MAA=RAC+RAC DG
数据库信息:
版本:11.2.0.4.0
软件:
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
补丁:p28429134_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
OPATCH:p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
OS:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 (Maipo)
一、环境
主库:
两个节点:
pdb1
pdb2
生产已经在运行4.5T 数据库
*.db_name='pdb'
*.db_unique_name='pdb'
pdb2.instance_number=2
pdb1.instance_number=1
DB STORAGE:ASM
ASM diskgroup for DB files:DATA
ASM Diskgroup for Archive Logs:ARCH
ORACLE_HOME for Grid:/u01/11.2.0/grid
ORACLE_HOME for Oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
备库:
两个节点:
pdb1
pdb2
*.db_name='pdb'
*.db_unique_name='pdg'
pdg2.instance_number=2
pdg1.instance_number=1
DB STORAGE:ASM
ASM diskgroup for DB files:DATA
ASM Diskgroup for Archive Logs:SAS_ARCH
ORACLE_HOME for Grid:/u01/11.2.0/grid
ORACLE_HOME for Oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
二、其他配置
2.1 Primary Site
双节点 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.4)已经安装配置完毕；
双节点 Oracel RAC Software (11.2.0.4)已经安装配置完毕；
数据库”PDB”已经创建于 ASM 上；
数据库运行于归档模式；
2.2 Standby Site
双节点 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.4)已经安装配置完毕；
双节点 Oracel RAC Software (11.2.0.4)已经安装配置完毕；
2.3 /etc/hosts 设置
#Standby
# public
1.3.1.70 pdg1
1.3.1.71 pdg2
# private
2.3.1.16 pdg1-priv
2.3.1.18 pdg2-priv
# vip
1.3.1.72 pdg1-vip
1.3.1.73 pdg2-vip
# scanip
1.3.1.75 scan-pdg
#PRIMARY
#public ip
1.3.1.51 pdb1
1.3.1.52 pdb2
#private ip
2.3.1.36 pdb1-priv
2.3.1.37 pdb2-priv
#virtual ip
1.3.1.53 pdb1-vip
1.3.1.54 pdb2-vip
#scan ip
1.3.1.55 scan-pdb
2.4 配置互信
分别在两个节点的Oracle和grid用户上执行：
su - oracle
mkdir ~/.ssh
chmod 755 ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
在一个节点1 上
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ./.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
在传到另一个节点
ssh pdg2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh pdg2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys pdg2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
在一个节点2 上
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ./.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
在传到另一个节点
ssh pdg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh pdg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys pdg1:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
---验证
ssh pdg1 date
ssh pdg2 date
ssh pdg1-priv date
ssh pdg2-priv date
三、准备 Primary RAC Database
3.1 打开 Force Logging
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
3.2 创建 Standby Redo 日志(SLRs)
10:36:36 SYS@pdb1(pdb1)> select MAX(BYTES/1024/1024/1024) g, count (1) from v$log;
G COUNT(1)
---------- ----------
2 4
10:36:44 SYS@posdb1(posdb1)> select thread#,bytes/1024/1024/1024 "SIZE(g)",members from v$log;
THREAD# SIZE(g) MEMBERS
---------- ---------- ----------
1 2 2
1 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
select member from v$logfile;
可以看出目前有两个节点，每个节点有两个日志组，每个日志组成员大小为 2g，每个日志组里都
有2个成员,每个成员1G。 下面给每个节点添加三个日志组：
alter system set standby_file_management=manual scope=both sid='*';
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby05a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby05b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby06a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby06b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby07a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby07b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby08a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby08b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 9 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby09a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby09b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 ('+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby10a.log','+DATA/pdb/onlinelog/standby10b.log') size 1G ;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';
select group#,thread#,status from v$standby_log;
3.3 修改参数
修改 Dataguard 相关的初始化参数，这里需要修改的有如下参数：
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdb
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(pdb,pdg)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=+ARCH VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=pdg ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdg'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
--REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=pdb_%t_%s_%r.arc
--LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=10
FAL_SERVER=pdg
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA','+DATA'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT= '+DATA','+DATA'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
---命令行
select force_logging from v$database; --查询是否开启
alter database force logging;--开启强制记录日志
alter database archivelog;--开启归档
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;--手动
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+ARCH valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=pdb' scope=spfile;--开启本地归档
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdg LGWR NOASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=pdg' scope=spfile;--开启远程归档
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(pdb,pdg)';--开启DG功能
alter system set fal_client='pdb';--指定源端
alter system set fal_server='pdg';--指定目标端
