pattern <src> and display their content on
stdout.
-checksum <src> ... :
Dump checksum information for files that match the file pattern <src> to stdout.
Note that this requires a round-trip to a datanode storing each block of the
file, and thus is not efficient to run on a large number of files. The checksum
of a file depends on its content, block size and the checksum algorithm and
parameters used for creating the file.
-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH... :
This is equivalent to -chown ... :GROUP ...
-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH... :
Changes permissions of a file. This works similar to the shell's chmod command
with a few exceptions.
-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently
supported.
<MODE> Mode is the same as mode used for the shell's command. The only
letters recognized are 'rwxXt', e.g. +t,a+r,g-w,+rwx,o=r.
<OCTALMODE> Mode specifed in 3 or 4 digits. If 4 digits, the first may be 1 or
0 to turn the sticky bit on or off, respectively. Unlike the
shell command, it is not possible to specify only part of the
mode, e.g. 754 is same as u=rwx,g=rx,o=r.
If none of 'augo' is specified, 'a' is assumed and unlike the shell command, no
umask is applied.
-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH... :
Changes owner and group of a file. This is similar to the shell's chown command
with a few exceptions.
-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently
supported.
If only the owner or group is specified, then only the owner or group is
modified. The owner and group names may only consist of digits, alphabet, and
any of [-_./@a-zA-Z0-9]. The names are case sensitive.
WARNING: Avoid using '.' to separate user name and group though Linux allows it.
If user names have dots in them and you are using local file system, you might
see surprising results since the shell command 'chown' is used for local files.
-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst> :
Identical to the -put command.
-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst> :
Identical to the -get command.
-count [-q] [-h] <path> ... :
Count the number of directories, files and bytes under the paths
that match the specified file pattern. The output columns are:
DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME or
QUOTA REMAINING_QUOTA SPACE_QUOTA REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA
DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME
The -h option shows file sizes in human readable format.
-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst> :
Copy files that match the file pattern <src> to a destination. When copying
multiple files, the destination must be a directory. Passing -p preserves status
[topax] (timestamps, ownership, permission, ACLs, XAttr). If -p is specified
with no <arg>, then preserves timestamps, ownership, permission. If -pa is
specified, then preserves permission also because ACL is a super-set of
permission. Passing -f overwrites the destination if it already exists. raw
namespace extended attributes are preserved if (1) they are supported (HDFS
only) and, (2) all of the source and target pathnames are in the /.reserved/raw
hierarchy. raw namespace xattr preservation is determined solely by the presence
(or absence) of the /.reserved/raw prefix and not by the -p option.
-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>] :
Create a snapshot on a directory
-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName> :
Delete a snapshot from a directory
-df [-h] [<path> ...] :
Shows the capacity, free and used space of the filesystem. If the filesystem has
multiple partitions, and no path to a particular partition is specified, then
the status of the root partitions will be shown.
-h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number
of bytes.
-du [-s] [-h] <path> ... :
Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that match the specified
file pattern. The following flags are optional:
-s Rather than showing the size of each individual file that matches the
pattern, shows the total (summary) size.
-h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number
of bytes.
Note that, even without the -s option, this only shows size summaries one level
deep into a directory.
The output is in the form
size name(full path)
-expunge :
Empty the Trash
-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst> :
Copy files that match the file pattern <src> to the local name. <src> is kept.
When copying multiple files, the destination must be a directory. Passing -p
preserves access and modification times, ownership and the mode.
-getfacl [-R] <path> :
Displays the Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. If a
directory has a default ACL, then getfacl also displays the default ACL.
-R List the ACLs of all files and directories recursively.
<path> File or directory to list.
-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path> :
Displays the extended attribute names and values (if any) for a file or
directory.
-R Recursively list the attributes for all files and directories.
-n name Dump the named extended attribute value.
-d Dump all extended attribute values associated with pathname.
-e <encoding> Encode values after retrieving them.Valid encodings are "text",
"hex", and "base64". Values encoded as text strings are enclosed
in double quotes ("), and values encoded as hexadecimal and
base64 are prefixed with 0x and 0s, respectively.
<path> The file or directory.
-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst> :
Get all the files in the directories that match the source file pattern and
merge and sort them to only one file on local fs. <src> is kept.
-nl Add a newline character at the end of each file.
-help [cmd ...] :
Displays help for given command or all commands if none is specified.
-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...] :
List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is not
specified, the contents of /user/<currentUser> will be listed. Directory entries
are of the form:
permissions - userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes)
modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryName
and file entries are of the form:
permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes)
modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName
-d Directories are listed as plain files.
-h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number
of bytes.
-R Recursively list the contents of directories.
-mkdir [-p] <path> ... :
Create a directory in specified location.
-p Do not fail if the directory already exists
-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst> :
Same as -put, except that the source is deleted after it's copied.
-moveToLocal <src> <localdst> :
Not implemented yet
-mv <src> ... <dst> :
Move files that match the specified file pattern <src> to a destination <dst>.
When moving multiple files, the destination must be a directory.
-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst> :
Copy files from the local file system into fs. Copying fails if the file already
exists, unless the -f flag is given.
Flags:
-p Preserves access and modification times, ownership and the mode.
-f Overwrites the destination if it already exists.
-l Allow DataNode to lazily persist the file to disk. Forces
replication factor of 1. This flag will result in reduced
durability. Use with care.
