UiAutomator自动化测试框架介绍
环境搭建
1 必要条件
1.1 JDK
1.2 SDK(API高于15)
1.3 Eclipse
2 简要步骤
2.1 安装JDK并添加bin目录到环境变量
2.2 添加SDK中的tools目录和platform-tools到环境变量
2.3 安装Eclipse并安装ADT插件
建立工程
1 用eclipse建立Java project
2 添加Junit库
3 添加Android库
找到sdk/platforms/android-19/下面的android.jar和uiautomator.jar并添加进来
4 添加完成后如下图
在工程中编写case
1 分析Device当前界面的UI内容
在编写Case之前，需要找到界面上不同控件的id,text,class或者description等等，来定位具体的点击事件。我们可以使用uiautomatorviewer工具来分析界面的组织架构。
2 官方用例
package com.uia.example.my;
// Import the uiautomator libraries
import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObject;
import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObjectNotFoundException;
import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiScrollable;
import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiSelector;
import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase;
public class LaunchSettings extends UiAutomatorTestCase {
public void testDemo() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
// Simulate a short press on the HOME button.
getUiDevice().pressHome();
// We’re now in the home screen. Next, we want to simulate
// a user bringing up the All Apps screen.
// If you use the uiautomatorviewer tool to capture a snapshot
// of the Home screen, notice that the All Apps button’s
// content-description property has the value “Apps”.
We can
// use this property to create a UiSelector to find the
button.
UiObject allAppsButton = new UiObject(new UiSelector()
.description("Apps"));
// Simulate a click to bring up the All Apps screen.
allAppsButton.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
// In the All Apps screen, the Settings app is located in
// the Apps tab. To simulate the user bringing up the Apps
tab,
// we create a UiSelector to find a tab with the text
// label “Apps”.
UiObject appsTab = new UiObject(new UiSelector()
.text("Apps"));
// Simulate a click to enter the Apps tab.
appsTab.click();
// Next, in the apps tabs, we can simulate a user swiping
until
// they come to the Settings app icon. Since the
container view
// is scrollable, we can use a UiScrollable object.
UiScrollable appViews = new UiScrollable(new UiSelector()
.scrollable(true));
// Set the swiping mode to horizontal (the default is
vertical)
appViews.setAsHorizontalList();
// Create a UiSelector to find the Settings app and simulate
// a user click to launch the app.
UiObject settingsApp = appViews.getChildByText(new
UiSelector()
.className(android.widget.TextView.class.getName()),
"Settings");
settingsApp.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
// Validate that the package name is the expected one
UiObject settingsValidation = new UiObject(new
UiSelector()
.packageName("com.android.settings"));
assertTrue("Unable to detect Settings",
settingsValidation.exists());
}
}
Build工程
1 产生build工程所需要的配置文件
<android-sdk>/tools/android create uitest-project -n <name> -t 1 -p <path>
name: build jar文件的名字
1: 使用命令android list可以查看
path: 工程目录
2 build工程jar文件
2.1配置文件创建完成后，刷新工程目录，将会产生三个文件：build.xml、local.properties和project.properties
2.2 打开build.xml，将default值改成build，如下图
2.3 build工程
运行工程
1 导入
将build好的jar文件，push到手机目录/data/local/tmp/下
2 运行命令
adb shell uiautomator runtest LaunchSettings.jar(build出来的文件) -c com.uia.example.my.LaunchSettings(class名)
如果想要运行class类里具体的方法，可以在类后面加上#方法名即可
如果想手机单独运行程序，不受数据线的约束，可以使用--nohup
API详解
1 UiDevice
提供关于设备的状态信息。你也可以使用这个类来模拟设备上的用户的行为，如按方向键或者按菜单键
如若获取UiDevice的对象,请使用UiDevice.getInstance()方法
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Public Methods |
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void |
清除上一次输入的文本 |
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Clears the text from the last UI traversal event. |
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boolean |
点击坐标 |
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Perform a click at arbitrary coordinates specified by the user |
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boolean |
从开始坐标拖拽到终点坐标位置 |
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Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another coordinate. |
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void |
dump当前界面的层次结构，并保存到/data/local/tmp/目录下 |
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Helper method used for debugging to dump the current window's layout hierarchy. |
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void |
禁用传感器，并且在当前界面冻结转屏 |
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Disables the sensors and freezes the device rotation at its current rotation state. |
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String |
获取当前Activity的名字，此方法已被丢弃，不建议使用 |
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This method is deprecated. The results returned should be considered unreliable |
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String |
获取当前包名 |
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Retrieves the name of the last package to report accessibility events. |
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int |
获取显示高度，以像素为单位 |
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Gets the height of the display, in pixels. |
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int |
返回当前的旋转值，0,90,180,270 |
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Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface |
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Point |
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Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation. |
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int |
获取显示宽度，以像素为单位 |
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Gets the width of the display, in pixels. |
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static UiDevice |
Java单例模式，获取UiDevice的对象 |
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Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice |
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String |
获取最后一次输入的text |
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Retrieves the text from the last UI traversal event received. |
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String |
获取设备的名字 |
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Retrieves the product name of the device. |
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boolean |
检查是否有监听器触发过 |
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boolean |
检查某个特定的监听器是否触发过 |
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boolean |
检查设备是否是正常的竖屏状态 |
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Check if the device is in its natural orientation. |
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boolean |
检查屏幕是否亮起 |
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Checks the power manager if the screen is ON. |
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boolean |
打开notification通知栏 |
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Opens the notification shade. |
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boolean |
打开quicksetting |
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Opens the Quick Settings shade. |
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boolean |
按返回键 |
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Simulates a short press on the BACK button. |
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boolean |
轨迹球 |
