webservice的 发布一般都是使用WSDL(web service descriptive language)文件的样式来发布的,在WSDL文件里面,包含这个webservice暴露在外面可供使用的接口。今天搜索到了非常好的 webservice provider列表
http://www.webservicex.net/WCF/default.aspx
这上面列出了70多个包括很多方面的free webservice provider,utilities->global weather就可以获取全球的天气预报。
下面我们来看Java如何通过WSDL文件来调用这些web service:
注意,以下的代码并没有经过真正的测试,只是说明这些情况,不同版本的Axis相差很大,大家最好以apache网站上的例子为准,这里仅仅用于说明其基本用法。
一、利用jdk web服务api实现,这里使用基于 SOAP message 的 Web 服务
1.首先建立一个Web services EndPoint:
- package Hello;
- import javax.jws.WebService;
- import javax.jws.WebMethod;
- import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;
- @WebService
- public class Hello {
- @WebMethod
- public String hello(String name) {
- return "Hello, " + name + " ";
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // create and publish an endpoint
- Hello hello = new Hello();
- Endpoint endpoint = Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:8080/hello", hello);
- }
- }
- package Hello;
- import javax.jws.WebService;
- import javax.jws.WebMethod;
- import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;
- @WebService
- public class Hello {
- @WebMethod
- public String hello(String name) {
- return "Hello, " + name + " ";
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // create and publish an endpoint
- Hello hello = new Hello();
- Endpoint endpoint = Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:8080/hello", hello);
- }
- }
2.使用 apt 编译 Hello.java(例:apt -d [存放编译后的文件目录] Hello.java ) ,会生成 jaws目录
3.使用java Hello.Hello运行,然后将浏览器指向http://localhost:8080/hello?wsdl就会出现下列显示
4.使用wsimport 生成客户端
使用如下:wsimport -p . -keep http://localhost:8080/hello?wsdl
5.客户端程序:
- class HelloClient{
- public static void main(String args[]) {
- HelloService service = new HelloService();
- Hello helloProxy = service.getHelloPort();
- String hello = helloProxy.hello("你好");
- System.out.println(hello);
- }
- }
- class HelloClient{
- public static void main(String args[]) {
- HelloService service = new HelloService();
- Hello helloProxy = service.getHelloPort();
- String hello = helloProxy.hello("你好");
- System.out.println(hello);
- }
- }
二、使用xfire,我这里使用的是myeclipse集成的xfire进行测试的
利用xfire开发WebService,可以有三种方法:
1一种是从javabean 中生成;
2 一种是从wsdl文件中生成;
3 还有一种是自己建立webservice
步骤如下:
用myeclipse建立webservice工程,目录结构如下:
首先建立webservice接口,
代码如下:
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
- //Generated by MyEclipse
- public interface IHelloWorldService {
- public String example(String message);
- }
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
- //Generated by MyEclipse
- public interface IHelloWorldService {
- public String example(String message);
- }
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
- //Generated by MyEclipse
- public class HelloWorldServiceImpl implements IHelloWorldService {
- public String example(String message) {
- return message;
- }
- }
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
- //Generated by MyEclipse
- public class HelloWorldServiceImpl implements IHelloWorldService {
- public String example(String message) {
- return message;
- }
- }
修改service.xml 文件,加入以下代码:
- <service>
- <name>HelloWorldService</name>
- <serviceClass>
- com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService
- </serviceClass>
- <implementationClass>
- com.myeclipse.wsExample.HelloWorldServiceImpl
- </implementationClass>
- <style>wrapped</style>
- <use>literal</use>
- <scope>application</scope>
- </service>
- <service>
- <name>HelloWorldService</name>
- <serviceClass>
- com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService
- </serviceClass>
- <implementationClass>
- com.myeclipse.wsExample.HelloWorldServiceImpl
- </implementationClass>
- <style>wrapped</style>
- <use>literal</use>
- <scope>application</scope>
- </service>
把整个项目部署到tomcat服务器中 ,打开浏览器,输入http://localhost:8989/HelloWorld/services/HelloWorldService?wsdl
客户端实现如下:
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample.client;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory;
- import com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService;
- public class HelloWorldClient {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
- XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
- String url="http://localhost:8989/HelloWorld/services/HelloWorldService";
- try
- {
- IHelloWorldService hs=(IHelloWorldService) xf.create(s,url);
- String st=hs.example("zhangjin");
- System.out.print(st);
- }
- catch(Exception e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- package com.myeclipse.wsExample.client;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service;
- import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory;
- import com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService;
- public class HelloWorldClient {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
- XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
- String url="http://localhost:8989/HelloWorld/services/HelloWorldService";
- try
- {
- IHelloWorldService hs=(IHelloWorldService) xf.create(s,url);
- String st=hs.example("zhangjin");
- System.out.print(st);
- }
- catch(Exception e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
这里再说点题外话,有时候我们知道一个wsdl地址,比如想用java客户端引用.net 做得webservice,使用myeclipse引用,但是却出现无法通过验证的错误,这时我们可以直接在类中引用,步骤如下:
