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  • nodejs+websocket实时聊天系统

    介绍下websocket:

    webSocket协议本质上是一个基于tcp的协议;

    建立一个websocket连接,大体的过程:

    1.客户端浏览器首先向服务器发起一个http请求,这个请求和平常的请求有什么不同呢?

    多了一点附加头信息:"upgrade:web Socket” 表明我这申请的是一个websocket的http请求;

    2.服务器收到请求后,解析这些附加的头信息,然后产生应答信息返回给客户端,这样,连接就建立了;

    3.双方就可以通过这个连接通道自由的信息传递,这个连接会一直存在,直到一方自动关闭连接;

    客户端到服务端:
    
    GET /demo HTTP/1.1
    
    Host: example.com
    
    Connection: Upgrade
    
    Sec-WebSocket-Key2: 12998 5 Y3 1 .P00
    
    Upgrade: WebSocket
    
    Sec-WebSocket-Key1: 4@1 46546xW%0l 1 5
    
    Origin: http://example.com
    
    [8-byte security key]
    
     
    
    服务端到客户端:
    
    HTTP/1.1 101 WebSocket Protocol Handshake
    
    Upgrade: WebSocket
    
    Connection: Upgrade
    
    WebSocket-Origin: http://example.com
    
    WebSocket-Location: ws://example.com/demo
    
    [16-byte hash response]
    
     
    

    从客户端到服务端请求的信息里面包含:‘Sec-webSocket-key1","Sec-WebSocket-key2"和“[8-byte security key]”这样的信息;这是客户端浏览器需要向服务端提供的握手信息,服务端解析这些头信息,并且在握手的过程中依据这些信息生成一个16位的安全密钥并返回给客户端,以表明服务器端获取了客户端的请求;

    大致步骤:

    1.	逐个字符读取 Sec-WebSocket-Key1 头信息中的值,将数值型字符连接到一起放到一个临时字符串里,同时统计所有空格的数量;
    2.	将在第 1 步里生成的数字字符串转换成一个整型数字,然后除以第 1 步里统计出来的空格数量,将得到的浮点数转换成整数型;
    3.	将第 2 步里生成的整型值转换为符合网络传输的网络字节数组;
    4.	对 Sec-WebSocket-Key2 头信息同样进行第 1 到第 3 步的操作,得到另外一个网络字节数组;
    5.	将 [8-byte security key] 和在第 3,第 4 步里生成的网络字节数组合并成一个 16 字节的数组;
    6.	对第 5 步生成的字节数组使用 MD5 算法生成一个哈希值,这个哈希值就作为安全密钥返回给客户端,以表明服务器端获取了客户端的请求,同意创建 WebSocket 连接
    
     var  wsServer = 'ws://localhost:8888/Demo';  //连接地址
     var  websocket = new WebSocket(wsServer);   //建立连接
     websocket.onopen = function (evt) { onOpen(evt) };  //4个事件
     websocket.onclose = function (evt) { onClose(evt) }; 
     websocket.onmessage = function (evt) { onMessage(evt) }; 
     websocket.onerror = function (evt) { onError(evt) }; 
     function onOpen(evt) { 
     console.log("Connected to WebSocket server."); 
     } 
     function onClose(evt) { 
     console.log("Disconnected"); 
     } 
     function onMessage(evt) { 
     console.log('Retrieved data from server: ' + evt.data); 
     } 
     function onError(evt) { 
     console.log('Error occured: ' + evt.data); 
     }
    

       浏览器的支持情况:

    浏览器	支持情况
    Chrome	Supported in version 4+
    Firefox	Supported in version 4+
    Internet Explorer	Supported in version 10+
    Opera	Supported in version 10+
    Safari	Supported in version 5+
    

     正文来了:基于websocket制作的简单聊天系统;

    client.html:

     <style>
            .kuang {
                 600px;
                min-height: 50px;
                max-height: 296px;
                border: 1px solid;
                float: left;
                display: block;
                position: relative;
                overflow-y: scroll;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                  <div class="jumbotron  bg-dark">
                    <h1 class="jumbotron-heading">WebSocket chat,欢迎使用:</h1>
                  </div>
                <div class="input-group text-left">
                    <label>输入用户名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" />
                    <button id="conn">连接</button>
                    <button id="close">断开</button>
                </div>
                <div class="input-group text-muted">
                    <div class="kuang" id="mess"></div>
                </div>
             <hr class="featurette-divider">
                <div class="input-group text-left">
                    <input type="text" class="value" id="value1" />
                    <button id="send">发送</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    

     简单的界面,大致效果就是这样的:

    然后实现逻辑代码:

     var ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8082');
                    ws.onopen = function (e) {
                        console.log("连接服务器成功");
                    }
                    ws.onmessage = function (e) {
                        value1.removeAttribute("readOnly");
                        var time = new Date();
                        mess.innerHTML += time.toUTCString() + ":" + e.data + "<br>";
                        document.getElementById("send").onclick = function (e) {
                            ws.send(input.value + "说:" + value1.value);
                            value1.value = " ";
                        }
                        document.onkeydown = function (e) {
                            e = e || window.event;
                            if (e.keyCode == 13) {
                                document.getElementById("send").onclick();
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    ws.onclose = function (e) {
                        console.log("服务器关闭");
                    }
                    ws.onerror = function () {
                        console.log("连接出错");
                    }
    

