前言：
- 环境配置：windows64、python3.4
- requests库基本操作：
1、安装：pip install requests
2、功能：使用 requests 发送网络请求，可以实现跟浏览器一样发送各种HTTP请求来获取网站的数据。
3、命令集操作：
import requests # 导入requests模块
r = requests.get("https://api.github.com/events") # 获取某个网页
# 设置超时，在timeout设定的秒数时间后停止等待响应
r2 = requests.get("https://api.github.com/events", timeout=0.001)
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r1 = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(r.url) # 打印输出url
print(r.text) # 读取服务器响应的内容
print(r.encoding) # 获取当前编码
print(r.content) # 以字节的方式请求响应体
print(r.status_code) # 获取响应状态码
print(r.status_code == requests.codes.ok) # 使用内置的状态码查询对象
print(r.headers) # 以一个python字典形式展示的服务器响应头
print(r.headers['content-type']) # 大小写不敏感，使用任意形式访问这些响应头字段
print(r.history) # 是一个response对象的列表
print(type(r)) # 返回请求类型
- BeautifulSoup4库基本操作：
1、安装：pip install BeautifulSoup4
2、功能：Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库。
3、命令集操作：
1 import requests 2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
3 html_doc = """ 4 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 5 <body> 6 <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 7 8 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 9 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>, 10 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and 11 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; 12 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> 13 14 <p class="story">...</p> 15 """ 16 17 ss = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"html.parser") 18 print (ss.prettify()) #按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出 19 print(ss.title) # <title>The Dormouse's story</title> 20 print(ss.title.name) #title 21 print(ss.title.string) #The Dormouse's story 22 print(ss.title.parent.name) #head 23 print(ss.p) #<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 24 print(ss.p['class']) #['title'] 25 print(ss.a) #<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a> 26 print(ss.find_all("a")) #[。。。] 29 print(ss.find(id = "link3")) #<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a> 30 31 for link in ss.find_all("a"): 32 print(link.get("link")) #获取文档中所有<a>标签的链接 33 34 print(ss.get_text()) #从文档中获取所有文字内容
1 import requests 2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 3 4 html_doc = """ 5 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 6 <body> 7 <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 8 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 9 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>, 10 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and 11 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; 12 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> 13 14 <p class="story">...</p> 15 """
16 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser') # 声明BeautifulSoup对象 17 find = soup.find('p') # 使用find方法查到第一个p标签 18 print("find's return type is ", type(find)) # 输出返回值类型 19 print("find's content is", find) # 输出find获取的值 20 print("find's Tag Name is ", find.name) # 输出标签的名字 21 print("find's Attribute(class) is ", find['class']) # 输出标签的class属性值 22 23 print(find.string) # 获取标签中的文本内容 24 25 markup = "<b><!--Hey, buddy. Want to buy a used parser?--></b>" 26 soup1 = BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser") 27 comment = soup1.b.string 28 print(type(comment)) # 获取注释中内容
- 小试牛刀：
1 import requests 2 import io 3 import sys 4 sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer,encoding='gb18030') #改变标准输出的默认编码 5 6 r = requests.get('https://unsplash.com') #像目标url地址发送get请求，返回一个response对象 7 8 print(r.text) #r.text是http response的网页HTML
参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/u012662731/article/details/78537432
http://www.cnblogs.com/Albert-Lee/p/6276847.html
https://blog.csdn.net/enohtzvqijxo00atz3y8/article/details/78748531