-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName> :
Rename a snapshot from oldName to newName
-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ... :
Delete all files that match the specified file pattern. Equivalent to the Unix
command "rm <src>"
-skipTrash option bypasses trash, if enabled, and immediately deletes <src>
-f If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or
modify the exit status to reflect an error.
-[rR] Recursively deletes directories
-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ... :
Removes the directory entry specified by each directory argument, provided it is
empty.
-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>] :
Sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories.
Options:
-b Remove all but the base ACL entries. The entries for user, group
and others are retained for compatibility with permission bits.
-k Remove the default ACL.
-R Apply operations to all files and directories recursively.
-m Modify ACL. New entries are added to the ACL, and existing entries
are retained.
-x Remove specified ACL entries. Other ACL entries are retained.
--set Fully replace the ACL, discarding all existing entries. The
<acl_spec> must include entries for user, group, and others for
compatibility with permission bits.
<acl_spec> Comma separated list of ACL entries.
<path> File or directory to modify.
-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path> :
Sets an extended attribute name and value for a file or directory.
-n name The extended attribute name.
-v value The extended attribute value. There are three different encoding
methods for the value. If the argument is enclosed in double quotes,
then the value is the string inside the quotes. If the argument is
prefixed with 0x or 0X, then it is taken as a hexadecimal number. If
the argument begins with 0s or 0S, then it is taken as a base64
encoding.
-x name Remove the extended attribute.
<path> The file or directory.
-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ... :
Set the replication level of a file. If <path> is a directory then the command
recursively changes the replication factor of all files under the directory tree
rooted at <path>.
-w It requests that the command waits for the replication to complete. This
can potentially take a very long time.
-R It is accepted for backwards compatibility. It has no effect.
-stat [format] <path> ... :
Print statistics about the file/directory at <path> in the specified format.
Format accepts filesize in blocks (%b), group name of owner(%g), filename (%n),
block size (%o), replication (%r), user name of owner(%u), modification date
(%y, %Y)
-tail [-f] <file> :
Show the last 1KB of the file.
-f Shows appended data as the file grows.
-test -[defsz] <path> :
Answer various questions about <path>, with result via exit status.
-d return 0 if <path> is a directory.
-e return 0 if <path> exists.
-f return 0 if <path> is a file.
-s return 0 if file <path> is greater than zero bytes in size.
-z return 0 if file <path> is zero bytes in size, else return 1.
-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ... :
Takes a source file and outputs the file in text format.
The allowed formats are zip and TextRecordInputStream and Avro.
-touchz <path> ... :
Creates a file of zero length at <path> with current time as the timestamp of
that <path>. An error is returned if the file exists with non-zero length
-usage [cmd ...] :
Displays the usage for given command or all commands if none is specified.
Generic options supported are
-conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file
-D <property=value> use value for given property
-fs <local|namenode:port> specify a namenode
-jt <local|resourcemanager:port> specify a ResourceManager
-files <comma separated list of files> specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
-libjars <comma separated list of jars> specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.
-archives <comma separated list of archives> specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.
The general command line syntax is
bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
例如：查看dfs文件目录
bin/hadoop fs -ls /
2. hdfs命令帮助
bin/hdfs -help
Usage: hdfs [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
dfs run a filesystem command on the file systems supported in Hadoop.
namenode -format format the DFS filesystem
secondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenode
namenode run the DFS namenode
journalnode run the DFS journalnode
zkfc run the ZK Failover Controller daemon
datanode run a DFS datanode
dfsadmin run a DFS admin client
haadmin run a DFS HA admin client
fsck run a DFS filesystem checking utility
balancer run a cluster balancing utility
jmxget get JMX exported values from NameNode or DataNode.
mover run a utility to move block replicas across
storage types
oiv apply the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimage
oiv_legacy apply the offline fsimage viewer to an legacy fsimage
oev apply the offline edits viewer to an edits file
fetchdt fetch a delegation token from the NameNode
getconf get config values from configuration
groups get the groups which users belong to
snapshotDiff diff two snapshots of a directory or diff the
current directory contents with a snapshot
lsSnapshottableDir list all snapshottable dirs owned by the current user
Use -help to see options
portmap run a portmap service
nfs3 run an NFS version 3 gateway
cacheadmin configure the HDFS cache
crypto configure HDFS encryption zones
storagepolicies get all the existing block storage policies
version print the version
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
3. mapred命令帮助
bin/mapred -help
Usage: mapred [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
pipes run a Pipes job
job manipulate MapReduce jobs
queue get information regarding JobQueues
classpath prints the class path needed for running
mapreduce subcommands
historyserver run job history servers as a standalone daemon
distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
hsadmin job history server admin interface
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
4. yarn命令帮助
bin/yarn -help
Usage: yarn [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
resourcemanager -format-state-store deletes the RMStateStore
resourcemanager run the ResourceManager
nodemanager run a nodemanager on each slave
timelineserver run the timeline server
rmadmin admin tools
version print the version
jar <jar> run a jar file
application prints application(s)
report/kill application
applicationattempt prints applicationattempt(s)
report
container prints container(s) report
node prints node report(s)
queue prints queue information
logs dump container logs
classpath prints the class path needed to
get the Hadoop jar and the
required libraries
daemonlog get/set the log level for each
daemon
or
CLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME
Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.