Docker学习Ⅱ

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version		 # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info		 # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help	 # 万能命令

帮助文档的地址: https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@su01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB

#名词解释
REPOSITORY	仓库源
TAG		镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的id
CREATED		镜像的创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

#可选项
  -a, --all     # 列出所有
  -q, --quiet   # 只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@su01 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME       DESCRIPTION           			STARS    OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql  	 MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10139     [OK]                
mariadb  MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3734      [OK]                

#可选项	通过搜索stars过滤
  --filter=STARS=3000	 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

docker pull 下载镜像

# docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@su01 ~]# docker pull mysql

# 指定版本下载
[root@su01 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

#指定id
docker rmi -f id

#指定id,多个
docker rmi -f id1 id2 id3

#组合操作
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)	# 先查后删

容器命令

说明: 有了镜像才可创建容器! linux, 下载一个 centos 镜像来测试学习** **(centos7里运行docker里运行centos8)

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name='Name'	#容器名字
-d		#后台运行
-it		#使用交互方式进行,进入容器查看内容
-p		#指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080(主机端口:容器端口)
-P		#随机指定端口

# 测试
[root@su01 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6a6bff5175a1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 退出容器
[root@6a6bff5175a1 /]# exit
exit
[root@su01 ~]# cd /
[root@su01 /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt    proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    patch  root  sbin  sys  usr  www

列出所有运行的容器

#正在运行的
[root@su01 /]# docker ps

#所有容器(正在运行+运行过的)
[root@su01 /]# docker ps -a

# 其余参数
docker ps -a n=1	#只显示一个(最近开始)
	  -q		#只显示容器的编号

退出容器

exit		#直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q	#容器不停止退出(注意大写)

删除容器

docker rm 容器id		          #删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,强制rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	  #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm	  #删除所有容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		#启动容器
docker restart 容器id		#重启容器
docker stop 容器id		#停止容器
docker kill 容器id		#杀死容器(容器启动状态才能杀死)

#run和start的区别:run是创建并启动容器(操作镜像),start是启动容器(操作容器id)

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像
[root@su01 ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题 docker ps 的时候发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑: docker 容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止

查看日志

[root@su01 /]# docker logs -tf --tail 显示数量 容器id

查看容器中进程信息

[root@su01 /]# docker top 33871aa9ee9a
UID      PID        PPID        C       STIME      TTY       TIME         CMD
root     12205      12188       0       15:13      pts/0    00:00:00     /bin/bash

#名词
UID	当前用户id
PID 	进程id
PPID	父进程id

查看镜像的元数据

#命令
docker inspect 容器id

[root@su01 /]# docker inspect 33871aa9ee9a
[
    {
        "Id": "33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e",
        "Created": "2020-11-09T07:13:17.288278093Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12205,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-11-09T07:13:17.566282067Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e/33871aa9ee9acb223c59bd169f338c0cf438e1bd859aba2ecb1605128532987e-json.log",
        "Name": "/laughing_chebyshev",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f39c856104fe11cffee6f80d128e4e619ccf2ebd72538479d6fe5519dc17d7d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e49b5228da5b28429451483109faa40e20be5c4a64b9427e647974af81ea035/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f39c856104fe11cffee6f80d128e4e619ccf2ebd72538479d6fe5519dc17d7d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f39c856104fe11cffee6f80d128e4e619ccf2ebd72538479d6fe5519dc17d7d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f39c856104fe11cffee6f80d128e4e619ccf2ebd72538479d6fe5519dc17d7d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "33871aa9ee9a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "4f276548a86564d625671959fea0cfc0427e0ec2bbc271505b8e497b12351611",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4f276548a865",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "7036acf9d4fe1920dc3c43fe03685458cdcfe69a9d4e6b5bd56c4cb50d10d6db",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "0c1ed7ac516d57adbbe5d75b0edee145cd3056921acd3e2af8c0294910173a63",
                    "EndpointID": "7036acf9d4fe1920dc3c43fe03685458cdcfe69a9d4e6b5bd56c4cb50d10d6db",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

# 方式一
# 命令
docker exec -it	容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@su01 /]# docker exec -it 33871aa9ee9a /bin/bash
[root@33871aa9ee9a /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@33871aa9ee9a /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 07:13 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        14     0  0 07:42 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        28    14  0 07:42 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef


# 方式二
# 命令
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@su01 /]# docker attach 33871aa9ee9a
正在执行当前的任务...

# exec和attach对比
exec	进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
attach	进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到宿主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径

# 今日容器内,新建文件
[root@su01 home]# docker attach f0ed56123ff5
[root@f0ed56123ff5 /]# cd /home
[root@f0ed56123ff5 home]# touch test.py
[root@f0ed56123ff5 home]# ls
test.py
# 退出容器,将容器内的文件拷贝到主机
[root@f0ed56123ff5 home]# exit
exit
[root@su01 home]# docker cp f0ed56123ff5:/home/test.py /home
[root@su01 home]# ls
redis  test.py  www

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动同步

小结

attach			# 当前shell下attach连接指定运行的容器
build			# 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit			# 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp			# 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机上
create			# 创建一个新的容器,同run,但不启动
diff			# 查看docker容器变化
events			# 从docker服务器获取容器实时事件
exec			# 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export			# 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)
history			# 展示一个镜像的形成历史
images			# 列出系统当前镜像
import 			# 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像(对应export)
info			# 显示系统相关信息
inspect			# 查看容器详细信息
kill			# kill指定正在运行的docker容器
load			# 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像(对应save)
login			# 注册或登录一个docker源服务器
logout			# 从当前Docker registry退出
logs			# 输出当前容器日志信息
port			# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause			# 暂停容器
ps			# 列出容器列表
pull			# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或库镜像
push			# 推动指定镜像或库镜像到docker源服务器
restart			# 重启运行的容器
rm			# 移除一个/多个容器
rmi			# 移除一个/多个镜像(无容器使用该镜像才可删除)
run			# 创建一个容器并运行一个命令
save			# 保存一个镜像为一个tar包(对应load)
search			# 在docker hub中搜索镜像
start			# 启动容器
stop			# 停止容器
tag			# 给仓库源中的镜像打标签
top			# 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause			# 取消暂停容器
version			# 查看docker版本号
wait			# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值