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  • zuul动态配置路由规则,从DB读取

    前面已经讲过zuul在application.yml里配置路由规则,将用户请求分发至不同微服务的例子。

    zuul作为一个网关,是用户请求的入口,担当鉴权、转发的重任,理应保持高可用性和具备动态配置的能力。

    我画了一个实际中可能使用的配置框架,如图。

    当用户发起请求后,首先通过并发能力强、能承担更多用户请求的负载均衡器进行第一步的负载均衡,将大量的请求分发至多个网关服务。这是分布式的第一步。如果是使用docker的话,并且使用rancher进行docker管理,那么可以很简单的使用rancher自带的负载均衡,创建HaProxy,将请求分发至多个Zuul的docker容器。使用多个zuul的原因即是避免单点故障,由于网关非常重要,尽量配置多个实例。

    然后在Zuul网关中,执行完自定义的网关职责后,将请求转发至另一个HaProxy负载的微服务集群,同样是避免微服务单点故障和性能瓶颈。

    最后由具体的微服务处理用户请求并返回结果。

    那么为什么要设置zuul的动态配置呢,因为网关其特殊性,我们不希望它重启再加载新的配置,而且如果能实时动态配置,我们就可以完成无感知的微服务迁移替换,在某种程度还可以完成服务降级的功能。

    zuul的动态配置也很简单,这里我们参考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039 并使用他的方法,从数据库读取配置信息,刷新配置。

    看实现类

    配置文件里我们可以不配置zuul的任何路由,全部交给数据库配置。

    package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config;

    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RefreshableRouteLocator;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.SimpleRouteLocator;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

    import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;

    public class CustomRouteLocator extends SimpleRouteLocator implements RefreshableRouteLocator {

    public final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomRouteLocator.class);

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    private ZuulProperties properties;

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
    this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public CustomRouteLocator(String servletPath, ZuulProperties properties) {
    super(servletPath, properties);
    this.properties = properties;
    logger.info("servletPath:{}", servletPath);
    }

    //父类已经提供了这个方法,这里写出来只是为了说明这一个方法很重要!!!
    // @Override
    // protected void doRefresh() {
    // super.doRefresh();
    // }


    @Override
    public void refresh() {
    doRefresh();
    }

    @Override
    protected Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() {
    LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    //从application.properties中加载路由信息
    routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes());
    //从db中加载路由信息
    routesMap.putAll(locateRoutesFromDB());
    //优化一下配置
    LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    for (Map.Entry<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) {
    String path = entry.getKey();
    // Prepend with slash if not already present.
    if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
    path = "/" + path;
    }
    if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) {
    path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path;
    if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
    path = "/" + path;
    }
    }
    values.put(path, entry.getValue());
    }
    return values;
    }

    private Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutesFromDB() {
    Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    List<ZuulRouteVO> results = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from gateway_api_define where enabled = true ", new
    BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(ZuulRouteVO.class));
    for (ZuulRouteVO result : results) {
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getPath()) ) {
    continue;
    }
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getServiceId()) && StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getUrl())) {
    continue;
    }
    ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute zuulRoute = new ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute();
    try {
    BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, zuulRoute);
    } catch (Exception e) {
    logger.error("=============load zuul route info from db with error==============", e);
    }
    routes.put(zuulRoute.getPath(), zuulRoute);
    }
    return routes;
    }

    public static class ZuulRouteVO {

    /**
    * The ID of the route (the same as its map key by default).
    */
    private String id;

    /**
    * The path (pattern) for the route, e.g. /foo/**.
    */
    private String path;

    /**
    * The service ID (if any) to map to this route. You can specify a physical URL or
    * a service, but not both.
    */
    private String serviceId;

    /**
    * A full physical URL to map to the route. An alternative is to use a service ID
    * and service discovery to find the physical address.
    */
    private String url;

    /**
    * Flag to determine whether the prefix for this route (the path, minus pattern
    * patcher) should be stripped before forwarding.
    */
    private boolean stripPrefix = true;