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
- XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
- //远程调用.net开发的webservice
- Client c=new Client(new URL("http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx?wsdl"));
- Object[] o=c.invoke("qqCheckOnline", new String[]{"531086641","591284436"});
- //调用.net本机开发的webservice
- Client c1=new Client(new URL("http://localhost/zj/Service.asmx?wsdl"));
- Object[] o1=c1.invoke("HelloWorld",new String[]{});
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
- XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
- //远程调用.net开发的webservice
- Client c=new Client(new URL("http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx?wsdl"));
- Object[] o=c.invoke("qqCheckOnline", new String[]{"531086641","591284436"});
- //调用.net本机开发的webservice
- Client c1=new Client(new URL("http://localhost/zj/Service.asmx?wsdl"));
- Object[] o1=c1.invoke("HelloWorld",new String[]{});
- }
三、使用axis1.4调用webservice方法
前提条件:下载axis1.4包和tomcat服务器 ,并将axis文件夹复制到tomcat服务器的webapp文件夹中
这里我就说一下最简单的方法:
首先建立一个任意的java类(例如:HelloWorld.java),复制到axis文件夹下,将其扩展名改为jws,然后重新启动tomcat,在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws?wsdl,就会得到一个wsdl文件,其客户端调用方法如下:
- import javax.xml.rpc.Service;
- import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
- import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceFactory;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.rmi.RemoteException;
- import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
- public class TestHelloWorld {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, ServiceException, RemoteException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- String wsdlUrl ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws?wsdl";
- String nameSpaceUri ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws";
- String serviceName = "HelloWorldService";
- String portName = "HelloWorld";
- ServiceFactory serviceFactory = ServiceFactory.newInstance();
- Service afService =serviceFactory.createService(new URL(wsdlUrl),new QName(nameSpaceUri, serviceName));
- HelloWorldInterface proxy = (HelloWorldInterface)afService.getPort(new QName(nameSpaceUri, portName),HelloWorldInterface.class);
- System.out.println("return value is "+proxy.getName("john") ) ;
- }
- }
- import javax.xml.rpc.Service;
- import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
- import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceFactory;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.rmi.RemoteException;
- import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
- public class TestHelloWorld {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, ServiceException, RemoteException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- String wsdlUrl ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws?wsdl";
- String nameSpaceUri ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws";
- String serviceName = "HelloWorldService";
- String portName = "HelloWorld";
- ServiceFactory serviceFactory = ServiceFactory.newInstance();
- Service afService =serviceFactory.createService(new URL(wsdlUrl),new QName(nameSpaceUri, serviceName));
- HelloWorldInterface proxy = (HelloWorldInterface)afService.getPort(new QName(nameSpaceUri, portName),HelloWorldInterface.class);
- System.out.println("return value is "+proxy.getName("john") ) ;
- }
- }
四、使用axis2开发webservice(这里首先感谢李宁老师)
使用axis2 需要先下载
axis2-1.4.1-bin.zip
axis2-1.4.1-war.zip
http://ws.apache.org/axis2/
同理,也需要将axis2复制到webapp目录中
在axis2中部署webservice有两种方法,
第一种是pojo方式,这种方式比较简单,但是有一些限制,例如部署的类不能加上包名
第二种方式是利用xml发布webservice,这种方法比较灵活,不需要限制类的声明
下面分别说明使用方法:
1.pojo方式:在Axis2中不需要进行任何的配置,就可以直接将一个简单的POJO发布成WebService。其中POJO中所有的public方法将被发布成WebService方法。先实现一个pojo类:
- public class HelloWorld{
- public String getName(String name)
- {
- return "你好 " + name;
- }
- public int add(int a,int b)
- {
- return a+b;
- }
- }
- public class HelloWorld{
- public String getName(String name)
- {
- return "你好 " + name;
- }
- public int add(int a,int b)
- {
- return a+b;
- }
- }
由于这两个方法都是public类型,所以都会发布成webservice。编译HelloWorld类后,将HelloWorld.class文件放到%tomcat%webappsaxis2WEB-INFpojo目录中(如果没有pojo目录,则建立该目录),然后打开浏览器进行测试:
输入一下url:
http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/listServices
会列出所有webservice
这是其中的两个webservice列表,接着,在客户端进行测试:
首先可以写一个封装类,减少编码,代码如下:
- package MZ.GetWebService;
- import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
- import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault;
- import org.apache.axis2.addressing.EndpointReference;
- import org.apache.axis2.client.Options;
- import org.apache.axis2.rpc.client.RPCServiceClient;
- public class GetWSByAxis2 {
- private static String EndPointUrl;
- private static String QUrl="http://ws.apache.org/axis2";
- private QName opAddEntry;
- public String WSUrl;
- public RPCServiceClient setOption() throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient = new RPCServiceClient();
- Options options = serviceClient.getOptions();
- EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference(WSUrl);
- options.setTo(targetEPR);
- return serviceClient;
- }
- public QName getQname(String Option){
- return new QName (QUrl,Option);
- }
- //返回String
- public String getStr(String Option) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
