Sping Boot入门到实战之实战篇（一）：实现自定义Spring Boot Starter——阿里云消息队列服务Starter

　　在 Sping Boot入门到实战之入门篇（四）：Spring Boot自动化配置 这篇中，我们知道Spring Boot自动化配置的实现，主要由如下几部分完成：

1. @EnableAutoConfiguration注解
2. SpringApplication类
3. spring-boot-autoconfigure jar包
4. spring.factories文件

　　官方提供的starter，大多包含两个jar包： 一个starter——没有任何实现，只用来管理依赖（spring.providers文件声明），一个autoconfigure包——包含所有具体实现，包括自动配置类，及META-INF/spring.factories文件。自定义starter的时候，可以合并写到一个。

　　官方提供的starter，命名遵循spring-boot-starter-xx， 自定义starter，命名遵循xx-spring-boot-starter。

　　本文基于阿里云消息队列RocketMQ服务（https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/43349.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.3.2.Ui5KeU），实现一个自定义starter，以实现定时消息与延迟消息（如订单多久未支付自动关闭等）发送与接收功能的快速开发。源码地址： mq-spring-boot-starter

　　

　　1 创建mq-spring-boot-starter maven项目。pom.xml中引入依赖：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aliyun.openservices</groupId>
            <artifactId>ons-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.0.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

　　2 定义属性配置类。读取属性配置文件中以"aliyun.mq"开头的属性。

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "aliyun.mq")
public class MqPropertiesConfig {
    private String onsAddr;
    private String topic;
    private String accessKey;
    private String secretKey;
    private Properties producer;
    private Properties consumer;
    private String tagSuffix;

    setter/getter;
}

　　3 定义自动配置类。其中 @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "aliyun.mq.consumer",value = "enabled",havingValue = "true") 表示当配置的属性中，存在属性aliyun.mq.consumer.enabled，且值为true时，才实例化该Bean。因为某些应用，只需要生产者或消费者，可以通过这个属性来控制是否实例化对应Bean。

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MqPropertiesConfig.class)
public class MqAutoConfig {

    @Autowired
    private MqPropertiesConfig propConfig;

    @Bean(initMethod="start", destroyMethod = "shutdown")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "aliyun.mq.producer",value = "enabled",havingValue = "true")
    public MqTimerProducer mqTimerProducer(){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.ProducerId, propConfig.getProducer().getProperty("producerId"));
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.AccessKey, propConfig.getAccessKey());
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.SecretKey, propConfig.getSecretKey());
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.ONSAddr, propConfig.getOnsAddr());
        properties.setProperty("topic", propConfig.getTopic());
        return  new MqTimerProducer(properties);
    }

    @Bean(initMethod="start", destroyMethod = "shutdown")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "aliyun.mq.consumer",value = "enabled",havingValue = "true")
    public MqConsumer mqConsumer(){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.ConsumerId, propConfig.getConsumer().getProperty("consumerId"));
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.AccessKey, propConfig.getAccessKey());
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.SecretKey, propConfig.getSecretKey());
        properties.setProperty(PropertyKeyConst.ONSAddr, propConfig.getOnsAddr());
        properties.setProperty("topic", propConfig.getTopic());
        return  new MqConsumer(properties);
    }
}

　　

　　4. 定义生产者。send方法采用同步的方式将消息内容body，经过一定延迟delay后，发送到指定消息队列topic，且标签为tag（消费者可以根据tag过滤同一个topic的消息）。sendAsync则通过异步的方式发送消息，消息发送完成后，通过指定的回调SendCallback自定义处理。这里默认回调只是以日志进行记录。

public class MqTimerProducer {
    private final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MqTimerProducer.class);
    private Properties properties;
    private Producer producer;
    private String topic;

    public MqTimerProducer(Properties properties) {
        if (properties == null || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.ProducerId) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.AccessKey) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.SecretKey) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.ONSAddr) == null
                || properties.get("topic") == null) {
            throw new ONSClientException("producer properties not set properly.");
        }
        this.properties = properties;
        this.topic = properties.getProperty("topic");
    }

    public void start() {
        this.producer = ONSFactory.createProducer(this.properties);
        this.producer.start();
    }

    public void shutdown() {
        if (this.producer != null) {
            this.producer.shutdown();
        }
    }

    public void send(String tag, String body, long delay) {
        LOG.info("start to send message. [topic: {}, tag: {}, body: {}, delay: {}]", topic, tag, body, delay);
        if (topic == null || tag == null || body == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("topic, tag, or body is null.");
        }
        Message message = new Message(topic, tag, body.getBytes());
        message.setStartDeliverTime(System.currentTimeMillis() + delay);
        SendResult result = this.producer.send(message);
        LOG.info("send message success. ", result.toString());
    }


