转：http://www.cnblogs.com/newstart/archive/2012/09/21/2696884.html
最近项目使用socket通信，要测试接受时间和解析时间，达到微妙级别，这里在MSDN上找的资料记录下：
Stopwatch 实例可以测量一个时间间隔的运行时间，也可以测量多个时间间隔的总运行时间。 在典型的 Stopwatch 方案中，先调用 Start 方法，然后调用 Stop 方法，最后使用 Elapsed 属性检查运行时间。
Stopwatch 实例或者在运行，或者已停止；使用 IsRunning 可以确定 Stopwatch 的当前状态。 使用 Start 可以开始测量运行时间；使用 Stop 可以停止测量运行时间。 通过属性 Elapsed、ElapsedMilliseconds 或 ElapsedTicks 查询运行时间值。 当实例正在运行或已停止时，可以查询运行时间属性。 运行时间属性在 Stopwatch 运行期间稳固递增；在该实例停止时保持不变。
默认情况下，Stopwatch 实例的运行时间值相当于所有测量的时间间隔的总和。 每次调用 Start 时开始累计运行时间计数；每次调用 Stop 时结束当前时间间隔测量，并冻结累计运行时间值。 使用 Reset 方法可以清除现有 Stopwatch 实例中的累计运行时间。
Stopwatch 在基础计时器机制中对计时器的计时周期进行计数，从而测量运行时间。 如果安装的硬件和操作系统支持高分辨率性能计数器，则 Stopwatch 类将使用该计数器来测量运行时间； 否则，Stopwatch 类将使用系统计数器来测量运行时间。 使用 Frequency 和 IsHighResolution 字段可以确定实现 Stopwatch 计时的精度和分辨率。
Stopwatch 类为托管代码内与计时有关的性能计数器的操作提供帮助。 具体说来，Frequency 字段和 GetTimestamp 方法可以用于替换非托管 Win32 API QueryPerformanceFrequency 和 QueryPerformanceCounter。
说明
在多处理器计算机上，线程在哪个处理器上运行无关紧要。 但是，由于 BIOS 或硬件抽象层 (HAL) 中的 bug，在不同的处理器上可能会得出不同的计时结果。 若要为线程指定处理器关联，请使用 ProcessThread.ProcessorAffinity 方法。
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
stopWatch.Start();
Thread.Sleep(10000);
stopWatch.Stop();
// Get the elapsed time as a TimeSpan value.
TimeSpan ts = stopWatch.Elapsed;
// Format and display the TimeSpan value.
string elapsedTime = String.Format("{0:00}:{1:00}:{2:00}.{3:00}",
ts.Hours, ts.Minutes, ts.Seconds,
ts.Milliseconds / 10);
Console.WriteLine("RunTime " + elapsedTime);
}
}
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace StopWatchSample
{
class OperationsTimer
{
public static void Main()
{
DisplayTimerProperties();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Press the Enter key to begin:");
Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine();
TimeOperations();
}
public static void DisplayTimerProperties()
{
// Display the timer frequency and resolution.
if (Stopwatch.IsHighResolution)
{
Console.WriteLine("Operations timed using the system's high-resolution performance counter.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Operations timed using the DateTime class.");
}
long frequency = Stopwatch.Frequency;
Console.WriteLine(" Timer frequency in ticks per second = {0}",
frequency);
long nanosecPerTick = (1000L*1000L*1000L) / frequency;
Console.WriteLine(" Timer is accurate within {0} nanoseconds",
nanosecPerTick);
}
private static void TimeOperations()
{
long nanosecPerTick = (1000L*1000L*1000L) / Stopwatch.Frequency;
const long numIterations = 10000;
// Define the operation title names.
String [] operationNames = {"Operation: Int32.Parse("0")",
"Operation: Int32.TryParse("0")",
"Operation: Int32.Parse("a")",
"Operation: Int32.TryParse("a")"};
// Time four different implementations for parsing
// an integer from a string.
for (int operation = 0; operation <= 3; operation++)
{
// Define variables for operation statistics.
long numTicks = 0;
long numRollovers = 0;
long maxTicks = 0;
long minTicks = Int64.MaxValue;
int indexFastest = -1;
int indexSlowest = -1;
long milliSec = 0;
Stopwatch time10kOperations = Stopwatch.StartNew();
// Run the current operation 10001 times.
// The first execution time will be tossed
// out, since it can skew the average time.
for (int i=0; i<=numIterations; i++)
{
long ticksThisTime = 0;
int inputNum;
Stopwatch timePerParse;
switch (operation)
{
case 0:
// Parse a valid integer using
// a try-catch statement.
// Start a new stopwatch timer.
timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();
try
{
inputNum = Int32.Parse("0");
}
catch (FormatException)
{
inputNum = 0;
}
// Stop the timer, and save the
// elapsed ticks for the operation.
timePerParse.Stop();
ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
break;
case 1:
// Parse a valid integer using
// the TryParse statement.
// Start a new stopwatch timer.
timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();
if (!Int32.TryParse("0", out inputNum))
{
inputNum = 0;
}
// Stop the timer, and save the
// elapsed ticks for the operation.
timePerParse.Stop();
ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
break;
case 2:
// Parse an invalid value using
// a try-catch statement.
// Start a new stopwatch timer.
timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();
try
{
inputNum = Int32.Parse("a");
}
catch (FormatException)
{
inputNum = 0;
}
// Stop the timer, and save the
// elapsed ticks for the operation.
timePerParse.Stop();
ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
break;
case 3:
// Parse an invalid value using
// the TryParse statement.