- String str = (String) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
- new Object[]{}, new Class[]{String.class })[0];
- return str;
- }
- // 返回一维String数组
- public String[] getArray(String Option) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
- String[] strArray = (String[]) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
- new Object[]{}, new Class[]{String[].class })[0];
- return strArray;
- }
- //从WebService中返回一个对象的实例
- public Object getObject(String Option,Object o) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- QName qname=this.getQname(Option);
- Object object = serviceClient.invokeBlocking(qname, new Object[]{},new Class[]{o.getClass()})[0];
- return object;
- }
- ///////////////////////////////////////// 读者可以自己封装数据类型,如int,byte,float等数据类型
- }
- package MZ.GetWebService;
- import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
- import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault;
- import org.apache.axis2.addressing.EndpointReference;
- import org.apache.axis2.client.Options;
- import org.apache.axis2.rpc.client.RPCServiceClient;
- public class GetWSByAxis2 {
- private static String EndPointUrl;
- private static String QUrl="http://ws.apache.org/axis2";
- private QName opAddEntry;
- public String WSUrl;
- public RPCServiceClient setOption() throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient = new RPCServiceClient();
- Options options = serviceClient.getOptions();
- EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference(WSUrl);
- options.setTo(targetEPR);
- return serviceClient;
- }
- public QName getQname(String Option){
- return new QName (QUrl,Option);
- }
- //返回String
- public String getStr(String Option) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
- String str = (String) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
- new Object[]{}, new Class[]{String.class })[0];
- return str;
- }
- // 返回一维String数组
- public String[] getArray(String Option) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
- String[] strArray = (String[]) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
- new Object[]{}, new Class[]{String[].class })[0];
- return strArray;
- }
- //从WebService中返回一个对象的实例
- public Object getObject(String Option,Object o) throws AxisFault
- {
- RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
- QName qname=this.getQname(Option);
- Object object = serviceClient.invokeBlocking(qname, new Object[]{},new Class[]{o.getClass()})[0];
- return object;
- }
- ///////////////////////////////////////// 读者可以自己封装数据类型,如int,byte,float等数据类型
- }
客户端调用方法:
- MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2 ws=new MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2();
- ws.WSUrl="http://localhost:8989/axis2/services/HelloWorld";
- HelloWorld hello= (HelloWorld)ws.getObject("getName", HelloWorld.class);
- System.out.println(hello.getName("zhangjin"));
- MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2 ws=new MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2();
- ws.WSUrl="http://localhost:8989/axis2/services/HelloWorld";
- HelloWorld hello= (HelloWorld)ws.getObject("getName", HelloWorld.class);
- System.out.println(hello.getName("zhangjin"));
2.使用service.xml发布webservice,这种方式和直接放在pojo目录中的POJO类不同。要想将MyService类发布成Web
Service,需要一个services.xml文件,这个文件需要放在META-INF目录中,该文件的内容如下:
- <service name="HelloWorld">
- <description>
- HelloWorld webservice
- </description>
- <parameter name="ServiceClass">
- service.HelloWorld
- </parameter>
- <messageReceivers>
- <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out"
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-only"
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver" />
- </messageReceivers>
- </service>
- <service name="HelloWorld">
- <description>
- HelloWorld webservice
- </description>
- <parameter name="ServiceClass">
- service.HelloWorld
- </parameter>
- <messageReceivers>
- <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out"
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-only"
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver" />
- </messageReceivers>
- </service>
其中<service>元素用于发布Web Service,一个<service>元素只能发布一个WebService类,name属性表示WebService名,如下面的URL可以获得这个WebService的WSDL内容:
http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/myService?wsdl
除此之外,还有直接可以在其中制定webservice操作方法:可以这样些service.xml文件
- <service name="HelloWorld">
- <description>
- HelloWorld service
- </description>
- <parameter name="ServiceClass">
- service.HelloWorld
- </parameter>
- <operation name="getName">
- <messageReceiver class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- </operation>
- <operation name="add">
- <messageReceiver
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- </operation>
- </service>
- <service name="HelloWorld">
- <description>
- HelloWorld service
- </description>
- <parameter name="ServiceClass">
- service.HelloWorld
- </parameter>
- <operation name="getName">
- <messageReceiver class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- </operation>
- <operation name="add">
- <messageReceiver
- class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
- </operation>
- </service>
如果要发布多个webservice,可以在文件两段加上<serviceGroup><service></service>...<service></service></serviceGroup>发布