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Simulates a short press on the CENTER button. |
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boolean |
轨迹球 |
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Simulates a short press on the DOWN button. |
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boolean |
轨迹球 |
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Simulates a short press on the LEFT button. |
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boolean |
轨迹球 |
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Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button. |
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boolean |
轨迹球 |
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Simulates a short press on the UP button. |
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boolean |
删除键 |
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Simulates a short press on the DELETE key. |
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boolean |
回车键 |
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Simulates a short press on the ENTER key. |
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boolean |
home键 |
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Simulates a short press on the HOME button. |
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boolean |
keycode，参照keyevent |
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Simulates a short press using a key code. |
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boolean |
keycode，参照keyevent |
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Simulates a short press using a key code. |
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boolean |
menu键 |
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Simulates a short press on the MENU button. |
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boolean |
recent键 |
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Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button. |
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boolean |
search键 |
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Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button. |
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void |
registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher) |
注册一个监听器，当前指定动作被打断的时候，处理中断异常 |
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Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector. |
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void |
移除之前注册的监听器 |
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void |
重置一个监听器 |
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void |
强制运行所有的监听器 |
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This method forces all registered watchers to run. |
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void |
应用或禁用布局层次压缩 |
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Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression. |
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void |
通过禁用传感器，然后模拟设备向左转，并且固定位置 |
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Simulates orienting the device to the left and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. |
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void |
通过禁用传感器，然后模拟设备转到其自然默认的方向，并且固定位置 |
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Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. |
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void |
通过禁用传感器，然后模拟设备向右转，并且固定位置 |
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Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. |
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void |
锁屏 |
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This method simply presses the power button if the screen is ON else it does nothing if the screen is already OFF. |
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boolean |
在点阵列中滑动，5秒一步 |
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Performs a swipe between points in the Point array. |
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boolean |
swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) |
通过坐标滑动屏幕 |
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Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed. |
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boolean |
当前窗口截屏，并将其存储为PNG格式默认1.0f的规模（原尺寸）和90%的图片质量，参数为file类的文件路径 |
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Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation |
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boolean |
当前窗口截屏，可以自定义尺寸和图片质量 |
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Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation |
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void |
重新启用传感器，并且允许旋转屏幕 |
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Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation. |
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void |
等待当前应用程序处于空闲状态 |
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Waits for the current application to idle. |
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void |
等待当前应用程序处于空闲状态 |
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Waits for the current application to idle. |
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boolean |
等待窗口内容更新时间的发生 |
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Waits for a window content update event to occur. |
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void |
唤醒屏幕 |
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This method simulates pressing the power button if the screen is OFF else it does nothing if the screen is already ON. |
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2 UiSelector
用于按照一定的条件，定位界面上的控件元素。UiObject对象通过UiSelector来选取
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Public Constructors |
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构造方法 |
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Public Methods |
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UiSelector |
是否是可选择的属性 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are checkable. |
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UiSelector |
是否已经被选择 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are currently checked (usually for checkboxes). |
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UiSelector |
childSelector(UiSelector selector) |
子类 |
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Adds a child UiSelector criteria to this selector. |
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UiSelector |
类名 |
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Set the search criteria to match the class property for a widget (for example, "android.widget.Button"). |
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<T> UiSelector |
泛型类名 |
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Set the search criteria to match the class property for a widget (for example, "android.widget.Button"). |
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UiSelector |
类名正则表达式 |
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Set the search criteria to match the class property for a widget, using a regular expression. |
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UiSelector |
是否可以被点击 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are clickable. |
