前传:
1、CentOS 7.3.1611系统安装配置图解教程
http://www.jb51.net/os/RedHat/597874.html
2、CentOS服务器初始化设置
http://www.jb51.net/article/133839.htm
准备篇
一、防火墙配置
CentOS 7.x默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙,这里改为iptables防火墙。
1、关闭firewall:
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
2、安装iptables防火墙
yum install iptables-services #安装
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑防火墙配置文件
# sample configuration for iptables service
# you can edit this manually or use system-config-firewall
# please do not ask us to add additional ports/services to this default configuration
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
:wq! #保存退出
systemctl restart iptables.service #最后重启防火墙使配置生效
systemctl enable iptables.service #设置防火墙开机启动
/usr/libexec/iptables/iptables.init restart #重启防火墙
二、关闭SELINUX
vi /etc/selinux/config
#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉
SELINUX=disabled #增加
:wq! #保存退出
setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效
三 、系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置:/usr/local/软件名字
四、下载软件包
1、下载nginx
http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
2、下载MySQL
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.16.tar.gz
3、下载php
http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.2.tar.gz
4、下载cmake(MySQL编译工具)
https://cmake.org/files/v3.7/cmake-3.7.2.tar.gz
5、下载pcre (支持nginx伪静态)
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.40.tar.gz
6、下载openssl(nginx扩展)
https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
7、下载zlib(nginx扩展)
http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
8、下载libmcrypt(php扩展)
https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
9、下载yasm(php扩展)
http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
10、t1lib(php扩展)
http://download.freenas.org/distfiles/t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz
11、下载gd库安装包
https://github.com/libgd/libgd/releases/download/gd-2.1.1/libgd-2.1.1.tar.gz
12、libvpx(gd库需要)
https://codeload.github.com/webmproject/libvpx/tar.gz/v1.3.0
13、tiff(gd库需要)
http://download.osgeo.org/libtiff/tiff-4.0.7.tar.gz
14、libpng(gd库需要)
ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/libpng/png/src/libpng16/libpng-1.6.28.tar.gz
15、freetype(gd库需要)
http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.7.1.tar.gz
16、jpegsrc(gd库需要)
http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v9b.tar.gz
17、Boost(编译mysql需要)
https://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
以上软件包上传到/usr/local/src目录
五、安装编译工具及库文件(使用yum命令安装)
yum install -y apr* autoconf automake bison bzip2 bzip2* cloog-ppl compat* cpp curl curl-devel fontconfig fontconfig-devel freetype freetype* freetype-devel gcc gcc-c++ gtk+-devel gd gettext gettext-devel glibc kernel kernel-headers keyutils keyutils-libs-devel krb5-devel libcom_err-devel libpng libpng-devel libjpeg* libsepol-devel libselinux-devel libstdc++-devel libtool* libgomp libxml2 libxml2-devel libXpm* libxml* libXaw-devel libXmu-devel libtiff libtiff* make mpfr ncurses* ntp openssl openssl-devel patch pcre-devel perl php-common php-gd policycoreutils telnet t1lib t1lib* nasm nasm* wget zlib-devel
安装篇
以下是用putty工具远程登录到服务器,在命令行下面操作的
一、安装MySQL
1、安装cmake
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf cmake-3.7.2.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.7.2
./configure
make
make install
2、安装MySQL
cd /usr/local/src
mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
cp boost_1_59_0.tar.gz /usr/local/boost
groupadd mysql #添加mysql组
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false #创建用户mysql并加入到mysql组,不允许mysql用户直接登录系统
mkdir -p /data/mysql #创建MySQL数据库存放目录
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql #设置MySQL数据库存放目录权限
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql #创建MySQL安装目录
cd /usr/local/src #进入软件包存放目录
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.16.tar.gz #解压
cd mysql-5.7.16 #进入目录
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
注意:可以使用-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost参数在线安装boost软件包,需要服务器联网,容易下载失败。
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
make #编译
make install #安装
编译出错, 重新编译前要删除编译失败的文件,重新编译时,需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。
make clean
rm -f CMakeCache.txt
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf #删除系统默认的配置文件(如果默认没有就不用删除)
cd /usr/local/mysql #进入MySQL安装目录
./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql #生成mysql系统数据库
--initialize表示默认生成密码, --initialize-insecure 表示不生成密码, 密码为空。
看到这一行[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i>X18*=Rav=7
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf #添加到/etc目录的软连接
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限
chkconfig mysqld on #加入开机启动
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #编辑
basedir=/usr/local/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径
datadir=/data/mysql #MySQl数据库存放目录
:wq! #保存退出
service mysqld start #启动
vi /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量:在最后添加下面这一行
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
:wq! #保存退出
source /etc/profile #使配置立刻生效
下面这两行把myslq的库文件链接到系统默认的位置,这样你在编译类似PHP等软件时可以不用指定mysql的库文件地址。
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
mkdir /var/lib/mysql #创建目录
ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #添加软链接
