Python3 内置http.client,urllib.request及三方库requests发送请求对比

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HTTP,GET请求,无参

GET http://httpbin.org/get

Python3 http.client

import http.client

# 1. 建立HTTP连接
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
# 2. 发送GET请求，制定接口路径
conn.request("GET", '/get')
# 3. 获取相应
res = conn.getresponse()
# 4. 解析相应.进行解码
print(res.read().encode("utf-8")) # 自己解码

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib.request  # 如果import urllib，则在使用urllib.request时会报错

res = urllib.request.urlopen("http://httpbin.org/get")
print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))  # 自己解码

Python3 requests

import requests

res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
print(res.text) # 自动按默认utf-8解码

HTTPS,GET请求,带中文参数

GET http://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12

Python3 http.client

import http.client
import urllib.parse

conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("httpbin.org")
url = urllib.parse.quote("/get?name=张三&age=12", safe=':/?=&') # 进行url编码
conn.request("GET", url)
res = conn.getresponse()
print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) # 自己解码

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
import urllib.parse

url = urllib.parse.quote("https://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12", safe=':/?=&') # 进行url编码
res = urllib.request.urlopen("url")
print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))  # 自己解码

Python3 requests

import requests

res = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12") # 自动编码
print(res.text) # 自动按默认utf-8解码

Post x-www-form-urlencoded传统表单请求

POST http://httpbin.org/post 请求数据: name=张三&age=12

Python3 http.client

import http.client
import urllib.parse

conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"name":"张三", "age": 12}).encode("utf-8") # 对数据进行url编码及utf-8编码
conn.request("POST", '/post', data)
res = conn.getresponse()
print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request

data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"name":"张三", "age": 12}).encode("utf-8") # 对数据进行url编码及utf-8编码
req = urllib.request.Request("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data)
res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) 

Python3 requests

import requests

data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data) # 自动编码
print(res.text)

Post application/json请求

POST http://httpbin.org/post 请求数据: {"name": "张三","age": 12}

Python3 http.client

import http.client
import urllib.parse
import json

conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
data = '{"name":"张三", "age": 12}'.encode('utf-8') # 或data = json.dumps({"name":"张三", "age": 12})
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
conn.request("POST", '/post', data, headers)
res = conn.getresponse()
print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import json

data = '{"name":"张三", "age": 12}'.encode('utf-8') # 或data = json.dumps({"name":"张三", "age": 12})
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
req = urllib.request.Request("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data, headers=headers)
res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) 

Python3 requests

import requests

data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", json=data)
print(res.json())  # 转为字典格式

或

import requests
import json

data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers)
print(res.json())  # 转为字典格式