mysql导入数据之乱码分析及解决办法

乱码有很多种情况引起，不过通常情况都是由于各种编码不一致问题导致，今天遇到的乱码问题是：文件编码和数据库连接编码不一致的问题导致，由于要添加初始化数据，批量执行，采用source命令，

root@(none) 03:14:49>use test
Database changed
root@test 03:14:53>show create table rule\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: rule
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `rule` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增主键',
  `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '规则名，如：分享',     
  `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '状态',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;
root@test 03:15:06>show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                              | 
| character_set_connection | gbk                              | 
| character_set_database   | gbk                              | 
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           | 
| character_set_results    | gbk                              | 
| character_set_server     | gbk                              | 
| character_set_system     | utf8                             | 
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 03:17:14>

可以看到客户端连接进来的编码方式是gbk,当我直接使用

root@(none) 03:19:02>source a.sql;

root@test 03:20:45>select * from rule;
+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+

| id | name          | status |

+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+
|  1 | 娴囨按             |      0 |

|  2 | 鍏虫敞鎺屾煖鎺ㄦ帹 |        0 |

+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 03:20:46>

乱码，为什么？我客户端的连接，表的编码格式是一样的！！

再看下a.sql的编码方式：

$file a.sql
a.sql: UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF line terminators

文件是utf8编码，再运行下看看：

root@test 02:35:36>set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@test 02:35:57>truncate table rule;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@test 02:36:04>source a.sql;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
root@test 02:36:08>select * from rule; 
+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+
| id |  name          | status |
+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+
|  1 | 娴囨按             |      0 | 
|  2 | 鍏虫敞鎺屾煖鎺ㄦ帹 |      0 | 
+----+--------------------+--------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 02:36:10>set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@test 02:36:23>select * from rule;
+----+--------------+--------------------------------+
| id | name    | status |
+----+--------------+--------------------------------+
|  1 | 灌水         |     0 |
|  2 | 打酱油       |     0 | 
+----+--------------+--------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@test 02:36:25>