1 自定义标签
这是我的模板项目目录
![](file:///C:/Users/mao/AppData/Local/Temp/Wiz/f9ae186b-e8d3-408e-add9-897936ef1b9c_128_files/36745536.png)
既然想像 android:text 那样使用自己的标签,那么首先得有标签。
在 res/values/ 下我新建了个
mm_tag.xml (切记不可出现大写,只能是 小写字母、数字、下划线)
第一步: 自定义 标签
mm_tag.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <declare-styleable name="GridItem"> <attr name="bkground" format="reference|color"/> <attr name="text1" format="string"/> <attr name="text2" format="string"/> <attr name="image" format="reference|integer"/> </declare-styleable> </resources>
format 参考:
1. reference:参考某一资源ID
2. color:颜色值
3. boolean:布尔值
4. dimension:尺寸值
5. float:浮点值
6. integer:整型值
7. string:字符串
8. fraction:百分数
9. enum:枚举值
//属性定义: < declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "orientation" > <enum name = "horizontal" value = "0" /> <enum name = "vertical" value = "1" /> </attr> </ declare -styleable> //属性使用: <LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" > </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算
//属性定义: < declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "windowSoftInputMode" > <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> </attr> </ declare -styleable> //属性使用: <activity android: name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden" > <intent-filter> < action android: name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android: name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity>
11.注意:属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
//属性定义: < declare -styleable name = "名称" > <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> </ declare -styleable> //属性使用: <ImageView android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android: background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" />
第二步: 在自定义组件中获得标签传回的数据
比如我们在布局中使用自定义组件 GridItem:
首先 声明好 标签的命名空间
xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template" //对比下 android 的命名空间: xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
发现只有 res/后面的不同, com.mm.template 是我的应用程序包名,通过 上文中的 项目目录图片可以看出来,
griditem 是我随便想的一个命名空间的名字。
接下来就是使用自定义组件
< com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/orange" griditem:text1 = "Android" griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />
其中 用到了我们的自定义标签:
griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1" griditem:bkground = "@color/orange" griditem:text1 = "Android" griditem:text2 = "手机开发"
怎么获取标签传回的数据呢呢?
在自定义组件 GridItem 的实现代码中使用如下方法即可
public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem); bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood); text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1); text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2); image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image); typedarray.recycle(); view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true); layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout); textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1); textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2); imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview); layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color); //设置背景色 textview1.setText(text1); //设置第一行文字 textview2.setText(text2); //设置第二行文字 imageview.setImageDrawable(image); //设置图标 }
即可获得 我们自定义标签传过来的数据,并且正确的在界面中显示出来。
下面我将结合自定义 组件 GridItem 来一起讲。
2 自定义组件
我想实现一个组件,类似于这样的
![](file:///C:/Users/mao/AppData/Local/Temp/Wiz/f9ae186b-e8d3-408e-add9-897936ef1b9c_128_files/37809010.png)
方法有很多种,自定义布局即可,现在我想让它以组件的形式在 布局中直接 像 TextView 一样使用,
![](file:///C:/Users/mao/AppData/Local/Temp/Wiz/f9ae186b-e8d3-408e-add9-897936ef1b9c_128_files/37830585.png)
那么就用到自定义组件。
下面我将实现一个自定义组件 GridItem 实现。
一般都是继承于 Layout(我用继承于View时出现问题 ~~!)
GridItem.java
package com.mm.template; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; public class GridItem extends LinearLayout { private int bk_color; //背景色 private String text1; //第一行文字 private String text2; //第二行文字 private Drawable image; //图标 private LinearLayout layout; private TextView textview1; private TextView textview2; private ImageView imageview; private View view; public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem); bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood); text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1); text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2); image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image); typedarray.recycle(); view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true); layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout); textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1); textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2); imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview); layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color); //设置背景色 textview1.setText(text1); //设置第一行文字 textview2.setText(text2); //设置第二行文字 imageview.setImageDrawable(image); //设置图标 } }
这个自定义组件 GridItem 用到的布局文件
mm_grid_item.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android: id = "@+id/item_layout" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:orientation = "vertical" android: background = "@color/black" android:padding = "3dp" android:paddingLeft = "6dp" tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription" > < TextView android: id = "@+id/text1" android:layout_weight = "1" style = "@style/MM_TextView" /> < TextView android: id = "@+id/text2" android:layout_weight = "1" android:textSize = "12sp" style = "@style/MM_TextView" /> < ImageView android: id = "@+id/imageview" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_gravity = "right" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1" android:layout_weight = "2" android:layout_marginTop = "10dp" android:scaleType = "fitCenter" /> <!--图片缩放 android:scaleX="0.8" android:scaleY="0.8" --> </ LinearLayout >
3 使用方法
在 main_layout.xml (我的主布局文件)中使用
< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: background = "@color/white" android:orientation = "vertical" tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription,NestedWeights" > <!-- Head start --> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "44dp" android:orientation = "horizontal" android:padding = "10dp" android: background = "@color/red" > < ImageView android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1" /> < TextView android:layout_width = "0dp" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:layout_weight = "1" android:gravity = "center" android: text = "测试案例" android:textStyle = "bold" android:textSize = "16sp" android:textColor = "@android:color/white" /> < ImageView android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_2" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- Head end --> <!-- Search start--> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "36dp" android:orientation = "vertical" android:paddingTop = "3dp" android:layout_margin = "8dp" > < EditText android: id = "@+id/search_edit" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:drawableLeft = "@drawable/mm_search" android: background = "@drawable/mm_shape_editview" android:hint = "请输入关键字" android:textSize = "16sp" android:textColorHint = "@color/darkgray" android:textStyle = "bold" android:padding = "6dp" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- Search end --> <!-- GridItem start --> < LinearLayout android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_weight = "1" android:orientation = "horizontal" android:layout_margin = "10dp" > < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/orange" griditem:text1 = "Android" griditem:text2 = "手机开发" /> < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_2" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/blueviolet" griditem:text1 = "C++" griditem:text2 = "编程语言" /> < com.mm.template.GridItem griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_3" android:padding = "5dp" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight = "1" griditem:bkground = "@color/blue" griditem:text1 = "服务端" griditem:text2 = "后台开发" /> </ LinearLayout > <!-- GridItem end --> </ LinearLayout >
也就是 <com /> 标签为我们自定义的 GridItem 组件。
4 结果展示
![](file:///C:/Users/mao/AppData/Local/Temp/Wiz/f9ae186b-e8d3-408e-add9-897936ef1b9c_128_files/37354018.png)
注:转载请注明出处 :) 毕竟代码是一个一个敲出来的啊,O(∩_∩)O~