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;--启动应用,可以先暂时:DEFER 等 搭建完成在enable;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;--启动应用
alter system set log_archive_format='pdb%t_%s_%r.dbf' scope=spfile;--指定归档文件形式
--源端---先写备端地址，在写源端地址
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdg/DATAFILE','+DATA/pdb/DATAFILE' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdg/DATAFILE','+DATA/pdb/DATAFILE' scope=spfile;
--ARCH 方式
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=pdg ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdg' scope=spfile sid='*';
为使修改生效，重启 Primary Database:
srvctl stop database -d pdb
srvctl start database -d pdb
重启完后，可通过下面语句查看修改地方：
set linesize 500 pages 0
col value for a90
col name for a50
select name, value
from v$parameter
where name in ('db_name',
'db_unique_name',
'log_archive_config',
'log_archive_dest_1',
'log_archive_dest_2',
'log_archive_dest_state_1',
'log_archive_dest_state_2',
'remote_login_passwordfile',
'log_archive_format',
'log_archive_max_processes',
'fal_server',
'db_file_name_convert',
'log_file_name_convert',
'standby_file_management');
3.4 备份数据
如果是生产环境，配置之前先进性全备份，在采用 DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STAND
BY NOFILENAMECHECK;方式进行 RMAN 复制的时候也会用到备份，但 Oracle 从 11g 开始， DUP
LICATE 复制功能有所增强，可以实现在线的复制。----此次使用的ADG 方式；在线复制！
如需备份，方法：
创建备份路径
[oracle@pdb1 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/rman
[oracle@pdb1 ~]$ rman target /
run{
backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/rman/full_%d%t%s%p' tag 'fullbackup';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u01/app/oracle/rman/%d_arch_%s_%p_%h' ARCHIVELOG ALL;
backup format '/u01/app/oracle/rman/control_%d' current controlfile for standby;
}
3.5 创建 Standby 数据库的 Pfile
create pfile='/home/oracle/initpdg.ora' from spfile;
--参数文件内容
*._gc_policy_time=0
*._gc_undo_affinity=FALSE
*._optim_peek_user_binds=FALSE
*._serial_direct_read='NEVER'
*._undo_autotune=FALSE
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/pdb/adump'
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/pdb/controlfile/control01.ctl','+DATA/pdb/controlfile/control02.ctl','+DATA/pdb/controlfile/control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdg/DATAFILE','+DATA/pdb/DATAFILE'
*.db_files=4096
*.db_name='pdb'
*.deferred_segment_creation=FALSE
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=posdbXDB)'
*.enable_ddl_logging=TRUE
*.enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE
*.fal_client='pdb'
*.fal_server='pdg'
pdb2.instance_number=2
pdb1.instance_number=1
*.job_queue_processes=1
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(pdb,pdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+ARCH valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=pdb'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=pdg lgwr async NOAFFIRM valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=pdg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
*.log_archive_format='pdb_%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdg/ONLINELOG','+DATA/pdb/ONLINELOG'
*.open_cursors=1000
*.pga_aggregate_target=85899345920
*.processes=5000
*.recyclebin='OFF'
*.remote_listener='scan-pdb:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.result_cache_max_size=0
*.session_cached_cursors=100
*.sessions=7552
*.sga_max_size=270g
*.sga_target=270g
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
pdb2.thread=2
pdb1.thread=1
*.undo_retention=7200
pdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
pdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
3.6 更新 tnsnames.ora
修改 Primary 和 Standby 的 TNSNAMES.ORA
On Primary Node1 and Node2:
使用 oracle 用户
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
$ vi tnsnames.ora
pdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan-pdb)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdb)
)
)
pdb1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdb)
(SID = pdb1)
)
)
pdb2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.54)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdb)
(SID = pdb2)
)
)
#Standby
pdg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.75)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
)
)
pdg1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.72)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
(SID = pdg1)
)
)
pdg2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.73)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
(SID = pdg2)
)
)
On Standby Node1 and Node2 with oracle user:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
$ vi tnsnames.ora
pdg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan-pdg)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
)
)
pdg1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.72)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
(SID = pdg1)
)
)
pdg2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.73)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
(SID = pdg2)
)
)
pdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan-pdb)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdb)
)
)
PRIMARY 服务名务必要添加 pdb，否则启动 MRP(Managed Recovery Process)的时
候日志里报如下错误：
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
FAL[client, MRP0]: Error 12154 connecting to maa for fetching gap sequence
关于 FAIL_CLIENT 和 FAIL_SERVER 的信息：
FAL_CLIENT = Oracle_Net_service_name Required if the FAL_SERVER parameter is specified.
