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  • WebDriver API 实例详解（三）

    二十一、模拟鼠标右键事件

    被测试网页的网址：

    http://www.sogou.com

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 7 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
10 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
11 
12 public class ChormeOpen {
13     WebDriver driver;
14     String url = "http://www.sogou.com";
15 
16     @Test
17     public void opentest() {
18         driver.get(url);
19         try {
20             Thread.sleep(3000);
21         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
22             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
23             e.printStackTrace();
24         }
25         Actions action = new Actions(driver);
26         action.contextClick(driver.findElement(By.id("query"))).perform();
27         try {
28             Thread.sleep(3000);
29         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
30             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
31             e.printStackTrace();
32         }
33     }
34     
35   @BeforeMethod
36   public void beforeMethod() {
37       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
38         driver = new ChromeDriver();
39   }
40 
41   @AfterMethod
42   public void afterMethod() {
43       driver.quit();
44   }
45 
46 }
    View Code

    二十二、在指定元素上方进行鼠标悬浮

    被测试网页的HTML源码：

     1 <html>
 2 <head>
 3 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">
 4 <script type="text/javascript">
 5     function showNone(){
 6         document.getElementById('div1').style.display = "none";
 7     }
 8     function showBlock(){
 9         document.getElementById('div1').style.display = "block";
10     }
11 </script>
12 <style type="text/css">
13     #div1{
14         position:absolute;
15         width:200px;
16         height:125px;
17         z-index:1;
18         left:28px;
19         top:34px;
20         background-color:#0033CC;
21     }
22 </style>
23 </head>
24 <body onload="showNone()">
25     <div id="div1"></div>
26     <a onmouseover="showBlock()" id="link1">鼠标指过来</a>
27     <a onmouseover="showNone()" id="link2">鼠标指过来</a>    
28 </body>
29 </html>
    View Code

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import java.io.File;
 8 
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
14 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
15 
16 public class ChormeOpen {
17     WebDriver driver;
18 
19     @Test
20     public void opentest() {
21         File file = new File("");
22         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file9.html";
23         driver.get(url);
24         WebElement link1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link1']"));
25         WebElement link2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link2']"));
26         Actions action = new Actions(driver);
27         action.moveToElement(link1).perform();
28         try {
29             Thread.sleep(3000);
30         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
31             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
32             e.printStackTrace();
33         }
34         action.moveToElement(link2).perform();
35         try {
36             Thread.sleep(3000);
37         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
38             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
39             e.printStackTrace();
40         }
41     }
42     
43   @BeforeMethod
44   public void beforeMethod() {
45       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
46         driver = new ChromeDriver();
47   }
48 
49   @AfterMethod
50   public void afterMethod() {
51       driver.quit();
52   }
53 
54 }
    View Code

    二十三、在指定元素上进行鼠标单击左键和释放的操作

    被测试网页的HTML源码：

     1 <html>
 2 <head>
 3 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">
 4 <script type="text/javascript">
 5     function mouseDownFun(){
 6         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '鼠标左键被按下<br/>';
 7     }
 8     function mouseUpFun(){
 9         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '已经被按下的鼠标左键被释放抬起<br/>';
10     }
11     function clickFun(){
12         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '单击动作发生<br/>';
13     }
14 </script>
15 
16 </head>
17 <body>
18     <div id="div1" onmousedown="mouseDownFun();" onmouseup="mouseUpFun();" onclick="clickFun();"
19         style="background: #CCC;border: 3px solid #999; 200px;height: 200px;padding: 10px"></div>
20     <input style="margin-top:10px;" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML='';" value="清除信息">
21 </body>
22 </html>
    View Code

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import java.io.File;
 8 
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
14 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
15 
16 public class ChormeOpen {
17     WebDriver driver;
18 
19     @Test
20     public void opentest() {
21         File file = new File("");
22         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file10.html";
23         driver.get(url);
24         WebElement div = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='div1']"));
25         Actions action = new Actions(driver);
26         action.clickAndHold(div).perform();//单击不释放
27         try {
28             Thread.sleep(3000);
29         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
30             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
31             e.printStackTrace();
32         }
33         action.release(div).perform();//释放
34         try {
35             Thread.sleep(3000);
36         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
37             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
38             e.printStackTrace();
39         }
40     }
41     
42   @BeforeMethod
43   public void beforeMethod() {
44       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
45         driver = new ChromeDriver();
46   }
47 
48   @AfterMethod
49   public void afterMethod() {
50       driver.quit();
51   }
52 
53 }
    View Code

    二十四、查看页面元素的属性

    被测试网页的网址：

    http://www.baidu.com

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
11 import org.testng.Assert;
12 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
13 
14 public class ChormeOpen {
15     WebDriver driver;
16     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
17     @Test
18     public void opentest() {
19         driver.get(url);
20         WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
21         input.sendKeys("百度一下");
22         //
23         try {
24             Thread.sleep(3000);
25         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
26             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
27             e.printStackTrace();
28         }
29         String text = input.getAttribute("value");
30         Assert.assertEquals(text, "百度一下");
31     }
32     
33   @BeforeMethod
34   public void beforeMethod() {
35       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
36         driver = new ChromeDriver();
37   }
38 
39   @AfterMethod
40   public void afterMethod() {
41       driver.quit();
42   }
43 
44 }
    View Code