    /**
    * Flag to indicate that this route should be retryable (if supported). Generally
    * retry requires a service ID and ribbon.
    */
    private Boolean retryable;

    private Boolean enabled;

    public String getId() {
    return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
    }

    public String getPath() {
    return path;
    }

    public void setPath(String path) {
    this.path = path;
    }

    public String getServiceId() {
    return serviceId;
    }

    public void setServiceId(String serviceId) {
    this.serviceId = serviceId;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
    return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
    this.url = url;
    }

    public boolean isStripPrefix() {
    return stripPrefix;
    }

    public void setStripPrefix(boolean stripPrefix) {
    this.stripPrefix = stripPrefix;
    }

    public Boolean getRetryable() {
    return retryable;
    }

    public void setRetryable(Boolean retryable) {
    this.retryable = retryable;
    }

    public Boolean getEnabled() {
    return enabled;
    }

    public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled) {
    this.enabled = enabled;
    }
    }
    }


    package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

    @Configuration
    public class CustomZuulConfig {

    @Autowired
    ZuulProperties zuulProperties;
    @Autowired
    ServerProperties server;
    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Bean
    public CustomRouteLocator routeLocator() {
    CustomRouteLocator routeLocator = new CustomRouteLocator(this.server.getServletPrefix(), this.zuulProperties);
    routeLocator.setJdbcTemplate(jdbcTemplate);
    return routeLocator;
    }

    }

    下面的config类功能就是使用自定义的RouteLocator类,上面的类就是这个自定义类。
    里面主要是一个方法,locateRoutes方法,该方法就是zuul设置路由规则的地方,在方法里做了2件事,一是从application.yml读取配置的路由信息,二是从数据库里读取路由信息,所以数据库里需要一个各字段和ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute一样的表,存储路由信息,从数据库读取后添加到系统的Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>中。

    在实际的路由中,zuul就是按照Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>里的信息进行路由转发的。

    建表语句:

    create table `gateway_api_define` (
    `id` varchar(50) not null,
    `path` varchar(255) not null,
    `service_id` varchar(50) default null,
    `url` varchar(255) default null,
    `retryable` tinyint(1) default null,
    `enabled` tinyint(1) not null,
    `strip_prefix` int(11) default null,
    `api_name` varchar(255) default null,
    primary key (`id`)
    ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8


    INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('user', '/user/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8081', 1);
    INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('club', '/club/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8090', 1);
    通过上面的两个类,再结合前面几篇讲过的zuul的使用,就可以自行测试一下在数据库里配置的信息能否在zuul中生效了。

    数据库里的各字段分别对应原本在yml里配置的同名属性,如path,service_id,url等,等于把配置文件存到数据库里。

    至于修改数据库值信息后(增删改),让zuul动态生效需要借助于下面的方法

    package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.RoutesRefreshedEvent;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RouteLocator;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

    @Service
    public class RefreshRouteService {
    @Autowired
    ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;

    @Autowired
    RouteLocator routeLocator;

    public void refreshRoute() {
    RoutesRefreshedEvent routesRefreshedEvent = new RoutesRefreshedEvent(routeLocator);
    publisher.publishEvent(routesRefreshedEvent);
    }
    }
    可以定义一个Controller,在Controller里调用refreshRoute方法即可,zuul就会重新加载一遍路由信息,完成刷新功能。通过修改数据库,然后刷新,经测试是正常的。
    @RestController
    public class RefreshController {
    @Autowired
    RefreshRouteService refreshRouteService;
    @Autowired
    ZuulHandlerMapping zuulHandlerMapping;

    @GetMapping("/refreshRoute")
    public String refresh() {
    refreshRouteService.refreshRoute();
    return "refresh success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/watchRoute")
    public Object watchNowRoute() {
    //可以用debug模式看里面具体是什么
    Map<String, Object> handlerMap = zuulHandlerMapping.getHandlerMap();
    return handlerMap;
    }

    }


    参考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039,作者从源码角度讲解了动态配置的使用。
    ————————————————
    版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「天涯泪小武」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
    原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/tianyaleixiaowu/article/details/77933295

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/suizhikuo/p/14769505.html
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