4，spring MVC的视图
Controller得到模型数据之后，通过视图解析器生成视图，渲染发送给用户，用户就看到了结果。
视图：view接口，来个源码查看；它由视图解析器实例化，是无状态的，所以线程安全。
spring mvc提供是视图种类如图所示，根据需要选择合适的视图：
视图解析器：值提供一个把视图名称，结合本地化得到视图实例的方法；
spring mvc提供的具体视图解析器有，除去两个抽象的，一共有14个；用户可选择多个视图解析器，通过orderNo指定优先级，默认的ContenNegotiatingViewResolver优先级最高，InternalResourceViewResolver,XsltViewResolver优先级最低；
下面分别对常用的视图举例，记录配置和使用方法：
Jsp和JStL的配置和使用方法：
jsp页面的写法：这里用到了三个标签库，还有国际化信息：
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@taglib prefix="fm" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %> <%@taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %> <%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> <c:set var="ctx" value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}"/> <html> <head> <title>${title}</title> </head> <body> <h1>${title}</h1> <form:form modelAttribute="account" method="post" action="${ctx}/account/${action}"> <table width="100%" border="1px"> <thead> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </thead> <tr> <td><fm:message key="account.username"/> </td> <td> <form:errors path="userName" cssStyle="color: red;font: bolder;"/> <form:input path="userName" size="50" htmlEscape="true"/> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><spring:message code="account.password"/></td> <td> <form:errors path="password" cssStyle="color: red;font: bolder;"/> <form:password path="password" size="50" htmlEscape="true"/> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>昵称</td> <td> <form:errors path="nickName" cssStyle="color: red;font: bolder;"/> <form:input path="nickName" size="50" htmlEscape="true"/> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><fm:message key="account.birthday"/></td> <td> <form:errors path="birthday" cssStyle="color: red;font: bolder;"/> <form:input path="birthday" size="50" htmlEscape="true"/> </td> </tr> <%--<tr>--%> <%--<td>有效期</td>--%> <%--<td>--%> <%--<form:errors path="validateTime" cssStyle="color: red;font: bolder;"/>--%> <%--<form:input path="validateTime" size="50" htmlEscape="true"/>--%> <%--</td>--%> <%--</tr>--%> <tr> <td><input type="submit" value="注册"/></td> <td><input type="reset" value="重置"/></td> </tr> </table> </form:form> </body> </html>
关于spring提供的form标签，如果是列表选择，一般带一个隐藏的字段，字段名是选择标签的名称前面加个下划线，保证服务器表单对象和页面表单组件数据一致；
Freemarker模版视图：
首先看配置：
然后是使用了spring提供的宏的一个简单模版：
<#import "spring.ftl" as spring /> <html> <head> <title>${title}</title> </head> <body> <table width="100%" border="1px;"> <#list accountList as account> <tr> <td>${account_index}</td> <td>${account[0]}</td> <td>${account[1]}</td> <td>${account[2]}</td> </tr> </#list> </table> </body> </html>
pdf:配置方法：
生成的视图类：
package com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view; import com.google.common.base.Charsets; import com.lfc.sh.web.sp.util.AppConstant; import com.lowagie.text.Element; import com.lowagie.text.Font; import com.lowagie.text.Table; import com.lowagie.text.pdf.BaseFont; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.document.AbstractPdfView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.awt.*; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class UserListPdfView extends AbstractPdfView { @Override protected void buildPdfDocument(Map<String, Object> model, com.lowagie.text.Document document, com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter writer, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String fileName = new String("用户列表".getBytes(), Charsets.ISO_8859_1); response.setHeader(AppConstant.RESPONSE_HEADER, "inline;filename=" + fileName); Table table = new Table(5); table.setWidth(100); table.setBorder(1); table.getDefaultCell().setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER); table.getDefaultCell().setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE); Font font = new Font(BaseFont.createFont("STSongStd-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", false), 12, Font.BOLD, Color.BLACK); ModelAndView modelAndView= (ModelAndView) model.get("modelAndView"); List<Object[]> accountList = (List<Object[]>)modelAndView.getModel().get("accountList"); if(accountList!=null&&!accountList.isEmpty()) for (Object[] account : accountList) { table.addCell(account[0].toString()); table.addCell(account[3].toString()); table.addCell(account[4].toString()); table.addCell(account[2].toString()); table.addCell(account[1].toString()); } document.addTitle("用户列表"); document.add(table); } }
效果：
json:配置方式
controller的写法：
最终效果：
xls：配置方法：
<bean id="userListXls" class="com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view.UserListXlsView"></bean>
实现方法，引入poi；
package com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view; import com.google.common.base.Charsets; import com.lfc.sh.web.sp.util.AppConstant; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.document.AbstractExcelView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * Company: Copyright© 2009 www.7road.com All rights reserved. * com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view * Create Date: 13-11-19 下午12:14 * Note:一个xls的视图 */ public class UserListXlsView extends AbstractExcelView { @Override protected void buildExcelDocument(Map<String, Object> model, HSSFWorkbook workbook, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String fileName = new String("用户列表".getBytes(), Charsets.ISO_8859_1); response.setHeader(AppConstant.RESPONSE_HEADER, "inline;filename=" + fileName); HSSFSheet sheet=workbook.createSheet("用户列表"); HSSFRow head=sheet.createRow(0); head.createCell(0).setCellValue("编号"); head.createCell(1).setCellValue("密码"); head.createCell(2).setCellValue("昵称"); head.createCell(3).setCellValue("用户名"); head.createCell(4).setCellValue("生日"); List<Object[]> accountList= (List<Object[]>) model.get("accountList"); int rowNum=1; for(Object[] account:accountList) { HSSFRow row=sheet.createRow(rowNum); rowNum++; row.createCell(0).setCellValue(account[0].toString()); row.createCell(1).setCellValue(account[3].toString()); row.createCell(2).setCellValue(account[2].toString()); row.createCell(3).setCellValue(account[4].toString()); row.createCell(4).setCellValue(account[5].toString()); } } }
RessourceBoundleViewResolver,不同的地区用户提供不同类型的视图；
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ResourceBundleViewResolver">
<property name="basename" value="/i18n/views"/>
</bean>
/account/list.(class)=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver
内容协商视图：ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
配置方式：
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> </bean> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="/i18n/content"/> <property name="cacheSeconds" value="0"/> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> </bean> <!-- 定义无Controller的path<->view直接映射 --> <!--<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="redirect:/task"/>--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver"> <property name="order" value="3"/> </bean> <bean id="userListPdf" class="com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view.UserListPdfView"></bean> <bean id="userListJson" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView"> <property name="prettyPrint" value="true"/> <property name="renderedAttributes" value="accountList"/> </bean> <bean id="userListXls" class="com.lfc.sh.web.sp.view.UserListXlsView"></bean> <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ResourceBundleViewResolver">--> <!--<property name="basename" value="/i18n/views"/>--> <!--</bean>--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver"> <property name="order" value="0"/> <property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html"/> <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/> <property name="favorParameter" value="true"/> <property name="favorPathExtension" value="false"/> <property name="parameterName" value="content"/> <property name="mediaTypes"> <map> <entry key="html" value="text/html"/> <entry key="json" value="application/json"/> </map> </property> <property name="defaultViews"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView"></bean> </list> </property> </bean>
效果：
//todo
5，spring MVC的本地化解析，文件上传，静态资源处理，拦截器，异常处理等
6，小结