    二十五、获取页面元素的CSS属性值

    被测试网页的网址：

    http://www.baidu.com

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
11 import org.testng.Assert;
12 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
13 
14 public class ChormeOpen {
15     WebDriver driver;
16     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
17     @Test
18     public void opentest() {
19         driver.get(url);
20         WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
21         String inputWidth = input.getCssValue("width");
22         System.out.println(inputWidth);
23         try {
24             Thread.sleep(3000);
25         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
26             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
27             e.printStackTrace();
28         }
29     }
30     
31   @BeforeMethod
32   public void beforeMethod() {
33       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
34         driver = new ChromeDriver();
35   }
36 
37   @AfterMethod
38   public void afterMethod() {
39       driver.quit();
40   }
41 
42 }
    View Code

    二十六、隐匿等待

    被测试网页的网址：

    http://www.baidu.com

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 8 
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
14 import org.testng.Assert;
15 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
16 
17 public class ChormeOpen {
18     WebDriver driver;
19     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
20     @Test
21     public void opentest() {
22         driver.get(url);
23         //隐式等待
24         driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
25         try {
26             WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
27             WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("su"));
28             input.sendKeys("三生三世");
29             button.click();
30         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
31             // TODO: handle exception
32             Assert.fail("没有找到元素");
33             e.printStackTrace();
34         }
35         try {
36             Thread.sleep(3000);
37         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
38             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
39             e.printStackTrace();
40         }
41     }
42     
43   @BeforeMethod
44   public void beforeMethod() {
45       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
46         driver = new ChromeDriver();
47   }
48 
49   @AfterMethod
50   public void afterMethod() {
51       driver.quit();
52   }
53 
54 }
    View Code

    二十七、常用的显式等待

    显式等待比隐式等待更节约测试脚本执行的时间，推荐尽量使用显式等待方式来判断页面元素是否存在。使用ExpectedConditions类中自带的方法，可以进行显式等待的判断。显式等待可以自定义等待的条件，用于更加复杂的页面元素状态判断。常用的显式等待条件如下表所示：

    等待的条件 WebDriver方法
    页面元素是否在页面上可用（enabled） elementToBeClickable(By locator)
    页面元素处于被选中状态 elementToBeSelected(WebElement element)
    页面元素在页面中存在 presenceOfElementLocated(By locator)
    在页面元素中是否包含特定的文本 textToBePresentInElement(By locator)
    页面元素值 textToBePresentInElementValue(By locator,java.lang.String text)
    标题（title） titleContains(java.lang.String title)

    只有满足显式等待的条件要求，测试代码才会继续向后执行后续的测试逻辑。当显式等待条件未被满足的时候，在设定的最大显式等待时间阈值内，会停在当前代码位置进行等待，直到设定的等待条件被满足，才能继续执行后续的测试逻辑。如果超过设定的最大显式等待时间阈值，则测试程序会抛出异常，测试用例被认为执行失败。

    被测试网页的HTML源码：

     1 <html>
 2 <head>
 3 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">
 4 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>
 5 </head>
 6 <body>
 7     <p>请选择你爱吃的水果</p>
 8     <br>
 9     <select name="fruit">
10         <option id="peach" value="taozi">桃子</option>
11         <option id="watermelon" value="xigua">西瓜</option>
12     </select>
13     <br>
14     <input type="checkbox">是否喜欢吃水果？</input>
15     <br><br>
16     <input type="text" id="text" value="今年夏天西瓜相当甜！">文本框</input>
17 </body>
18 </html>
    View Code

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 import java.io.File;
 7 
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
14 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
15 
16 public class ChormeOpen {
17     WebDriver driver;
18     @Test
19     public void opentest() {
20         File file = new File("");
21         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file11.html";
22         driver.get(url);
23         WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
24         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("水果"));//
25         
26         //
27         WebElement select = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//option[@id='peach']"));
28         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeSelected(select));
29         
30         //
31         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")));
32         
33         //
34         WebElement p = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p"));
35         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(p, "爱吃的水果"));
36         
37         try {
38             Thread.sleep(3000);
39         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
40             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         }
43     }
44     
45   @BeforeMethod
46   public void beforeMethod() {
47       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
48         driver = new ChromeDriver();
49   }
50 
51   @AfterMethod
52   public void afterMethod() {
53       driver.quit();
54   }
55 
56 }
    View Code