Specifies the Oracle Net service name used by the FAL server (typically the primary database) to refer to the FAL client (standby database).
FAL_SERVER = Oracle_Net_service_name
Required if the FAL_CLIENT parameter is specified. Specifies one or more Oracle Net service names for the databases
from which this standby database can fetch (request) missing archived redo log files.
很显然，两个参数值都需指定网络服务名，并非是 DB Unique Name。
四、准备 Standby RAC Database
4.1 复制参数文件
把从 Primary Database 备份出来的参数文件拷贝到 Standby Database 上，选择一个节点即可。
On Primary:
[oracle@pdb1 oracle]$ scp initpdg.ora pdg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
4.2 复制密码文件
配置 DataGuard 需要两边数据库密码保持一致，把 Primary Database 的密码文件分别拷贝到 Sta
ndby Database 两个节点即可。
On Primary:
[oracle@pdb1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@pdb1 dbs]$ scp orapwpdb1 pdg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwpdg1
[oracle@pdb1 dbs]$ scp orapwpdb1 pdg2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwpdg2
如果你是拿 root 用户去操作了，那拷贝之后还需赋相应的权限。拷贝完后修改 Standby 第二节点
的密码文件名。
On Standby Node2:
[oracle@pdg2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@pdg2 dbs]$ mv orapwpdb1 orapwpdg2
4.3 创建相关目录
需要创建目录结构
On Standby Node1:
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/pdg/adump
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/admin/pdg/adump
On Standby Node2:
[oracle@pdg2 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/pdg/adump
[oracle@pdg2 ~]$ chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/admin/pdg/adump
4.4 修改参数文件
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@pdg1 dbs]$ cat initpdg.ora
*._gc_policy_time=0
*._gc_undo_affinity=FALSE
*._optim_peek_user_binds=FALSE
*._serial_direct_read='NEVER'
*._undo_autotune=FALSE
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/pdg/adump' ---修改成备库目录
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/pdg/controlfile/control01.ctl','+DATA/pdg/controlfile/control02.ctl','+DATA/pdg/controlfile/control03.ctl' ---修改成备库目录
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA' ---修改成备库目录
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdb/DATAFILE','+DATA/pdg/DATAFILE' -----修改成先主库，后备库
*.db_files=4096
*.db_name='pdb'
*.db_unique_name='pdg' ---添加备库 db_unique_name
*.deferred_segment_creation=FALSE
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=posdbXDB)'
*.enable_ddl_logging=TRUE
*.enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE
*.fal_client='pdg' ---改成备库
*.fal_server='pdb' ---改成主库
pdg2.instance_number=2 --改成现在备库instance 信息
pdg1.instance_number=1 --改成现在备库instance 信息
*.job_queue_processes=1
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(pdb,pdg)' ---跟主库一致就行
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+SAS_ARCH valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=pdg' ---改成备库
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=pdb lgwr async NOAFFIRM valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=pdb' ---改成主库
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
*.log_archive_format='pdg_%t_%s_%r.arc' ---改成备库归档模式
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/pdb/ONLINELOG','+DATA/pdg/ONLINELOG' -----修改成先主库，后备库
*.open_cursors=1000
*.remote_listener='scan-pdg:1521' --改成备库 SCAN
*.pga_aggregate_target=85899345920
*.processes=5000
*.recyclebin='OFF'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.result_cache_max_size=0
*.session_cached_cursors=100
*.sessions=7552
*.sga_max_size=270g
*.sga_target=270g
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
pdg2.thread=2 --改成现在备库instance 信息
pdg1.thread=1 --改成现在备库instance 信息
*.undo_retention=7200
pdg1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' --改成现在备库instance 信息
pdg2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' --改成现在备库instance 信息
4.5 创建 ASM 路径
通过 grid 用户进入到 asmcmd，在 DATA 磁盘组下创建 standby 目录。
[root@pdg1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@pdg1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> mkdir DATA/pdg
ASMCMD>cd DATA/pdg
mkdir ONLINELOG
mkdir CONTROLFILE
mkdir DATAFILE
mkdir TEMPFILE
五、创建 Physical Standby Database
5.1 使用修改好的参数 Standby 实例启动到 NOMOUNT 状态
连接到 oracle 用户，使用上面已修改好的参数文件将 Standby 实例启动到 NOMOUNT。
On Standby Node1(仅在第一个节点操作):
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
pdg1
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpdg.ora'
5.2 RMAN DUPLICATE 复制数据库
为使用在线方式的 RMAN DUPLICATE 技术，先配置监听，添加静态服务名。
Oracle 11g R2 开始， 只要是高可用架构，比如 oracle restart,oracle rac 等，监听器的创建和管
理都是拿 grid 用户来完成。
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ cp listener.ora listener.ora_bak0823
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ cp endpoints_listener.ora endpoints_listener.ora_bak0823
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdg)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = pdg1)
)
)
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ srvctl stop listener -n pdg1
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ srvctl start listener -n pdg1
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ lsnrctl status
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ lsnrctl status