mysql_secure_installation #修改Mysql密码,输入之前生成的密CSJlm3DyTG.d回车,根据提示操作。
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y #是否安装密码安全插件?选择y
There are three levels of password validation policy: #有以下几种密码强度选择
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 0 #选择0,只要8位数字即可,选1要有大写,小写,特殊字符等
UNINSTALL PLUGIN validate_password ; #卸载密码强度插件
use mysql;
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ; #登录mysql控制台修改
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password AS '123456'; #修改密码
二、安装Nginx
1、安装pcre
cd /usr/local/src
mkdir /usr/local/pcre
tar zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.40
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make
make install
2、安装openssl
cd /usr/local/src
mkdir /usr/local/openssl
tar zxvf openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.0e
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make
make install
vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/openssl/bin
:wq!
source /etc/profile
3、安装zlib
cd /usr/local/src
mkdir /usr/local/zlib
tar zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make
make install
4、安装Nginx
groupadd www
useradd -g www www -s /bin/false
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.10.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.0e --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.40
注意:--with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.0e --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.40指向的是源码包解压的路径,而不是安装的路径,否则会报错
make
make install
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动Nginx
设置nginx开机启动
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #编辑启动文件添加下面内容
1 ############################################################ 2 3 #!/bin/sh 4 5 # 6 7 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon 8 9 # 10 11 # chkconfig: - 85 15 12 13 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse 14 15 # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server 16 17 # processname: nginx 18 19 # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 20 21 # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 22 23 # pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid 24 25 # Source function library. 26 27 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 28 29 # Source networking configuration. 30 31 . /etc/sysconfig/network 32 33 # Check that networking is up. 34 35 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 36 37 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 38 39 prog=$(basename $nginx) 40 41 NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 42 43 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx 44 45 lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx 46 47 make_dirs() { 48 49 # make required directories 50 51 user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g' -` 52 53 if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then 54 55 useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user 56 57 fi 58 59 options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` 60 61 for opt in $options; do 62 63 if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then 64 65 value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` 66 67 if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then 68 69 # echo "creating" $value 70 71 mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value 72 73 fi 74 75 fi 76 77 done 78 79 } 80 81 start() { 82 83 [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 84 85 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 86 87 make_dirs 88 89 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 90 91 daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 92 93 retval=$? 94 95 echo 96 97 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile 98 99 return $retval 100 101 } 102 103 stop() { 104 105 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 106 107 killproc $prog -QUIT 108 109 retval=$? 110 111 echo 112 113 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile 114 115 return $retval 116 117 } 118 119 restart() { 120 121 #configtest || return $? 122 123 stop 124 125 sleep 1 126 127 start 128 129 } 130 131 reload() { 132 133 #configtest || return $? 134 135 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 136 137 killproc $nginx -HUP 138 139 RETVAL=$? 140 141 echo 142 143 } 144 145 force_reload() { 146 147 restart 148 149 } 150 151 configtest() { 152 153 $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 154 155 } 156 157 rh_status() { 158 159 status $prog 160 161 } 162 163 rh_status_q() { 164 165 rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 166 167 } 168 169 case "$1" in 170 171 start) 172 173 rh_status_q && exit 0 174 175 $1 176 177 ;; 178 179 stop) 180 181 rh_status_q || exit 0 182 183 $1 184 185 ;; 186 187 restart|configtest) 188 189 $1 190 191 ;; 192 193 reload) 194 195 rh_status_q || exit 7 196 197 $1 198 199 ;; 200 201 force-reload) 202 203 force_reload 204 205 ;; 206 207 status) 208 209 rh_status 210 211 ;; 212 213 condrestart|try-restart) 214 215 rh_status_q || exit 0 216 217 ;; 218 219 *) 220 221 echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" 222 223 exit 2 224 225 esac 226 227 ############################################################
:wq! #保存退出
chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限
chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重启
在浏览器中打开服务器IP地址,会看到下面的界面,说明Nginx安装成功。
三、安装php
1、安装yasm
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd yasm-1.3.0
./configure
make
make install
2、安装libmcrypt
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make
make install
3、安装libvpx
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf libvpx-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd libvpx-1.3.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libvpx --enable-shared --enable-vp9
make
make install
4、安装tiff
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf tiff-4.0.7.tar.gz
cd tiff-4.0.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tiff --enable-shared
make
make install
5、安装libpng
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf libpng-1.6.28.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.6.28
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng --enable-shared
make
make install
6、安装freetype
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf freetype-2.7.1.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.7.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype --enable-shared
make
make install
7、安装jpeg
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v9b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-9b
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg --enable-shared
make
make install
8、安装libgd
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf libgd-2.1.1.tar.gz
cd libgd-2.1.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libgd --enable-shared --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg --with-png=/usr/local/libpng --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype --with-fontconfig=/usr/local/freetype --with-xpm=/usr/lib64 --with-tiff=/usr/local/tiff --with-vpx=/usr/local/libvpx
make
make install
说明:如果libgd编译失败,可以先跳过,直接使用系统默认的2.1.0版本,在编译php的时候把参数--with-gd=/usr/local/libgd修改为--with-gd即可。
9、安装t1lib
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz
cd t1lib-5.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/t1lib --enable-shared
make without_doc
make install
10、安装php
注意:如果系统是64位,请执行以下两条命令,否则安装php会出错。
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libltdl.so* /usr/lib/
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libXpm.so* /usr/lib/
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zvxf php-7.1.2.tar.gz
cd php-7.1.2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/libgd/lib
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd=/usr/local/libgd --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-xpm-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib --with-iconv --enable-libxml --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-opcache --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --enable-ctype --enable-mysqlnd
make #编译
make install #安装
说明:如果提示libgd版本错误,把php编译参数--with-gd=/usr/local/libgd修改为--with-gd即可。
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #复制php配置文件到安装目录
rm -rf /etc/php.ini #删除系统自带配置文件
ln -s /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #添加软链接到 /etc目录
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝模板文件为php-fpm配置文件
ln -s /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php-fpm.conf #添加软连接到 /etc目录
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf #编辑
pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分号
:wq! #保存退出
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf #编辑
user = www #设置php-fpm运行账号为www
group = www #设置php-fpm运行组为www
设置 php-fpm开机启动
cp /usr/local/src/php-7.1.2/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷贝php-fpm到启动目录
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限
chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机启动
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #编辑配置文件
找到:disable_functions =
修改为:disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname
#列出PHP可以禁用的函数,如果某些程序需要用到这个函数,可以删除,取消禁用。
找到:;date.timezone =
修改为:date.timezone = PRC #设置时区
找到:expose_php = On
修改为:expose_php = Off #禁止显示php版本的信息
找到:short_open_tag = Off
修改为:short_open_tag = ON #支持php短标签
找到opcache.enable=0
修改为opcache.enable=1 #php支持opcode缓存
找到:;opcache.enable_cli=1 #php支持opcode缓存
修改为:opcache.enable_cli=0
在最后一行添加:zend_extension=opcache.so #开启opcode缓存功能
:wq! #保存退出
配置nginx支持php
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件,需做如下修改
user www www; #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www;必须与/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同,否则php运行出错
index index.html index.htm index.php; #添加index.php
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#取消FastCGI server部分location的注释,注意fastcgi_param行的参数,改为$document_root$fastcgi_script_name,或者使用绝对路径
/etc/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx
service php-fpm start #启动php-fpm
测试篇
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ #进入nginx默认网站根目录
rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/* #删除默认测试页
vi index.php #新建index.php文件
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
:wq! #保存退出
chown www.www /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录所有者
chmod 700 /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录权限
在浏览器中打开服务器IP地址,会看到下面的界面
至此,CentOS 7.3.1611编译安装Nginx1.10.3+MySQL5.7.16+PHP7.1.2教程完成。