方法一：uname -a
32位：Linux tystat3 2.6.9-42.ELsmp #1 SMP Sat Aug 12 09:39:11 CDT 2006
i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
64位：Linux my-x64.xxx.cn 2.6.9-22.ELsmp #1 SMP Mon Sep 19 18:00:54
EDT 2005 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
方法二：linux系统中可用"getconf WORD_BIT"和"getconf
LONG_BIT"获得word和long的位数。64位系统中应该分别得到32和64.
方法三：查看CPU信息：
cat /proc/cupinfo
64位的cpu上可以安装32、64位linux系统。
方法四：查看Linux系统是否为64位的方法
可以直接使用 file /sbin/init 查看当前Linux系统是否为64位系统。
我在电脑上看到的结果：
/sbin/init: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically
linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.8, stripped
ELF 64-bit LSB executable 应该就是表示该文件时在64位的系统上的可执行文件。
其实，只要用 file 命令来查看任何一个在电脑上的可执行文件（如用gcc编译生成的可执行文件）都可以查看到相似的结果。
顺便查了下 /sbin/init 文件的作用：
The /sbin/init program (also called init) coordinates the rest of the boot
process and configures the environment for the user.
When the init command starts, it becomes the parent or grandparent of all of
the processes that start up automatically on the system. First, it runs the
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script, which sets the environment path, starts swap,
checks the file systems, and executes all other steps required for system
initialization. For example, most systems use a clock, so rc.sysinit
reads the /etc/sysconfig/clock configuration file to initialize the hardware
clock. Another example is if there are special serial port processes which must
be initialized, rc.sysinit executes the /etc/rc.serial file.
The init command then runs the /etc/inittab script, which describes how the
system should be set up in each SysV init runlevel. Runlevels are a state, or
mode, defined by the services listed in the SysV /etc/rc.d/rc<x>.d/
directory, where <x> is the number of the runlevel.
Next, the init command sets the source function library,
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions, for the system, which configures how to start,
kill, and determine the PID of a program.
The init program starts all of the background processes by looking in the
appropriate rc directory for the runlevel specified as the default in
/etc/inittab . The rc directories are numbered to correspond to the runlevel
they represent. For instance, /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/ is the directory for runlevel 5.
看来了解了这个 init 文件，就对整个Linux的启动运行也有所了解了。