Service "pdg" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "pdg1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "pdg1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
--操作过程
[grid@pdg1 ~]$ lsnrctl tatus
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 23-AUG-2019 14:46:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
NL-00853: undefined command "tatus". Try "help"
[grid@pdg1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 23-AUG-2019 14:46:21
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 23-AUG-2019 14:22:53
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 23 min. 27 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/pdg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=1.3.1.70)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=1.3.1.72)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@pdg1 ~]$
[grid@pdg1 ~]$
[grid@pdg1 ~]$ cd /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ ls
endpoints_listener.ora listener19082311AM0203.bak listener.ora listener.ora.bak.pdg1 samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ ll -thr
total 24K
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 835 Sep 19 2018 shrept.lst
drwxr-xr-x 2 grid oinstall 61 Aug 23 10:24 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 184 Aug 23 10:43 listener.ora.bak.pdg1
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 184 Aug 23 11:02 listener19082311AM0203.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 212 Aug 23 11:02 sqlnet.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 350 Aug 23 11:02 listener.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 184 Aug 23 11:02 endpoints_listener.ora
[grid@pdg1 admin]$
[grid@pdg1 admin]$
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ cp listener.ora listener.ora_bak0823
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ vi listener.ora
[grid@pdg1 admin]$
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ srvctl stop listener -n pdg1
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ srvctl start listener -n pdg1
[grid@pdg1 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 23-AUG-2019 15:48:18
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 23-AUG-2019 14:47:31
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/pdg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=1.3.1.70)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=1.3.1.72)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdg" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "pdg1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "pdg1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@pdg1 admin]$
在 Primary Site tnsnames.ora 中加入
On Primary Node1:
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@pdg1 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
添加如下内容
pdg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.75)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdg)
)
)
[oracle@pdg1 admin]$ tnsping pdg 3
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.3.1.75)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdg)))
OK (10 msec)
OK (0 msec)
OK (0 msec)
在进行 RMAN DUPLICATE 操作之前，我们还要修改 oracle 二进制命令的权限。 参考下面一段：
[root@pdg1 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 239826136 Aug 23 14:41 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg1 soft]# chown oracle:asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg1 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239826136 Aug 23 14:41 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg1 soft]# chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg1 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239826136 Aug 23 14:41 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg1 soft]#
[root@pdg2 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 239826136 Aug 23 14:42 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg2 soft]# chown oracle:asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg2 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239826136 Aug 23 14:42 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg2 soft]# chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg2 soft]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 239826136 Aug 23 14:42 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
[root@pdg2 soft]#
released channel: ch05
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/26/2019 13:08:42
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ch01 channel at 08/26/2019 13:08:42
ORA-17628: Oracle error 19505 returned by remote Oracle server
---改完权限最好重启一下 crs 两个节点上
/etc/init.d/ohasd stop
/etc/init.d/ohasd start
--如果不重启可能会报如下错
[oracle@pdb1 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb auxiliary sys/oracle@1.3.1.71/pdg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 26 13:10:13 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: pdb (DBID=161385843)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12537: TNS:connection closed
---即便已经是 静态注册;---怀疑此次报错的原因是 通过 OPATCH 打完 补丁 没有重启集群导致的