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UiSelector |
通过content-description来选取 |
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Set the search criteria to match the content-description property for a widget. |
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UiSelector |
通过content-description所包含的字符来选取 |
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Set the search criteria to match the content-description property for a widget. |
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UiSelector |
通过content-description所符合正则表达式 的字符来选取 |
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Set the search criteria to match the content-description property for a widget. |
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UiSelector |
通过content-description开始字符匹配来选取 |
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Set the search criteria to match the content-description property for a widget. |
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UiSelector |
是否已经被enabled |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are enabled. |
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UiSelector |
焦点属性 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are focusable. |
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UiSelector |
当前焦点属性 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that have focus. |
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UiSelector |
fromParent(UiSelector selector) |
父类 |
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Adds a child UiSelector criteria to this selector which is used to start search from the parent widget. |
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UiSelector |
编号 |
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Set the search criteria to match the widget by its node index in the layout hierarchy. |
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UiSelector |
索引 |
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Set the search criteria to match the widget by its instance number. |
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UiSelector |
是否可以被长按 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are long-clickable. |
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UiSelector |
包名 |
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Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget. |
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UiSelector |
正则包名 |
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Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget. |
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UiSelector |
资源id |
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Set the search criteria to match the given resource ID. |
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UiSelector |
资源id正则表达式 |
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Set the search criteria to match the resource ID of the widget, using a regular expression.http://blog.bettersoftwaretesting.com/ |
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UiSelector |
是否可以被滑动 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are scrollable. |
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UiSelector |
当前选择属性 |
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Set the search criteria to match widgets that are currently selected. |
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UiSelector |
根据text来选取控件或者应用程序 |
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Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a widget (for example, the text label to launch an app). |
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UiSelector |
根据text中包含的字符串 来选取控件或者应用程序 |
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Set the search criteria to match the visible text in a widget where the visible text must contain the string in your input argument. |
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UiSelector |
通过正则表达式来选取匹配的控件或者应用程序 |
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Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a layout element, using a regular expression. |
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UiSelector |
通过文本开始字符来选取 |
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Set the search criteria to match visible text in a widget that is prefixed by the text parameter. |
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String |
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Protected Methods |
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UiSelector |
克隆UiSelector |
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3 UiObject
UiObject主要对对象进行操作
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Public Constructors |
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UiObject(UiSelector selector) |
UiObject的构造方法 |
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Constructs a UiObject to represent a view that matches the specified selector criteria. |
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Public Methods |
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void |
清除编辑框中的文本 |
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Clears the existing text contents in an editable field. |
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boolean |
点击事件 |
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Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject. |
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boolean |
点击对象，等待新窗口的出现， 参数为等待超时时长 |
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Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject and waits for window transitions. |
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boolean |
点击对象，等待新窗口的出现 |
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Waits for window transitions that would typically take longer than the usual default timeouts. |
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boolean |
点击对象的右下角 |
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Clicks the bottom and right corner of the UI element |
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boolean |
点击对象的左上角 |
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Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element |
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boolean |
dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps) |
拖拽到另一个对象处，步长可调整拖拽的速度 |
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Drags this object to a destination UiObject. |
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boolean |
拖拽到目标坐标处，步长可调整拖拽的速度 |
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Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates. |
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boolean |
对象是否存在 |
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Check if view exists. |
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Rect |
获取对象的矩形坐标左上角和右下角的坐标 |
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Returns the view's bounds property. |
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UiObject |
getChild(UiSelector selector) |
获得对象的子类对象，可以递归获取 子孙当中的某个对象 |
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Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject. |
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int |
获取下一级子类的数量 |