     连接地址:ws://127.0.0.1:8082  那是哪里来的呢?  (注意http请求则是写成http://xxx,https请求则是https://xxx;ws当然是ws://xxx);

    wbsocket只是客服端,地址当然是从我们的服务端给的呀;

    服务端的搭建采用了一个这样的库:

    nodejs-websocket
     
    1.npm isntall -g nodejs-websocket
    2.在js页面引入它 
    var ws = require("nodejs-websocket");
    3.创建一个服务
    var server = ws.createServer(function (conn) {
        conn.on('text', function (str) {
        })
    
        conn.on("close", function (code, reason) {
            console.log("关闭连接");
        })
        conn.on("error", function (code, reason) {
            console.log("异常关闭");
        });
    }).listen(8082);
    console.log("websocket连接完毕")
    

     好了,websocket连接算是建立啦!

    下面展示下具体代码:

    client.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Document</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
        <script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
        <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
        <style>
            .kuang {
                 600px;
                min-height: 50px;
                max-height: 296px;
                border: 1px solid;
                float: left;
                display: block;
                position: relative;
                overflow-y: scroll;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                  <div class="jumbotron  bg-dark">
                    <h1 class="jumbotron-heading">WebSocket chat,欢迎使用:</h1>
                  </div>
                <div class="input-group text-left">
                    <label>输入用户名:</label>
                    <input type="text" id="name" />
                    <button id="conn">连接</button>
                    <button id="close">断开</button>
                </div>
                <div class="input-group text-muted">
                    <div class="kuang" id="mess"></div>
                </div>
             <hr class="featurette-divider">
                <div class="input-group text-left">
                    <input type="text" class="value" id="value1" />
                    <button id="send">发送</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <script>
            var input = document.getElementById("name");
            var conn = document.getElementById("conn");
            var close = document.getElementById("close");
            var mess = document.getElementById("mess");
            var value1 = document.getElementById("value1");
            var pattern = /^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{2,10}$/;
            close.disabled = true;
            if (window.WebSocket) {
                conn.onclick = function () {
                    if (!pattern.test(input.value)) {
                        alert("名称不能为空且必须为中文");
                        return;
                    }
                    var ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8082');
                    conn.disabled = true;
                    close.disabled = false;
                    ws.onopen = function (e) {
                        console.log("连接服务器成功");
                        ws.send(input.value);
                        input.setAttribute("readOnly", 'true');
                        value1.setAttribute("readOnly", 'true');
                    }
                    ws.onmessage = function (e) {
                        value1.removeAttribute("readOnly");
                        var time = new Date();
                        mess.innerHTML += time.toUTCString() + ":" + e.data + "<br>";
                        document.getElementById("send").onclick = function (e) {
                            ws.send(input.value + "说:" + value1.value);
                            value1.value = " ";
                        }
                        document.onkeydown = function (e) {
                            e = e || window.event;
                            if (e.keyCode == 13) {
                                document.getElementById("send").onclick();
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    ws.onclose = function (e) {
                        console.log("服务器关闭");
                    }
                    ws.onerror = function () {
                        console.log("连接出错");
                    }
    
                    close.onclick = function () {
                        ws.onclose();
                        ws.send(input.value + 'close' + "了连接");
                        input.removeAttribute("readOnly");
                        conn.disabled = false;
                        close.disabled = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        </script>
    </body>
    
    </html>
    

     server.js

    var ws = require("nodejs-websocket");
    console.log("开始建立连接...");
    var str1 = null, str2 = null, clientReady = false, serverReady = false;
    var a = [];
    var server = ws.createServer(function (conn) {
        conn.on('text', function (str) {
              a.push(str);
            if (!clientReady) {
                if (a[0] === str) {
                    str1 = conn;
                    clientReady = true;
                    str1.sendText("欢迎你" + str);
                    
                }
            } else if (!serverReady) {
                if (str.indexOf('close') >= 0) {    
                         a.splice(2,1);
                         clientReady = false;
                         str1=null;   
                         return;
                    }
                if (a[1] === str) {
                    str2 = conn;
                    serverReady = true;
                    str2.sendText("欢迎你" + str);
                    str1.sendText(str + "在线啦,你们可以聊天啦");
                    return;
                } 
            } else if (clientReady && serverReady) {
                    str2.sendText(str);
                    str1.sendText(str);
                    if (str.indexOf('close') >= 0) {
                        a.splice(2, a.length);
                        var len = a.length;
                        for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                            // 定位该元素位置
                            if (str.indexOf(a[i])>=0) {     
                               a.splice(i,1);
                               if(i==0){
                                   str1=str2;
                               }
                               serverReady = false; 
                               str2=null;
                               return;
                            }
                          
                        } 
                    }
                }  
                
                
        })
    
        conn.on("close", function (code, reason) {
            console.log("关闭连接");
            clientReady = false;
            serverReady = false;
        })
        conn.on("error", function (code, reason) {
            console.log("异常关闭");
        });
    }).listen(8082);
    console.log("websocket连接完毕")
    
    

     实现双人聊天,client.html开启两个窗口就行!

     详细代码在github上:

     https://github.com/sulishibaobei/websocket-
     
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sulishibaobei/p/6872132.html
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