    二十八、自定义显式等待

    被测试网页的HTML源码：

     1 <html>
 2 <head>
 3 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">
 4 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>
 5 </head>
 6 <body>
 7     <p>请选择你爱吃的水果</p>
 8     <br>
 9     <select name="fruit">
10         <option id="peach" value="taozi">桃子</option>
11         <option id="watermelon" value="xigua">西瓜</option>
12     </select>
13     <br>
14     <input type="checkbox">是否喜欢吃水果？</input>
15     <br><br>
16     <input type="text" id="text" value="今年夏天西瓜相当甜！">文本框</input>
17 </body>
18 </html>
    View Code

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 import java.io.File;
 7 
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
14 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
15 import org.testng.Assert;
16 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
17 
18 public class ChormeOpen {
19     WebDriver driver;
20     @Test
21     public void opentest() {
22         File file = new File("");
23         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file11.html";
24         driver.get(url);
25         try {
26             WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
27             WebElement textInputbox = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
28 
29                 @Override
30                 public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
31                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub
32                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@type='text']"));
33                 }
34             });
35             Assert.assertEquals("今年夏天西瓜相当甜！", textInputbox.getAttribute("value"));
36             
37             //
38             Boolean containTextFlag = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
39 
40                 @Override
41                 public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
42                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub
43                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//p")).getText().contains("爱吃");
44                 }
45             });
46             Assert.assertTrue(containTextFlag);
47             
48             //
49             Boolean inputTextVisibleFlag = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
50 
51                 @Override
52                 public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
53                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub
54                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@type='text']")).isDisplayed();
55                 }
56             });
57             Assert.assertTrue(inputTextVisibleFlag);
58         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
59             // TODO: handle exception
60         }
61         
62         try {
63             Thread.sleep(3000);
64         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
65             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
66             e.printStackTrace();
67         }
68     }
69     
70   @BeforeMethod
71   public void beforeMethod() {
72       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
73         driver = new ChromeDriver();
74   }
75 
76   @AfterMethod
77   public void afterMethod() {
78       driver.quit();
79   }
80 
81 }
    View Code

    二十九、判断页面元素是否存在

    被测试网页的网址：

    http://www.sogou.com

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 8 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
12 import org.testng.Assert;
13 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
14 
15 public class ChormeOpen {
16     WebDriver driver;
17     String url = "http://www.sogou.com";
18     
19     private Boolean IsElementPresent(By by){
20         try {
21             driver.findElement(by);
22             return true;
23         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
24             // TODO: handle exception
25             return false;
26         }
27     }
28     @Test
29     public void opentest() {
30         driver.get(url);
31         if(IsElementPresent(By.id("query"))){
32             WebElement searchInputbox = driver.findElement(By.id("query"));
33             if(searchInputbox.isEnabled()==true){
34                 searchInputbox.sendKeys("sogou找到了");
35             }
36         }else{
37             Assert.fail("元素未被找到");
38         }
39         try {
40             Thread.sleep(3000);
41         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
42             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
43             e.printStackTrace();
44         }
45     }
46     
47   @BeforeMethod
48   public void beforeMethod() {
49       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
50         driver = new ChromeDriver();
51   }
52 
53   @AfterMethod
54   public void afterMethod() {
55       driver.quit();
56   }
57 
58 }
    View Code

    三十、使用Title属性识别和操作新弹出的浏览器窗口

    被测试网页的HTML源码：

     1 <html>
 2 <head>
 3 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">
 4 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>
 5 </head>
 6 <body>
 7     <p id="p1">你爱吃的水果么？</p>
 8     <br><br>
 9     <a href="http://www.sogou.com" target="_blank">sogou搜索</a>
10 </body>
11 </html>
    View Code

    Java语言版本的API实例代码：

     1 package test;
 2 
 3 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 4 
 5 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
 6 
 7 import java.io.File;
 8 
 9 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
10 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchWindowException;
11 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
12 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
13 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
14 import org.testng.Assert;
15 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
16 
17 public class ChormeOpen {
18     WebDriver driver;
19     
20     @Test
21     public void opentest() {
22         File file = new File("");
23         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file12.html";
24         driver.get(url);
25         String parentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
26         WebElement sogouLink = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a"));
27         sogouLink.click();
28         java.util.Set<String> allWindowsHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
29         if(!allWindowsHandles.isEmpty()){
30             for(String windowHandle:allWindowsHandles){
31                 try {
32                     if(driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle).getTitle().equals("搜狗搜索引擎 - 上网从搜狗开始")){
33                         driver.findElement(By.id("query")).sendKeys("sogou");
34                     }
35                 } catch (NoSuchWindowException e) {
36                     // TODO: handle exception
37                     e.printStackTrace();
38                 }
39             }
40         }
41         driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowHandle);
42         Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "你喜欢的水果");
43         try {
44             Thread.sleep(3000);
45         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
46             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
47             e.printStackTrace();
48         }
49     }
50     
51   @BeforeMethod
52   public void beforeMethod() {
53       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\selenium\chromedriver.exe");
54         driver = new ChromeDriver();
55   }
56 
57   @AfterMethod
58   public void afterMethod() {
59       driver.quit();
60   }
61 
62 }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/successcai/p/6662258.html
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