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Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject. |
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String |
获取类名 |
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Retrieves the className property of the UI element. |
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String |
获取description |
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Reads the content_desc property of the UI element |
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UiObject |
getFromParent(UiSelector selector) |
从父类获取子类，按照UiSelector获取兄弟类 |
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Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject. |
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String |
获取包名 |
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Reads the view's package property |
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获得selector用于调试 |
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Debugging helper. |
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String |
获得对象的文本属性 |
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Reads the text property of the UI element |
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Rect |
返回可见视图的范围，如果视图是可见的， 只有可见部分报告的范围 |
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Returns the visible bounds of the view. |
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boolean |
检查对象的checkable属性是否为true |
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Checks if the UI element's checkable property is currently true. |
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boolean |
检查对象的checked属性是否为true |
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Check if the UI element's checked property is currently true |
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boolean |
检查对象的clickable属性是否为true |
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Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true. |
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boolean |
检查对象的enabled属性是否为true |
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Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true. |
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boolean |
检查对象的focusable属性是否为true |
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Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true. |
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boolean |
检查对象的focused属性是否为true |
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Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true |
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boolean |
检查对象的longclickable属性是否为true |
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Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true |
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boolean |
检查对象的scrollable属性是否为true |
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Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true |
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boolean |
检查对象的selected属性是否为true |
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Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true. |
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boolean |
长按 |
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Long clicks the center of the visible bounds of the UI element |
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boolean |
长按对象的右下角 |
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Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element |
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boolean |
长按对象的左上角 |
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Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element |
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boolean |
执行单手触控手势，可定义任意手势和形状 |
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Performs a multi-touch gesture. |
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boolean |
执行任意的双手触控手势 |
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Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points. |
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boolean |
手势操作，两点向内收缩 |
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Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject . |
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boolean |
手势操作，两点向外张开 |
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Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject. |
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boolean |
在对象中输入文字 |
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Sets the text in an editable field, after clearing the field's content. |
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boolean |
向下滑动 |
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Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject. |
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boolean |
向左滑动 |
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Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject. |
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boolean |
向右滑动 |
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Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject. |
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boolean |
向上滑动 |
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Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject. |
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boolean |
等待对象出现 |
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Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible. |
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boolean |
等待对象消失 |
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Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable. |
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4 UiScrollable
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Public Constructors |
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UiScrollable(UiSelector container) |
UiScrollable的构造方法 |
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Constructor. |
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Public Methods |
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boolean |
以步长为5的值向后滑动 |
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Performs a backwards fling action with the default number of fling steps (5). |
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boolean |
以步长为5的值向前滑动 |
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Performs a forward fling with the default number of fling steps (5). |
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boolean |
滑动到最前面一屏 |
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Performs a fling gesture to reach the beginning of a scrollable layout element. |
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boolean |
滑动到最后一屏 |
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Performs a fling gesture to reach the end of a scrollable layout element. |
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getChildByDescription(UiSelector childPattern, String text, boolean allowScrollSearch) |
是否允许滑动来查找具备描述条件的object对象 |
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Searches for a child element in the present scrollable container. |
