selenium find_element()详解

selenium有以下定位方式：

driver.find_element_by_id(‘id’)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('xpath')
driver.find_element_by_link_text('link_text')
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('partial_link_text')
driver.find_element_by_name('name')
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('tag_name')
driver.find_element_by_class_name('class_name')
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('css_selector')

但我们看下源码：
D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py
可以看到，上面那些定位方式，实际上都是调用的driver.find_element(by, value)

我们继续看下find_element()的源码，大部分方法最终全是通过By.CSS_SELECTOR来实现的查找

那By又都有哪些条件呢？

D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommony.py
继续看源码，可以看到下面8种
ID = "id"
XPATH = "xpath"
LINK_TEXT = "link text"
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
NAME = "name"
TAG_NAME = "tag name"
CLASS_NAME = "class name"
CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

所以我们以后就都只用find_element()就好了，因为最终实际上也都是调用的这个方法。
简单封装一下，以后就记住find_element()一个方法即可。

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from appium import webdriver

class BasePage(object):
    def split_locator(self, locator):
        """
        分解定位表达式，如'css,.username',拆分后返回'css selector'和定位表达式'.username'(class为username的元素)
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，如'css,.username'
        :return: locator_dict[by], value:返回定位方式和定位表达式
        """
        by = locator.split(',')[0]
        value = locator.split(',')[1]
        locator_dict = {
            'id': 'id',
            'name': 'name',
            'class': 'class name',
            'tag': 'tag name',
            'link': 'link text',
            'plink': 'partial link text',
            'xpath': 'xpath',
            'css': 'css selector',
        }
        if by not in locator_dict.keys():
            raise NameError("wrong locator!'id','name','class','tag','link','plink','xpath','css',exp:'id,username'")
        return locator_dict[by], value


    def wait_element(self, locator, sec=30):
        """
        等待元素出现
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如'css,.username'
        :param sec:等待秒数
        """
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, sec, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_element(by=by, value=value),message='element not found!!!')
            log.info(u'等待元素：%s' % locator)
        return True
        except TimeoutException:
            return False
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

    
    def get_element(self, locator, sec=60):
        """
        获取一个元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如'css,.username'
        :param sec:等待秒数
        :return: 元素可找到返回element对象，否则返回False
        """
        if self.wait_element(locator, sec):
            by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
            try:
                element = self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
                log.info(u'获取元素：%s' % locator)
                return element
            except Exception, e:
                raise e
        else:
            return False

    def get_elements(self, locator):
        """
        获取一组元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如'css,.username'
        :return: elements
        """
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 60, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_elements(by=by, value=value))
            log.info(u'获取元素列表：%s' % locator)
            return elements
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

以后调用，先定义元素，如
button = "id,su" # 页面上id为su的元素

在用例中查找时，只要写
find_element(button)

整体框架源码：
https://github.com/songzhenhua/selenium_ui_auto/blob/master/page_object/base_page.py

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