线性表—概念总结及代码示例

概览：

• 线性表的定义和基本操作
• 线性表的存储结构
• 线性表的应用

1. 线性表的基本概念和实现
   1. 定义：具有相同特性数据元素的有限序列。
   2. 逻辑特征：前驱后继
   3. 存储结构：
      1. 顺序表：连续的存储空间
      2. 链表：物理上不连续
      3. 两种存储结构的比较

         顺序表有随机访问的特征，占用连续的空间，不利于增删

         链表不支持随机访问，结点的存储空间利用率稍低，利于增删

2. 线性表的结构体定义个基本操作
   1. 线性表的结构体定义
   2. 顺序表的操作
      1. 插入

      2. template <class T>
         void SeqList<T>::Insert(int i, T x)
         {
             if (length >= MaxSize)
                 throw "上溢";
             if (i < 1 || i > length)
                 throw "位置";
             //0 1 2 3 4 i 5 6 7 length = 8 i = 6
             for (int j = length; j >= i; j--)
                 data[j] = data[j - 1];
             data[i] = x;
             length++;
         }

      3. 删除

      4. template <class T>
         T SeqList<T>::Delete(int i)
         {
             if (length == 0) throw "下溢";
             if (i < 0 || i > length)
                 throw "位置";
             T s = data[i - 1];
             for (int j = i - 1; j < length - 1; j++)
                 data[j] = data[j + 1];
             length--;
             return s;   
         }

   3. 单链表的操作
      1. 合并

      2. template <class T>
         void merge(Node<T> *A, Node<T> *B, Node<T> *&C)
         {
             Node<T> *p = A->next;
             Node<T> *q = B->next;
             Node<T> *r;
             C = A;
             C->next = NULL;
             free(B);
             r = C;
             while (p != NULL && q != NULL)
             {
                 if (p->data <= q->data)
                 {
                     r->next = p;
                     p = p->next;
                     r = r->next;
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     r->next = q;
                     q = q->next;
                     r = r->next;
                 }
             }
             r->next = NULL;
         
             if (p != NULL)
                 r->next = p;
             if (q != NULL)
                 r->next = q;
         }

      3. 插入

      4. template <class T>
         void LinkList<T>::Insert(int i, T a)
         {
             int count = 0;
             T *p = first;
             while (++count < i && p != NULL)
                 p = p->next;
             if (p == NULL)
                 throw "位置";
             T *s = new Node<T>;
             s->data = a;
             s->next = p->next;
             p->next = s;
         }

      5. 删除

      6. template <class T>
         T LinkList<T>::Delete(int i)
         {
             int count = 0;
             T *p = first;
             while (++count < i && p != NULL)
                 p = p->next;
             if (p == NULL || p->next == NULL)
                 throw "位置";
             T *q = p->next;
             T x = q->data;
             p->next = q->next;
             delete q;
             return x;
         }

   4. 双链表的操作
      1. 尾插
      2. 插入

      3. template<class T>
         void CycleList<T>::Insert(int i,T t)
         {
             DLNode<T> *p;
             p = first；
             int count = 0;
             while(++ count < i)
                 p = p->next;
             DLNode<T> *s = new DLNode<T>;
             s->data = t;
             s->next = p->next;
             s->prior = p;
             p->next->prior = s;
             p->next = s;
             
         }

      4. 删除

      5. template<class T>
         T CycleList<T>::Delete(int i)
         {
             DLNode<T> *p;
             p = first;
             int count = 0;
             while(++ count < i)
                 p = p->next;
             DLNode<T> *q;
             q = p->next;
             T x = q->data;
             p->next = q->next;
             q->next->prior = p;
             return x;
         }

   5. 循环链表的操作