    public void sendAsync(String tag, String body, long delay) {
        this.sendAsync(tag, body, delay, new DefaultSendCallback());
    }

    public void sendAsync(String tag, String body, long delay, SendCallback sendCallback) {
        LOG.info("start to send message async. [topic: {}, tag: {}, body: {}, delay: {}]", topic, tag, body, delay);
        if (topic == null || tag == null || body == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("topic, tag, or body is null.");
        }
        Message message = new Message(topic, tag, body.getBytes());
        message.setStartDeliverTime(System.currentTimeMillis() + delay);
        this.producer.sendAsync(message, sendCallback);
    }

    setter/getter;
}

　　5 定义消费者。subscribe方法对指定topic的某些标签tags进行消息订阅，当有该topic下带有这些tags（满足其中一个即可）的消息到达时，交由messageListener处理。这里定义了一个抽象类AbstractMessageListener，通过模板方法将消息的处理逻辑统一（正常消费，commit；出现异常，重新消费），消费者只需要继承AbstractMessageListener，实现handle方法完成消息消费即可。

public class MqConsumer {

    private final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MqConsumer.class);
    private Properties properties;
    private Consumer consumer;
    private String topic;

    public MqConsumer(Properties properties) {
        if (properties == null || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.ConsumerId) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.AccessKey) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.SecretKey) == null
                || properties.get(PropertyKeyConst.ONSAddr) == null
                || properties.get("topic") == null) {
            throw new ONSClientException("consumer properties not set properly.");
        }
        this.properties = properties;
        this.topic = properties.getProperty("topic");
    }

    public void start() {
        this.consumer = ONSFactory.createConsumer(properties);
        this.consumer.start();
    }

    public void shutdown() {
        if (this.consumer != null) {
            this.consumer.shutdown();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param tags            多个tag用'||'拼接，所有用*
     * @param messageListener
     */
    public void subscribe(String tags, AbstractMessageListener messageListener) {
        LOG.info("subscribe [topic: {}, tags: {}, messageListener: {}]", topic, tags, messageListener.getClass().getCanonicalName());
        consumer.subscribe(topic, tags, messageListener);
    }
}

public abstract class AbstractMessageListener implements MessageListener {

    private final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractMessageListener.class);

    public abstract void handle(String body);

    @Override
    public Action consume(Message message, ConsumeContext context) {
        LOG.info("receive message. [topic: {}, tag: {}, body: {}, msgId: {}, startDeliverTime: {}]", message.getTopic(), message.getTag(), new String(message.getBody()), message.getMsgID(), message.getStartDeliverTime());
        try {
            handle(new String(message.getBody()));
            LOG.info("handle message success.");
            return Action.CommitMessage;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //消费失败
            LOG.warn("handle message fail, requeue it.", e);
            return Action.ReconsumeLater;
        }
    }
}

　　6 前面已完成了所有消息队列服务相关功能的代码实现，要使引用项目自动进行配置，还需定义META-INF/spring.factories文件，将自动配置类赋值给org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.ieyecloud.springboot.mq.config.MqAutoConfig

　　7 使用

　　7.1 pom.xml引入依赖，当前version：1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

<dependency>
     <groupId>com.ieyecloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>mq-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 </dependency>

　　7.2 application配置文件中添加相应配置

aliyun:
     mq:
         onsAddr: http://onsaddr-internet.aliyun.com/rocketmq/nsaddr4client-internet
         topic: mulin_topic_test
         accessKey: xxx
         secretKey: xxx
         producer:
             enabled: true  #为false表示不引入producer，为true则producerId必须提供
             producerId: xxx
         consumer:
             enabled: true  #为false表示不引入consumer，为true则consumerId必须提供
         consumerId: xxx

　　7.3 使用producer，consumer只需要在相应类中依需要注入对应实例

@Autowired
 private MqTimerProducer producer;

 @Autowired
 private MqConsumer consumer;

　　7.4 consumer监听处理类实现，继承AbstractMessageListener类，实现handle方法即可，如

 @Component
 public class QuestionStatusMessageListener extends AbstractMessageListener{

     @Autowired
     private QuickQuestionService questionService;

     @Override
     public void handle(String s) {
         QuestionStatusMessage message = JsonUtil.fromJson(s, QuestionStatusMessage.class);
         questionService.updateStatus(message.getQid(), message.getCs(), message.getTs());
     }
 }