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BufferedWriter 介绍
BufferedWriter 是缓冲字符输出流。它继承于Writer。
BufferedWriter 的作用是为其他字符输出流添加一些缓冲功能。
BufferedWriter 函数列表
// 构造函数 BufferedWriter(Writer out) BufferedWriter(Writer out, int sz) void close() // 关闭此流,但要先刷新它。 void flush() // 刷新该流的缓冲。 void newLine() // 写入一个行分隔符。 void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) // 写入字符数组的某一部分。 void write(int c) // 写入单个字符。 void write(String s, int off, int len) // 写入字符串的某一部分。
BufferedWriter 源码分析(基于jdk1.7.40)
1 package java.io; 2 3 public class BufferedWriter extends Writer { 4 5 // 输出流对象 6 private Writer out; 7 8 // 保存“缓冲输出流”数据的字符数组 9 private char cb[]; 10 11 // nChars 是cb缓冲区中字符的总的个数 12 // nextChar 是下一个要读取的字符在cb缓冲区中的位置 13 private int nChars, nextChar; 14 15 // 默认字符缓冲区大小 16 private static int defaultCharBufferSize = 8192; 17 18 // 行分割符 19 private String lineSeparator; 20 21 // 构造函数,传入“Writer对象”,默认缓冲区大小是8k 22 public BufferedWriter(Writer out) { 23 this(out, defaultCharBufferSize); 24 } 25 26 // 构造函数,传入“Writer对象”,指定缓冲区大小是sz 27 public BufferedWriter(Writer out, int sz) { 28 super(out); 29 if (sz <= 0) 30 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0"); 31 this.out = out; 32 cb = new char[sz]; 33 nChars = sz; 34 nextChar = 0; 35 36 lineSeparator = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( 37 new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction("line.separator")); 38 } 39 40 // 确保“BufferedWriter”是打开状态 41 private void ensureOpen() throws IOException { 42 if (out == null) 43 throw new IOException("Stream closed"); 44 } 45 46 // 对缓冲区执行flush()操作,将缓冲区的数据写入到Writer中 47 void flushBuffer() throws IOException { 48 synchronized (lock) { 49 ensureOpen(); 50 if (nextChar == 0) 51 return; 52 out.write(cb, 0, nextChar); 53 nextChar = 0; 54 } 55 } 56 57 // 将c写入到缓冲区中。先将c转换为char,然后将其写入到缓冲区。 58 public void write(int c) throws IOException { 59 synchronized (lock) { 60 ensureOpen(); 61 // 若缓冲区满了,则清空缓冲,将缓冲数据写入到输出流中。 62 if (nextChar >= nChars) 63 flushBuffer(); 64 cb[nextChar++] = (char) c; 65 } 66 } 67 68 // 返回a,b中较小的数 69 private int min(int a, int b) { 70 if (a < b) return a; 71 return b; 72 } 73 74 // 将字符数组cbuf写入到缓冲中,从cbuf的off位置开始写入,写入长度是len。 75 public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException { 76 synchronized (lock) { 77 ensureOpen(); 78 if ((off < 0) || (off > cbuf.length) || (len < 0) || 79 ((off + len) > cbuf.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) { 80 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); 81 } else if (len == 0) { 82 return; 83 } 84 85 if (len >= nChars) { 86 /* If the request length exceeds the size of the output buffer, 87 flush the buffer and then write the data directly. In this 88 way buffered streams will cascade harmlessly. */ 89 flushBuffer(); 90 out.write(cbuf, off, len); 91 return; 92 } 93 94 int b = off, t = off + len; 95 while (b < t) { 96 int d = min(nChars - nextChar, t - b); 97 System.arraycopy(cbuf, b, cb, nextChar, d); 98 b += d; 99 nextChar += d; 100 if (nextChar >= nChars) 101 flushBuffer(); 102 } 103 } 104 } 105 106 // 将字符串s写入到缓冲中,从s的off位置开始写入,写入长度是len。 107 public void write(String s, int off, int len) throws IOException { 108 synchronized (lock) { 109 ensureOpen(); 110 111 int b = off, t = off + len; 112 while (b < t) { 113 int d = min(nChars - nextChar, t - b); 114 s.getChars(b, b + d, cb, nextChar); 115 b += d; 116 nextChar += d; 117 if (nextChar >= nChars) 118 flushBuffer(); 119 } 120 } 121 } 122 123 // 将换行符写入到缓冲中 124 public void newLine() throws IOException { 125 write(lineSeparator); 126 } 127 128 // 清空缓冲区数据 129 public void flush() throws IOException { 130 synchronized (lock) { 131 flushBuffer(); 132 out.flush(); 133 } 134 } 135 136 public void close() throws IOException { 137 synchronized (lock) { 138 if (out == null) { 139 return; 140 } 141 try { 142 flushBuffer(); 143 } finally { 144 out.close(); 145 out = null; 146 cb = null; 147 } 148 } 149 } 150 }
说明: BufferedWriter的源码非常简单,这里就BufferedWriter的思想进行简单说明:BufferedWriter通过字符数组来缓冲数据,当缓冲区满或者用户调用flush()函数时,它就会将缓冲区的数据写入到输出流中。
示例代码
关于BufferedWriter中API的详细用法,参考示例代码(BufferedWriterTest.java):
1 import java.io.BufferedWriter; 2 import java.io.File; 3 import java.io.OutputStream; 4 import java.io.FileWriter; 5 import java.io.IOException; 6 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 7 import java.lang.SecurityException; 8 import java.util.Scanner; 9 10 /** 11 * BufferedWriter 测试程序 12 * 13 * @author skywang 14 */ 15 public class BufferedWriterTest { 16 17 private static final int LEN = 5; 18 // 对应英文字母“abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz” 19 //private static final char[] ArrayLetters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 20 private static final char[] ArrayLetters = new char[] {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'}; 21 22 public static void main(String[] args) { 23 testBufferedWriter() ; 24 } 25 26 /** 27 * BufferedWriter的API测试函数 28 */ 29 private static void testBufferedWriter() { 30 31 // 创建“文件输出流”对应的BufferedWriter 32 // 它对应缓冲区的大小是16,即缓冲区的数据>=16时,会自动将缓冲区的内容写入到输出流。 33 try { 34 File file = new File("bufferwriter.txt"); 35 BufferedWriter out = 36 new BufferedWriter( 37 new FileWriter(file)); 38 39 // 将ArrayLetters数组的前10个字符写入到输出流中 40 out.write(ArrayLetters, 0, 10); 41 // 将“换行符 ”写入到输出流中 42 out.write(' '); 43 44 out.flush(); 45 //readUserInput() ; 46 47 out.close(); 48 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 49 e.printStackTrace(); 50 } catch (SecurityException e) { 51 e.printStackTrace(); 52 } catch (IOException e) { 53 e.printStackTrace(); 54 } 55 } 56 57 /** 58 * 读取用户输入 59 */ 60 private static void readUserInput() { 61 System.out.println("please input a text:"); 62 Scanner reader=new Scanner(System.in); 63 // 等待一个输入 64 String str = reader.next(); 65 System.out.printf("the input is : %s ", str); 66 } 67 }
运行结果:
生成文件“bufferwriter.txt”,文件的内容是“abcdefghij”。