Vue+Django REST framework 打造生鲜电商项目（学习笔记二）

2-2.User Models设计

  拆分功能模块，创建app，分别创建goods,trades,user_operations

startapp goods
startapp trades
startapp user_operations

将goods，trades，user_operations都移动到apps目录下。

修改Shop/apps/users/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

# Create your models here.
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户
    """
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="姓名")
    birthday = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="出生年月")
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male", u"男"), ("female", u"女")), default="female", verbose_name="性别")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="邮箱")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户"
        verbose_name_plural = "用户"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class VerifyCode(models.model):
    """
    短信验证码
    """
    code = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="验证码")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "短信验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = "短信验证码"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.code

Django中的class META详解

再修改Shop/Shop/settings.py，添加 AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

"""
Django settings for Shop project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

import sys
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '#b2zlpse4rsh$z1$7vivv6q04b$rq)@rh==hhrupcv*ayv3s%+'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.users.apps.UsersConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'Shop.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Shop.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    # 'default': {
    #     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #     'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    # }
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'shop',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'yxh1990',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'OPTIONS': {'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;'},
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

2-3.Goods的Model设计

Goods中的model主要包括：GoodsCategory（商品类别）、GoodsCategoryBrand（品牌名）、Goods（商品）、GoodsImage（商品轮播图）、Banner（轮播的商品）。

修改Shop/apps/goods/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField


# Create your models here.
class GoodsCategory(models.Model):
    """
    商品类别
    """
    CATEGORY_TYPE = (
        (1, "一级类目"),
        (2, "二级类目"),
        (3, "三级类目"),
    )
    name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别名", help_text="类别名")
    code = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别代码", help_text="类别代码")
    desc = models.CharField(default="", verbose_name="类别描述", help_text="类别描述")
    category_type = models.IntegerField(choices=CATEGORY_TYPE, verbose_name="类目级别", help_text="类目级别")
    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类别", help_text="父目录",
                                        related_name="sub_cat")
    is_tab = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否导航", help_text="是否导航")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "商品类别"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):
    """
    品牌名
    """
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, related_name='brands', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品类目")
    name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="品牌名", help_text="品牌名")
    desc = models.TextField(default="", max_length=200, verbose_name="品牌描述", help_text="品牌描述")
    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to="brands/")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "品牌"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = "goods_goodsbrand"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Goods(models.Model):
    """
    商品
    """
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, verbose_name="商品类目")
    goods_sn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="", verbose_name="商品唯一货号")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="商品名")
    click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="点击数")
    sold_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品销售量")
    fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="收藏数")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="库存数")
    market_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="市场价格")
    shop_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="本店价格")
    goods_brief = models.TextField(max_length=500, verbose_name="商品简短描述")
    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,
                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')
    ship_free = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="是否承担运费")
    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")
    is_new = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否新品")
    is_hot = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否热销")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsImage(models.Model):
    """
    商品轮播图
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)
    image_url = models.CharField(max_length=300, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="图片url")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品图片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name


class Banner(models.Model):
    """
    轮播的商品
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="轮播顺序")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '轮播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

其中引入了第三方富文本插件DjangoUeditor（from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField），将其放入Shop/extra_apps/目录下，并将其在Shop/Shop/settings.py文件中注册app（另外将其他的app也注册进去）

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.users.apps.UsersConfig',
    'DjangoUeditor',
    'users',
    'goods',
    'trade',
    'user_operation',
]

2-4.Trades的Model设计

 Trade的model主要包括：ShoppingCart（购物车）、OrderInfo（订单）、OrderGoods（订单的商品详情）。

修改Shop/apps/trade/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

from goods.models import Goods

User = get_user_model()


# Create your models here.
class ShoppingCart(models.Model):
    """
    购物车
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="购买数量")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '购物车'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)


class OrderInfo(models.Model):
    """
    订单
    """
    ORDER_STATUS = (
        ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"),
        ("TRADE_CLOSED", "超时关闭"),
        ("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易创建"),
        ("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易结束"),
        ("paying", "待支付"),
    )

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    order_sn = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True, verbose_name="订单号")
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=u"交易号")
    pay_status = models.CharField(choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30, verbose_name="订单状态")
    post_script = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="订单留言")
    order_mount = models.FloatField(default=0.0, verbose_name="订单金额")
    pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="支付时间")

    # 用户信息
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="收货地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    singer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="联系电话")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"订单"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order_sn)


class OrderGoods(models.Model):
    """
    订单的商品详情
    """
    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品数量")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "订单商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order.order_sn)