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getChildByDescription(UiSelector childPattern, String text) |
默认滑动来查找具备描述条件的对象 |
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Searches for a child element in the present scrollable container. |
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getChildByInstance(UiSelector childPattern, int instance) |
获取具备UiSelector的子集，再从子集当中筛选想要的元素（不滚动） |
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Searches for a child element in the present scrollable container that matches the selector you provided. |
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getChildByText(UiSelector childPattern, String text, boolean allowScrollSearch) |
是否允许滑动来查找具备通过文本条件的object对象 |
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Searches for a child element in the present scrollable container. |
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getChildByText(UiSelector childPattern, String text) |
默认通过滑动来查找具备通过文本条件的object对象 |
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Searches for a child element in the present scrollable container. |
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int |
获取搜索滑动过程中的最大滑动次数，默认常量为30 |
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Gets the maximum number of scrolls allowed when performing a scroll action in search of a child element. |
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double |
默认常量为0.1,10% |
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Returns the percentage of a widget's size that's considered as a no-touch zone when swiping. |
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boolean |
自定义步长向后滑动 |
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Performs a backward scroll. |
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boolean |
以默认步长55向后滑动 |
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Performs a backward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55). |
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boolean |
滚动到描述所在的位置 |
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Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the content-description is found, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted. |
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boolean |
以默认步长55向前滑动 |
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Performs a forward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55). |
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boolean |
自定义步长向前滑动 |
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Performs a forward scroll. |
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boolean |
scrollIntoView(UiSelector selector) |
滚动到元素所在的位置 |
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Perform a scroll forward action to move through the scrollable layout element until a visible item that matches the selector is found. |
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boolean |
scrollIntoView(UiObject obj) |
滚动到对象所在的位置 |
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boolean |
滚动到文本对象所在的位置 |
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Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the text you provided is visible, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted. |
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boolean |
自定义扫动距离滚动到开始位置 |
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Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element. |
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boolean |
自定义扫动距离以及步长滚动到开始位置 |
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Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element. |
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boolean |
自定义扫动距离以及步长滚动到结束位置 |
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Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element. |
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boolean |
自定义扫动距离滚动到结束位置 |
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Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element. |
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UiScrollable |
设置界面为水平滑动 |
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Set the direction of swipes to be horizontal when performing scroll actions. |
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UiScrollable |
设置界面为竖直滑动，此为默认值 |
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Set the direction of swipes to be vertical when performing scroll actions. |
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UiScrollable |
设置最大可扫描次数 |
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Sets the maximum number of scrolls allowed when performing a scroll action in search of a child element. |
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UiScrollable |
设置一个部件的大小，在滑动时，视为无接触区的百分比 |
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Sets the percentage of a widget's size that's considered as no-touch zone when swiping. |
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5 UiCollection
UiCollection继承UiObject，用于枚举一个容器的用户界面(UI)元素计数的目的，或安装子元素的文本或描述条件获取子元素对象。
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Public Constructors |
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UiCollection(UiSelector selector) |
UiCollection的构造方法 |
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Public Methods |
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getChildByDescription(UiSelector childPattern, String text) |
通过包含的条件寻找符合的子元素 |
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Searches for child UI element within the constraints of this UiSelector selector. |
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getChildByInstance(UiSelector childPattern, int instance) |
通过包含的条件寻找符合的子元素 |
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Searches for child UI element within the constraints of this UiSelector. |
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|
getChildByText(UiSelector childPattern, String text) |
通过包含的条件寻找符合的子元素 |
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|
Searches for child UI element within the constraints of this UiSelector. |
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|
int |
getChildCount(UiSelector childPattern) |
递归计算符合条件的子元素的数量 |
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Counts child UI element instances matching the childPattern argument. |
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6 UiWatcher
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Public Methods |
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abstract boolean |
抽象方法，在监听程序中要实现此方法 |
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监听器要在中断代码之前运行，我们首先要注册一个监听器，然后运行。注册监听器的方法，在UiDevice的API中有介绍，
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void |
registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher) |
注册一个监听器，当前指定动作被打断的 时候，处理中断异常 |
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Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector. |
注册监听器的结构方法如下：
UiDevice.getInstance().registerWatcher(“register watcher method”, new UiWatcher(){
Public boolean checkForCondition{
//在此方法体内定义监听的方法
}
});
编写用例的注意事项
1.每一个类都要继承UiAutomatorTestCase
2.最好在每个类里都定义setUp和tearDown方法，用于初始化（最好都以Home界面为测试开始点）和结束测试（最好也以Home界面为测试结束点）
3.因为此套测试框架式继承与Junit3的，所以每个方法最好都要以test开头，运行单个类时，程序会run以test开头的方法。当然这不是强制的，也可以以#方法run用例。