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  • 2019 牛客多校第9场 B Quadratic equation(二次剩余)

    题意:

    x + y = b(mod p)

    x * y = c(mod p)

    题目给出b,c ,p = 1e9 + 7,求解x y 要求(0xy<p),若没有可行解,输出-1 -1

    题解:

    x + y = b(mod p) 可得 (x + y) ^ 2 = (b * b)(mod p).  再可得 x ^ 2 - 2 * x * y + y ^ 2 = (b * b mod p - 4 * c mod p + p ) (mod p),即二次剩余求解

    考虑 x = y时 b ^ 2 - 4 * c  = 0的细节

    求出  |x - y|  的解为 X 或 p - X 的话,由于y >= x,所以 y - x = X 或 y - x = p - X,考虑x + y 为 b 和 p + b两种情况分别判断是否满足 0 <= x <= y < p 即可,不满足输出 -1 -1

    ps:金老板太厉害了,这种题目以后不可以陷到化简代换之中,应把握整体,构造恒等式求解

    #include<cstdio>
    
    using namespace std;
    const long long mod = 1e9 + 7;
    #define LL long long
    LL B,C;
    LL Pow(LL a,LL b,LL p) {
        LL res = 1;
        for (; b; a = 1LL * a * a % p, b >>= 1)
            if (b & 1) res = 1LL * a * res % p;
        return res;
    }
    
    bool Legendre(LL a,LL p) {
        return Pow(a, p - 1 >> 1, p) == 1;
    }
    bool check(LL b,LL x) {
        if ((b + x) % 2 == 1)
            return false;
        LL xx = (x + b) / 2;
        LL yy = (b - x) / 2;
        if (0 <= xx && xx < mod && 0 <= yy && yy < mod)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
    void modsqr(LL a,LL p) {
        LL x;
        LL i, k, b;
        if (p == 2) x = a % p;
        else if (p % 4 == 3) x = Pow(a, p + 1 >> 2, p);
        else {
            for (b = 1; Legendre(b, p); ++b);
            i = p - 1 >> 1;
            k = 0;
            do {
                i >>= 1;
                k >>= 1;
                if (!((1LL * Pow(a, i, p) * Pow(b, k, p) + 1) % p)) k += p - 1 >> 1;
            } while (!(i & 1));
            x = 1LL * Pow(a, i + 1 >> 1, p) * Pow(b, k >> 1, p) % p;
        }
        if (p - x < x) x = p - x;
        if (x == p - x) {
            if (check(B, x))
                printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B - x) / 2, (B + x) / 2);
            else if (check(B + p, x))
                printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B + p - x) / 2, 1LL * (B + p + x) / 2);
            else puts("-1 -1");
        } else {
            if (check(B, x)) printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B - x) / 2, (B + x) / 2);
            else if (check(B, p - x)) printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B - p + x) / 2, (B - x + p) / 2);
            else if (check(B + p, x)) printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B - x + p) / 2, (B + x + p) / 2);
            else if (check(B + p, p - x)) printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B + x) / 2, (B - x + 2 * p) / 2);
            else puts("-1 -1");
        }
    }
    
    int main() {
    
        int T;
        scanf("%d", &T);
        LL a;
        while (T--) {
            scanf("%lld %lld", &B, &C);
            a = (B * B % mod - 4LL * C % mod + mod);
            a %= mod;
            if (a == 0) {
                if (B % 2 == 0) printf("%lld %lld
    ", B / 2, B / 2);
                else printf("%lld %lld
    ", (B + mod) / 2, (B + mod) / 2);
                continue;
            }
            if (!Legendre(a, mod)) {
                puts("-1 -1");
                continue;
            }
            modsqr(a, mod);
        }
        return 0;
    }

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/smallhester/p/11363440.html
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