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  • ReentrantReadWriteLock实现原理

      在java并发包java.util.concurrent中,除了重入锁ReentrantLock外,读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock也很常用。在实际开发场景中,在使用共享资源时,可能读操作远远多于写操作。这种情况下,如果对这部分共享资源能够让多个线程读的时候不受阻塞,仅仅在写的时候保证安全性,这样效率会得到显著提升。读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock便适用于这种场景。

      再描述一下进入读锁和写锁的条件。

      进入读锁: 

          1.没有其他线程的写锁

          2.有写请求且请求线程就是持有锁的线程

      进入写锁:

          1.没有其他线程读锁

          2.没有其他线程写锁

      本篇从源码方面,简要分析ReentrantReadWriteLock的实现原理,以及展示一下它的使用效果。

    源码

      这是ReentrantReadWriteLock维护的一对锁

    /** Inner class providing readlock */
        private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
        /** Inner class providing writelock */
        private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;

      

      ReentrantReadWriteLock的构造器中,同时实例化读写锁,同时与ReentrantLock相同,也有公平锁和非公平锁之分

    public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
            sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
            readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
            writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
        }

    写锁

      获取锁

    public void lock() {
                sync.acquire(1);
            }
    //这里与ReentrantLock相同
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
            if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
                acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
                selfInterrupt();
        }
    
    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
                Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
                int c = getState();
                int w = exclusiveCount(c);
                if (c != 0) {
                    // (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
                    if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                        return false;
                    if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
                        throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                    // Reentrant acquire
                    setState(c + acquires);
                    return true;
                }
                if (writerShouldBlock() ||
                    !compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
                    return false;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                return true;
            }

      这里解析tryAcquire()方法。

    • 获取当前线程
    • 获取状态
    • 获取写线程数
    • 若state不为0,表示锁已被持有。再判断,如果写线程数为0,则读锁被占用,返回false;如果写线程数不为0,且独占线程不是当前线程,表示写锁被其他线程占用没返回false
    • 如果写锁重入数大于最大值MAX_COUNT,抛错
    • 写锁重入,返回true
    • state为0,根据公平锁还是非公平锁判断是否阻塞线程。不需要阻塞就CAS更新state
    • 当前线程设为独占线程,获取写锁,返回true

      释放锁

    public void unlock() {
                sync.release(1);
            }
    
    public final boolean release(int arg) {
            if (tryRelease(arg)) {
                Node h = head;
                if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                    unparkSuccessor(h);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
    protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
                if (!isHeldExclusively())
                    throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
                int nextc = getState() - releases;
                boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
                if (free)
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
                setState(nextc);
                return free;
            }

      分析tryRelease()方法

    • 判断持有写锁的线程是否当前线程,不是则抛错
    • state减1
    • 以新state计算写锁数量,如果为0,表示完全释放;
    • 完全释放就设置独占线程为null
    • 如果独占线程数量不是0,还是更新state,这里就表示多次重入写锁后,释放了一次

    读锁

      获取锁

    public void lock() {
                sync.acquireShared(1);
            }
    
    public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
            if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
                doAcquireShared(arg);
        }
    
    protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
                Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
                int c = getState();
                if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
                    getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
                    return -1;
                int r = sharedCount(c);
                if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
                    r < MAX_COUNT &&
                    compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
                    if (r == 0) {
                        firstReader = current;
                        firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
                    } else if (firstReader == current) {
                        firstReaderHoldCount++;
                    } else {
                        HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                        if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                            cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
                        else if (rh.count == 0)
                            readHolds.set(rh);
                        rh.count++;
                    }
                    return 1;
                }
                return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
            }

      这里分析tryAcquireShared()方法

    • 获取当前线程
    • 获取state
    • 如果写锁数量不为0,且独占线程不是本线程,获得读锁失败。因为写锁被其他线程占用
    • 获取读锁数量
    • 根据公平锁或者非公平锁判断是否应该被阻塞,判断读锁数量是否小于最大值MAX_COUNT,再尝试CAS更新state
    • 以上判断都通过且更新state也成功后,如果读锁为0,记录第一个读线程和此线程占用读锁数量
    • 如果第一个读线程是本线程,表示此时是读锁的重入,则把此线程占用读锁数量+1
    • 如果读锁数量不为0,且此线程也不是第一个读线程,则找到当前线程的计数器,并计数+1
    • 如果在阻塞判断,读锁数量判断和CAS更新是否成功这部分没有通过,则进入fullTryAcquireShared()方法,逻辑与上面的获取类似,以无限循环方式保证操作成功,不赘述。

    释放锁

      

    public void unlock() {
                sync.releaseShared(1);
            }
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
            if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
                doReleaseShared();
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
    protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
                Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
                if (firstReader == current) {
                    // assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
                    if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
                        firstReader = null;
                    else
                        firstReaderHoldCount--;
                } else {
                    HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                    if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                        rh = readHolds.get();
                    int count = rh.count;
                    if (count <= 1) {
                        readHolds.remove();
                        if (count <= 0)
                            throw unmatchedUnlockException();
                    }
                    --rh.count;
                }
                for (;;) {
                    int c = getState();
                    int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
                    if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                        // Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
                        // but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
                        // both read and write locks are now free.
                        return nextc == 0;
                }
            }

      分析tryReleaseShared()方法

    • 获取当前线程
    • 如果当前线程是第一个读线程,则释放firstReader或者第一个读线程的锁计数-1
    • 不是就获得当前线程的计数器。根据计数选择删除此计数器或者减少计数
    • 无限循环更新state  

    获取锁和释放锁的源码部分代码就分析放到这里,接下来用代码时间看看ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用效果测试。

    public class ReadWriteLockTest {
        private static ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
        private static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //读操作
        public static void read(){
            try {
           //加读锁 readWriteLock.readLock().
    lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is reading " + System.currentTimeMillis()); Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e){ }finally { readWriteLock.readLock().unlock(); } } //写操作 public static void write() { try {
           //加写锁 readWriteLock.writeLock().
    lock(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is writing "+ System.currentTimeMillis()); Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e){ }finally { readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { ReadWriteLockTest.read(); } }); } for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { ReadWriteLockTest.write(); } }); } } }

      执行结果如下:

    pool-1-thread-2 is reading 1549002279198
    pool-1-thread-1 is reading 1549002279198
    pool-1-thread-3 is reading 1549002279198
    pool-1-thread-4 is writing 1549002280208
    pool-1-thread-5 is writing 1549002281214
    pool-1-thread-6 is writing 1549002282224
    

      可以看到,thread1,2,3在读时,是同时执行。thread4,5,6在写操作是,都差不多间隔1000毫秒。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunshine-ground-poems/p/10345723.html
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