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  • 详谈再论JAVA获取本机IP地址

    首先,你如果搜索“JAVA获取本机IP地址”,基本上搜到的资料全是无用的。
    比如这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
    实际上的代码在复杂环境下是不准的


    网上一个比较普遍的说法是InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
    似乎很简单,但忽略了一个问题,即IP地址在现在的网络环境更加复杂了,比如有Lan,WIFI,蓝牙热点,虚拟机网卡...
    即存在很多的网络接口(network interfaces),每个网络接口就包含一个IP地址,并不是所有的IP地址能被外部或局域网访问,比如说虚拟机网卡地址等等。
    也就是说InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()的IP不一定是正确的IP。

    写代码前,先明确一些规则:

    • 127.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于"loopback" 地址,即只能你自己的本机可见,就是本机地址,比较常见的有127.0.0.1;
    • 192.168.xxx.xxx 属于private 私有地址(site local address),属于本地组织内部访问,只能在本地局域网可见。同样10.xxx.xxx.xxx、从172.16.xxx.xxx 到 172.31.xxx.xxx都是私有地址,也是属于组织内部访问;
    • 169.254.xxx.xxx 属于连接本地地址(link local IP),在单独网段可用
    • 从224.xxx.xxx.xxx 到 239.xxx.xxx.xxx 属于组播地址
    • 比较特殊的255.255.255.255 属于广播地址
    • 除此之外的地址就是点对点的可用的公开IPv4地址

    获取本机IP地址的正确姿势:

    package ipTest;
    
    import java.net.Inet4Address;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.NetworkInterface;
    import java.net.SocketException;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    public class Test {
    
        public Test() {
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            InetAddress ip;
            try {
                // 这种IP容易拿错
                // System.out.println("Current IP address : " +
                // InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());
                // 不一定准确的IP拿法
                // 出自比如这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
                System.out.println("get LocalHost Address : " + getLocalHostAddress().getHostAddress());
    
                // 正确的IP拿法
                System.out.println("get LocalHost LAN Address : " + getLocalHostLANAddress().getHostAddress());
    
    
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
    
                e.printStackTrace();
    
            }
        }
    
        // 正确的IP拿法,即优先拿site-local地址
        private static InetAddress getLocalHostLANAddress() throws UnknownHostException {
            try {
                InetAddress candidateAddress = null;
                // 遍历所有的网络接口
                for (Enumeration ifaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces(); ifaces.hasMoreElements();) {
                    NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface) ifaces.nextElement();
                    // 在所有的接口下再遍历IP
                    for (Enumeration inetAddrs = iface.getInetAddresses(); inetAddrs.hasMoreElements();) {
                        InetAddress inetAddr = (InetAddress) inetAddrs.nextElement();
                        if (!inetAddr.isLoopbackAddress()) {// 排除loopback类型地址
                            if (inetAddr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
                                // 如果是site-local地址,就是它了
                                return inetAddr;
                            } else if (candidateAddress == null) {
                                // site-local类型的地址未被发现,先记录候选地址
                                candidateAddress = inetAddr;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (candidateAddress != null) {
                    return candidateAddress;
                }
                // 如果没有发现 non-loopback地址.只能用最次选的方案
                InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
                if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {
                    throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");
                }
                return jdkSuppliedAddress;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                UnknownHostException unknownHostException = new UnknownHostException(
                        "Failed to determine LAN address: " + e);
                unknownHostException.initCause(e);
                throw unknownHostException;
            }
        }
    
        //出自这篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
        //实际上的代码是不准的
        private static InetAddress getLocalHostAddress() throws UnknownHostException {
            Enumeration allNetInterfaces;
            try {
                allNetInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
                InetAddress ip = null;
                while (allNetInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
                    NetworkInterface netInterface = (NetworkInterface) allNetInterfaces.nextElement();
    
                    Enumeration addresses = netInterface.getInetAddresses();
                    while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                        ip = (InetAddress) addresses.nextElement();
                        if (!ip.isSiteLocalAddress() && !ip.isLoopbackAddress() && ip.getHostAddress().indexOf(":") == -1) {
                            if (ip != null && ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
                                return ip;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (SocketException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {
                throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");
            }
            return jdkSuppliedAddress;
        }
    
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/starcrm/p/7071227.html
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