2-5.user_operation的Model设计

user_operation主要包括：UserFav（用户收藏）、UserLeavingMessage（用户留言）、UserAddress（用户收货地址）

修改Shop/apps/user_operation/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

from goods.models import Goods

User = get_user_model()
# Create your models here.
class UserFav(models.Model):
    """:
    用户收藏
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户收藏'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.name

class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):
    """
    用户留言
    """
    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (
        (1, "留言"),
        (2, "投诉"),
        (3, "询问"),
        (4, "售后"),
        (5, "求购")
    )
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",
                                      help_text=u"留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="主题")
    message = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="留言内容", help_text="留言内容")
    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户留言"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject

class UserAddress(models.Model):
    """
    用户收货地址
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户" )
    province = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="省份")
    city = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="城市")
    district = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="区域")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="详细地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    signer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="电话")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "收货地址"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.address

2-6.migrations原理及表生成

注意，生成表之前检查所有的app都已经在Shop中的settings.py文件中注册。

 运行makemigrations命令，提示错误：

 原因是settings.py中 INSTALLED_APPS配置了两次users，以下两种方式取其中一个即可：

 

 报错：“TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'”，因为django 升级到2.0之后,表与表之间关联的时候,必须要写on_delete参数,否则会报异常:

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/KreaWu/article/details/89400647

on_delete各个参数的含义如下：

on_delete=None,　　　　　　 　　　　# 删除关联表中的数据时,当前表与其关联的field的行为
on_delete=models.CASCADE, 　　 　   # 删除关联数据,与之关联也删除
on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, 　　 # 删除关联数据,什么也不做
on_delete=models.PROTECT, 　　　　 # 删除关联数据,引发错误ProtectedError
# models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, null=True)
on_delete=models.SET_NULL,　　　　 # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为null（前提FK字段需要设置为可空,一对一同理）
# models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, default='默认值')
on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT,　　 # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为默认值（前提FK字段需要设置默认值,一对一同理）
on_delete=models.SET, 　　　　　　   # 删除关联数据,
　　a. 与之关联的值设置为指定值,设置：models.SET(值)
　　b. 与之关联的值设置为可执行对象的返回值,设置：models.SET(可执行对象)

修改错误直到成功：

 再次运行命令migrate命令生成所有app对应的表，或者migrate appname命令，生成对应appname的表

 生成的数据库表：

如果修改model后，需要重新原型命令makemigrations，然后再执行命令migrate。

引入xadmin，期间运行Tools-Run manage.py Task遇到错误，是由于xadmin与django不兼容的情况，需修改相关文件，参考：

https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin（xadmin的github网址）

https://www.cnblogs.com/xingfuggz/p/10142388.html

https://blog.csdn.net/huanglianggu/article/details/84328301

直到没有报错为止，再次运行命令makemigrations和命令migrate。

创建超级用户：

manage.py@Shop > createsuperuser
"D:Program FilesJetBrainsPyCharm 2018.1.4in
unnerw.exe" E:PycharmProjectsEnvsVueShopScriptspython.exe "D:Program FilesJetBrainsPyCharm 2018.1.4helperspycharmdjango_manage.py" createsuperuser E:/PycharmProjects/Shop
Tracking file by folder pattern:  migrations
Username:  admin
邮箱:  yuanxihui@163.com
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password:  admin123
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password (again):  admin123
The password is too similar to the username.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: This password is too common.
 y
Superuser created successfully.

Process finished with exit code 0

 运行项目：

1.遇到错误：TypeError: login() got an unexpected keyword argument 'extra_context'

解决办法：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39418139/article/details/100554491

2.遇到错误：'Media' object has no attribute 'add_css'

解决方法：https://www.cnblogs.com/meticuloustodo/p/10368221.html

3.遇到错误：AttributeError: 'CharField' object has no attribute 'rel'

解决方法：https://blog.csdn.net/GoAheadNeverTurnBack/article/details/81433629

4.遇到错误：TypeError: render() got an unexpected keyword argument 'renderer'

解决方法：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongshine/article/details/88548348

注释掉  renderer=self.form.renderer

5.遇到错误：IndexError: list index out of range

解决方法：https://blog.csdn.net/yuhan963/article/details/79167743

源代码：

input_html = [ht for ht in super(AdminSplitDateTime, self).render(name, value, attrs).split('
') if ht != '']

修改为：

input_html = [ht for ht in super(AdminSplitDateTime, self).render(name, value, attrs).split('><') if ht != '']
input_html[0] = input_html[0] + "/>"
input_html[1] = "<" + input_html[1]

注意原博客input_html中是以“/<>”分割input_html的，但是打印发现我的input_html中input标签没有/>，故修改split('/<>')为split('<>')