oracle@pdb1 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb auxiliary sys/oracle@pdg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Aug 23 15:57:54 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: pdb (DBID=161385843)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
[oracle@pdb1 admin]$
造成这个问题的原因是，实例虽然启动，但是没有注册到监听。实例是通过PMON进程注册到监听上的，而PMON进程需要在MOUNT状态下才会启动。因此造成了上面的错误。
Oracle给出了两种解决方案，一种方法是对AUXILIARY数据库直接使用/，对TARGET数据库通过网络访问。
5.3 RMAN DUPLICATE 开始复制数据库
rman target sys/oracle@pdb auxiliary sys/oracle@pdg
screen -S dup ---开始录屏，名字 dup
screen -list --查询正在进行的录屏
screen -r dup --调出正在进行的录屏
---screen -S dup ---后台录屏
run{
allocate channel ch01 type disk rate 50M;
allocate channel ch02 type disk rate 50M;
allocate channel ch03 type disk rate 50M;
allocate channel ch04 type disk rate 50M;
allocate auxiliary channel ch05 type disk;
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;
release channel ch01;
release channel ch02;
release channel ch03;
release channel ch04;
release channel ch05;
}
--duplicate target database for standby from active database DORECOVER;
screen -list --查询正在录屏
screen -r dup --调出录屏
5.4 启动 Managed Recovery Process
在 RMAN DUPLICATE 操作进行过程中， Standby Database 自动切换到 MOUNT 模式
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
我们启动 Managed Recovery Process 来应用日志， Oracle 11g R2 开始，物理 standby 在打开的
状态下也可以应用日至，称为 acitve dataguard。
On Standby Node1:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
测试应用日志过程，我们手动切换 Primary Site 的日志，并观察日志：
On Primary:
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
可执行下面脚本查看一些应用日志相关信息：
select * from v$archive_gap;
select process, client_process, sequence#, status from v$managed_standby;
select sequence#, first_time, next_time, applied from v$archived_log;
select archived_thread#, archived_seq#, applied_thread#, applied_seq# from v$archive_dest_status;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$log_history group by thread#;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$archived_log where APPLIED='YES' group by thread#;
5.5 创建 spfile 并使用 spfile 启动 RAC Database
我们在上面是通过 Pfile 启动的实例，我们需要创建 spfile，并使用它来启动 RAC 实例。
On Standby Node1 or Node2(其中一个节点上操作) with oracle user:
SQL> create spfile='+DATA/pdg/parameterfile/spfilepdg.ora' from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpdg.ora';
On Standby Node1 or Node2(其中一个节点上操作) with grid user:
ASMCMD> ls -l +DATA/pdg/parameterfile
然后将 spfile 路径分别添加到 Standby 节点的 init.ora 里，操作如下：
On Standby Node1:
[oracle@pdg1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@pdg1 dbs]$ cat initpdg1.ora
spfile='+DATA/pdg/parameterfile/spfilepdg.ora'
On Standby Node2:
[oracle@pdg2 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@pdg2 dbs]$ cat initpdg2.ora
spfile='+DATA/pdg/parameterfile/spfilepdg.ora
5.6 Standby Database 注册到 OCR 里---这步骤，没操作
添加 Standby Database 和实例到 OCR 中，好让 Clusterware 可以管理资源。
On Standby Node1 or Node2(其中一个节点上操作):
[oracle@standby1 ~]$ srvctl add database -d pdg -n pdg -o $ORACLE_HOME -m luocs.com -p +DATA/pdg/parameterfile/spfilepdg.ora -r physical_standby -a DATA
参考：
Usage: srvctl add database -d <db_unique_name> -o <oracle_home> [-c {RACONENODE
| RAC | SINGLE} [-e <server_list>] [-i <inst_name>] [-w <timeout>]] [-m <domain_na
me>] [-p <spfile>] [-r {PRIMARY | PHYSICAL_STANDBY | LOGICAL_STANDBY | SNAPSH
OT_STANDBY}] [-s <start_options>] [-t <stop_options>] [-n <db_name>] [-y {AUTOMAT
IC | MANUAL | NORESTART}] [-g "<serverpool_list>"] [-x <node_name>] [-a "<diskgrou
p_list>"] [-j "<acfs_path_list>"]
添加实例
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d pdg -i pdg1 -n pdg1
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d pdg -i pdg2 -n pdg2
查看配置
[oracle@pdg1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d pdg
Database unique name: pdg
Database name: maa
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/pdg/parameterfile/spfilepdg.ora
Domain: luocs.com
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PHYSICAL_STANDBY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: standby
Database instances: pdg1,pdg2
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths:
Services:
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed
5.7 启动 Active Dataguard.
重启动 Standby Database
On Standby Node1:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
[oracle@standby1 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -d pdg -i pdg1
[oracle@standby1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d pdg
查看 Standby Database 启动状态：
SQL> set line 120
SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
------------------ -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
PDG PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY
PDG PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY
启动 Managed Recovery Process
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
简单进行测试
On Primary:
SQL> create tablespace L datafile size 50M;
SQL> grant resource,connect to L identified by oracle;
SQL> alter user l default tablespace L;
SQL> create table l.test as select object_id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum<= 500;
On Standby:
SQL> select count(*) from l.test;
COUNT(*)
----------
500