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  • if判断、while循环、for循环

    一、if 判断

    语法一:if判断

    sex = 'female'
    age = 32
    is_beautiful = True
    if sex == 'female' and age == 18 and is_beautiful:
        print('Begin your love words:')
    print('another code1')
    print('another code2')

    if判断使用注意事项:if条件紧跟着一个冒号:+回车,pycharm会自动进入到下一行并缩进4个空格,开始进入运行一组代码块。在这里注意中英文输入法对代码“括号、冒号、逗号”这些字符的影响,谨记一定要用英文输入法输入,不然容易出现报错。

    语法二:if+else判断

    sex = 'female'
    age = 18
    is_beautiful = True
    if sex == 'female' and 16 < age <24 and is_beautiful:
        print('Begin your love words.')
    else:
        print('Say nothing...')

    语法三:if+else 的嵌套

    sex = 'female'
    age = 18
    is_beautiful = True
    is_success = True
    if sex == 'female' and 16 < age <24 and is_beautiful:
        print('Begin your love words.')
        if is_success:
            print('HaHaHa')
        else:
            print('I hate love,go away!')
    else:
        print('Say nothing...')

    tip:①and 多个条件并过长时,可用‘+回车’来多行显示,这里不影响语法。

           ②快捷操作,TAB键 可以进行快捷缩进,比如选中多行一起快捷缩进,要回退的话,按shift+tab组合键。

    语法四:if+elif+else

    # 输入成绩判断优秀、很好、一般、很差
    score = input('Please input your score:')
    score = int(score)
    if score >= 90:
        print('优秀')
    elif score >= 80:
        print('很好')
    elif score >= 70:
        print('一般')
    else:
        print('很差')

    小练习:

    name = input('请输入您的用户名:')
    pwd = input('请输入您的密码:')
    if name == 'sgt' and pwd == '123':
        print('登陆成功')
    else:
        print('用户名或密码错误')
    练习一:用户登陆验证
    sgt = 'spueradministrator'
    sgf = 'systemadministrator'
    shr = 'administrator'
    sqs = 'guest'
    name = input('please input your username:')
    if name == 'sgt':
        print('你好,超级管理员!')
    elif name =='sgf':
        print('你好,系统管理员!')
    elif name == 'shr':
        print('你好,管理员!')
    elif name == 'sqs':
        print('你好,宾客!')
    根据用户输入内容打印其权限
    while True:
        today = input('今天是星期几?')
        if today == 'monday' or today == 'tuesday' or today == 'wednesday'
            or today == 'thursday' or  today == 'friday':
            print('上班')
            break
        elif today == 'saturday' or today == 'sunday':
            print('出去浪')
            break
        else:
            print('''
            必须输入以下任意一种:
            monday
            tuesday
            wednesday
            thursday
            friday
            saturday
            sunday
            ''')
    上班或出去浪

    二、while循环

    方式一:while+True/False

    tag = True
    while tag:
        name = input('please input your name:')
        pwd = input('please input your password:')
        if name == 'sgt' and pwd == '123':
            print('congratulation,region success!')
            tag = False
        else:
            print('your name or password is wrong,please try again!')

    方法二:while+break

    while True:
        name = input('please input your name:')
        pwd = input('please input your password:')
        if name == 'sgt' and pwd == '123':
            print('congratulation,region success!')
            break
        else:
            print('your name or password is wrong,please try again!')

    break是终止本层while循环。

    方法三:while+continue

    nums = 1
    while nums <= 6:
        if nums == 4 or nums == 5:
            nums += 1
            continue
        else:
            print(nums)
            nums += 1

    终止当前循环,直接进入下次循环。

    方法四:while+else

    nums = 1
    while nums <= 6:
        if nums == 4 or nums == 5:
            nums += 1
            continue
        else:
            print(nums)
            nums += 1
    else:
        print('前面代码无break,else 条件成立,否则else不执行。')

    方法五:while的嵌套

    示例一:

    while True:
        name = input('please input your username:')
        pwd = input('please input your password:')
        if name == 'egon' and pwd == '123':
            print('login successful')
            while True:
                print('''
                0_退出
                1_取款
                2_转账
                3_查询                   
                ''')
                choice = input('请输入您要执行的操作:')
                if choice == '0':
                    break
                elif choice == '1':
                    print('取款...')
                elif choice == '2':
                    print('转账...')
                elif choice == '3':
                    print('查询...')
                else:
                    print('输入指令有误,请重新输入:')
            break
        else:
            print('username or password error!')

    改进示例二:

    tag = True
    while tag:
        name = input('please input your username:')
        pwd = input('please input your password:')
        if name == 'egon' and pwd == '123':
            print('login successful')
            while tag:
                print('''
                0_退出
                1_取款
                2_转账
                3_查询       
                ''')
                choice = input('请输入您要执行的代码:')
                if choice == '0':
                    tag = False
                elif choice == '1':
                    print('取款...')
                elif choice == '2':
                    print('转账...')
                elif choice == '3':
                    print('查询...')
                else:
                    print('指令错误,请重新输入')
        else:
            print('username or password error')

    三、for 循环 (其强大之处在于循环取值)

    方案一、

    for循环取值列表:

    取值如果用while循环:
    l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
    i = 0
    while i < len(l):                   #这里的len(l)表示计算列表l的长度(也就是索 
                                        #引数) 
        print(l[i])                      
        i += 1                         
    
    
    如果我们使用for循环取值:
    l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
    for x in l:                        #这里的x in l 是直接将l列表里的数据取出关联 
         print(x)                      #到x,不用额外赋值。

    for循环取值字典:

    info = {'sgt': 'me', 'sgf': 'brother', 'age': 18, 'sun': 'shr'}
    for x in info:
        print(x, info[x])

    方案二、for+break

    取出列表前几个数,后面的不取

    nums = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
    for x in nums:
        if x == 44:
            break
        print(x)

    方案三、for+continue

    不取其中的多个数据

    nums = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
    for x in nums:
        if x == 22 or x == 44:
            continue
        print(x)

    方案四、for+else

    names = ['egon', 'alexdsb', 'sb', 'dsb']
    for name in names:
        if name == 'alexdsb':
            break
        print(name)
    else:
        print('>>>>>>>>>>>')
    
    #有break ,else下面的print不执行。
    
    names = ['egon', 'alexdsb', 'sb', 'dsb']
    for name in names:
        if name == 'alexdsb':
            continue
        print(name)
    else:
        print('>>>>>>>>>>>')
    #如果无break,else下面的print执行。

    方案五、for+range()

    range的用法:

    >>> range(5)
    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> range(1,5)
    [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> range(1,5,2)
    [1, 3]
    >>> range(1,1)
    []
    >>>
    正规格式为range(1,5,2)
    表示:从1开始计数,每计数一次递增2,所以结果是[1,3]
    如果括号里只有一个数,代表(0,5,1),即从0开始计数,递增数为1.

    示例:

    for x in range(5):
        print(x)
    
    #结果:
    #0
    #1
    #2
    #3
    #4

    方案六、for循环嵌套

    for x in range(3):
        for y in range(3):
            print(x, y)
    '''
    结果
    0 0
    0 1
    0 2
    1 0
    1 1
    1 2
    2 0
    2 1
    2 2
    '''
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/suguangti/p/10574157.html
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