Java数据库连接(JDBC)由一组用 Java 编程语言编写的类和接口组成。JDBC 为工具/数据库开发人员提供了一个标准的 API,使他们能够用纯Java API 来编写数据库应用程序。然而各个开发商的接口并不完全相同,所以开发环境的变化会带来一定的配置变化。本文介绍的是连接SQLServer数据库:
1.打开SQLServer的配置管理器:
2.打开TCP/IP的属性,IPALL的端口改为1433
3.打开服务,重新启动SQL Server(SQLEXPRESS)
4.下面开始写简易的JDBC:
String DRIVER = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"; String URL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=bookDB"; String USERNAME = "sa"; String PASSWORD = "1234";
1 package com.ccec.jdbc; 2 3 import java.beans.Statement; 4 import java.sql.Connection; 5 import java.sql.DriverManager; 6 import java.sql.PreparedStatement; 7 import java.sql.ResultSet; 8 import java.sql.SQLException; 9 10 public class jdbc { 11 private static final String DRIVER = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"; 12 private static final String URL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=bookDB"; 13 private static final String USERNAME = "sa"; 14 private static final String PASSWORD = "1234"; 15 16 public boolean login(String username, String password) { 17 Connection con = null; 18 PreparedStatement st = null; 19 ResultSet rs = null; 20 21 try { 22 Class.forName(DRIVER); 23 con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD); 24 String sql = "select userName,pwd from userInfo where userName=? and pwd=?"; 25 st = con.prepareStatement(sql); 26 st.setString(1, username); 27 st.setString(2, password); 28 rs = st.executeQuery(); 29 30 if (rs.next()) { 31 System.out.println(username); 32 return true; 33 } 34 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 35 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 36 e.printStackTrace(); 37 } catch (SQLException e) { 38 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 39 e.printStackTrace(); 40 } finally { 41 try { 42 if (rs != null) { 43 rs.close(); 44 } 45 if (st != null) { 46 st.close(); 47 } 48 if (con != null) { 49 con.close(); 50 } 51 } catch (SQLException e) { 52 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 53 e.printStackTrace(); 54 } 55 } 56 return false; 57 } 58 }
5.封装后的JDBC
1 package com.ccec.jdbc; 2 3 /** 4 * @author StayReal 5 */ 6 import java.sql.Connection; 7 import java.sql.DriverManager; 8 import java.sql.PreparedStatement; 9 import java.sql.ResultSet; 10 import java.sql.SQLException; 11 12 public class jdbc { 13 // SQLServer驱动类的全名(包名.;类名) 14 private static final String DRIVER = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"; 15 // 连接的URL 16 private static final String URL = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=bookDB"; 17 // 登陆SQLServer的用户名 18 private static final String USERNAME = "sa"; 19 // 登陆SQLServer的密码 20 private static final String PASSWORD = "1234"; 21 // 数据库的对象声明 22 private Connection con = null; 23 private PreparedStatement pst = null; 24 private ResultSet rs = null; 25 26 /** 27 * 加载驱动,建立连接 28 * 29 * @throws ClassNotFoundException 30 * @throws SQLException 31 */ 32 private void getConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { 33 Class.forName(DRIVER); 34 con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD); 35 } 36 37 /** 38 * 执行查询 39 * 40 * @param sql 41 * 执行的SQL语句 42 * @param params 43 * Object数组 封装所有的SQL语句参数 顺序与SQL语句是参数顺序一致 44 * @return ResultSet 返回执行的结果 45 */ 46 public ResultSet execQuery(String sql, Object[] params) { 47 try { 48 getConnection(); 49 pst = con.prepareStatement(sql); 50 setPrepareStatementParams(params); 51 rs = pst.executeQuery(); 52 } catch (SQLException e) { 53 e.printStackTrace(); 54 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 55 e.printStackTrace(); 56 } 57 return rs; 58 } 59 60 /** 61 * 执行增加、删除、修改SQL操作的方法 62 * 63 * @param sql 64 * 执行的参数化SQL语句 65 * @param params 66 * Object数组 封装所有的SQL语句参数 顺序与SQL语句是参数顺序一致 67 * @return int型 受影响的行数 -1表示出现异常 68 */ 69 public int execUpadte(String sql, Object[] params) { 70 try { 71 getConnection(); 72 pst = con.prepareStatement(sql); 73 setPrepareStatementParams(params); 74 int affectedRows = pst.executeUpdate(); 75 return affectedRows; 76 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 77 e.printStackTrace(); 78 } catch (SQLException e) { 79 e.printStackTrace(); 80 } finally { 81 closeAll(); 82 } 83 return -1; 84 } 85 86 /** 87 * 为PrepareStatement设置参数 88 * 89 * @param params 90 * 参数数组 91 * @throws SQLException 92 */ 93 private void setPrepareStatementParams(Object[] params) throws SQLException { 94 if (params != null) { 95 // 传一个数组的参数 96 for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { 97 pst.setObject(i + 1, params[i]); 98 } 99 } 100 } 101 102 /** 103 * 关闭Connection ,PrepareStatement,ResultSet 104 */ 105 private void closeAll() { 106 try { 107 if (rs != null) { 108 rs.close(); 109 } 110 if (pst != null) { 111 pst.close(); 112 } 113 if (con != null) { 114 con.close(); 115 } 116 } catch (SQLException e) { 117 e.printStackTrace(); 118 } 119 } 120 }