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  • oracle行转列和列转行

    目录[-]

    一、行转列

    1.1、初始测试数据

    表结构:TEST_TB_GRADE

    Sql代码:

    1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE 
    2 ( 
    3   ID        NUMBER(10) not null, 
    4   USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
    5   COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
    6   SCORE     FLOAT 
    7 )

    初始数据如下图:

      

    1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

      

    这就是最常见的行转列,主要原理是利用decode函数、聚集函数(sum),结合group by分组实现的,具体的sql如下:

    Sql代码:

    1 select t.user_name, 
    2   sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE, 
    3   sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH, 
    4   sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH 
    5 from test_tb_grade t 
    6 group by t.user_name 
    7 order by t.user_name

    1.3、延伸

    如果要实现对各门功课的不同分数段进行统计,效果图如下:

          

    具体的实现sql如下:
    Sql代码:

     1 select t2.SCORE_GP, 
     2   sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE, 
     3   sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH, 
     4   sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH 
     5 from ( 
     6   select t.course, 
     7          case when t.score  <60 then '00-60' 
     8               when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80' 
     9               when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP, 
    10          count(t.score) as COUNTNUM 
    11   FROM test_tb_grade t 
    12   group by t.course,  
    13         case when t.score  <60  then '00-60' 
    14               when t.score >=60 and t.score <80  then '60-80' 
    15               when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end 
    16   order by t.course ) t2 
    17 group by t2.SCORE_GP 
    18 order by t2.SCORE_GP

    二、列转行

    1.1、初始测试数据

    表结构: TEST_TB_GRADE2 
    Sql代码:  
    1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE2 
    2 ( 
    3   ID         NUMBER(10) not null, 
    4   USER_NAME  VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), 
    5   CN_SCORE   FLOAT, 
    6   MATH_SCORE FLOAT, 
    7   EN_SCORE   FLOAT 
    8 )

    初始数据如下图

    1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:

     

    这就是最常见的列转行,主要原理是利用SQL里面的union,具体的sql语句如下:
    Sql代码: 

    1 select user_name, 'CN_SCORE' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
    2 union 
    3 select user_name, 'MATH_SCORE' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
    4 union 
    5 select user_name, 'EN_SCORE' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2  
    6 order by user_name,COURSE

    也可以利用【insert all into ... select】来实现,首先需要先建一个表TEST_TB_GRADE3

    Sql代码:  
    1 create table TEST_TB_GRADE3   
    2 (  
    3       USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),   
    4       COURSE    VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),   
    5       SCORE     FLOAT   
    6 )
       
     再执行下面的sql: 
      Sql代码:  
    1 insert all 
    2 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE) 
    3 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE) 
    4 into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE) 
    5 select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2; 
    6 commit;

     
     别忘记commit操作,然后再查询TEST_TB_GRADE3,发现表中的数据就是列转成行了。
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/smallrock/p/3535419.html
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