// Start a new stopwatch timer.
timePerParse = Stopwatch.StartNew();
if (!Int32.TryParse("a", out inputNum))
{
inputNum = 0;
}
// Stop the timer, and save the
// elapsed ticks for the operation.
timePerParse.Stop();
ticksThisTime = timePerParse.ElapsedTicks;
break;
default:
break;
}
// Skip over the time for the first operation,
// just in case it caused a one-time
// performance hit.
if (i == 0)
{
time10kOperations.Reset();
time10kOperations.Start();
}
else
{
// Update operation statistics
// for iterations 1-10001.
if (maxTicks < ticksThisTime)
{
indexSlowest = i;
maxTicks = ticksThisTime;
}
if (minTicks > ticksThisTime)
{
indexFastest = i;
minTicks = ticksThisTime;
}
numTicks += ticksThisTime;
if (numTicks < ticksThisTime)
{
// Keep track of rollovers.
numRollovers ++;
}
}
}
// Display the statistics for 10000 iterations.
time10kOperations.Stop();
milliSec = time10kOperations.ElapsedMilliseconds;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("{0} Summary:", operationNames[operation]);
Console.WriteLine(" Slowest time: #{0}/{1} = {2} ticks",
indexSlowest, numIterations, maxTicks);
Console.WriteLine(" Fastest time: #{0}/{1} = {2} ticks",
indexFastest, numIterations, minTicks);
Console.WriteLine(" Average time: {0} ticks = {1} nanoseconds",
numTicks / numIterations,
(numTicks * nanosecPerTick) / numIterations );
Console.WriteLine(" Total time looping through {0} operations: {1} milliseconds",
numIterations, milliSec);
}
}
}
}
TimeSpan 对象表示时间间隔或持续时间，按正负天数、小时数、分钟数、秒数以及秒的小数部分进行度量。用于度量持续时间的最大时间单位是天。更大的时间单位（如月和年）的天数不同，因此为保持一致性，时间间隔以天为单位来度量。
TimeSpan 对象的值是等于所表示时间间隔的刻度数。一个刻度等于 100 纳秒，TimeSpan 对象的值的范围在 MinValue 和 MaxValue 之间。
TimeSpan 值可以表示为 [-]d.hh:mm:ss.ff，其中减号是可选的，它指示负时间间隔，d 分量表示天，hh 表示小时（24 小时制），mm 表示分钟，ss 表示秒，而 ff 为秒的小数部分。即，时间间隔包括整的正负天数、天数和剩余的不足一天的时长，或者只包含不足一天的时长。例如，初始化为 1.0e+13 刻度的 TimeSpan 对象的文本表示“11.13:46:40”，即 11 天，13 小时，46 分钟和 40 秒。
TimeSpan 类型实现了 System.IComparable 和 System.IComparable 接口。
// Example of the TimeSpan class properties.using System;class TimeSpanPropertiesDemo{ const string headerFmt = "
{0,-45}"; const string dataFmt = "{0,-12}{1,8} {2,-18}{3,21}" ; // Display the properties of the TimeSpan parameter. static void ShowTimeSpanProperties( TimeSpan interval ) { Console.WriteLine( "{0,21}", interval ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, "Days", interval.Days, "TotalDays", interval.TotalDays ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, "Hours", interval.Hours, "TotalHours", interval.TotalHours ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, "Minutes", interval.Minutes, "TotalMinutes", interval.TotalMinutes ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, "Seconds", interval.Seconds, "TotalSeconds", interval.TotalSeconds ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, "Milliseconds", interval.Milliseconds, "TotalMilliseconds", interval.TotalMilliseconds ); Console.WriteLine( dataFmt, null, null, "Ticks", interval.Ticks ); } static void Main( ) { Console.WriteLine( "This example of the TimeSpan class properties " + "generates the
following output. It " + "creates several TimeSpan objects and
displays " + "the values of the TimeSpan properties for each." ); // Create and display a TimeSpan value of 1 tick. Console.Write( headerFmt, "TimeSpan( 1 )" ); ShowTimeSpanProperties( new TimeSpan( 1 ) ); // Create a TimeSpan value with a large number of ticks. Console.Write( headerFmt, "TimeSpan( 111222333444555 )" ); ShowTimeSpanProperties( new TimeSpan( 111222333444555 ) ); // This TimeSpan has all fields specified. Console.Write( headerFmt, "TimeSpan( 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 )" ); ShowTimeSpanProperties( new TimeSpan( 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ) ); // This TimeSpan has all fields overflowing. Console.Write( headerFmt, "TimeSpan( 1111, 2222, 3333, 4444, 5555 )" ); ShowTimeSpanProperties( new TimeSpan( 1111, 2222, 3333, 4444, 5555 ) ); // This TimeSpan is based on a number of days. Console.Write( headerFmt, "FromDays( 20.84745602 )" ); ShowTimeSpanProperties( TimeSpan.FromDays( 20.84745602 ) ); } } |
结果如下
/*This example of the TimeSpan class properties generates thefollowing output. It creates several TimeSpan objects anddisplays the values of the TimeSpan properties for each.TimeSpan( 1 ) 00:00:00.0000001Days 0 TotalDays 1.15740740740741E-12Hours 0 TotalHours 2.77777777777778E-11Minutes 0 TotalMinutes 1.66666666666667E-09Seconds 0 TotalSeconds 1E-07Milliseconds 0 TotalMilliseconds 0.0001 Ticks 1TimeSpan( 111222333444555 ) 128.17:30:33.3444555Days 128 TotalDays 128.729552597865Hours 17 TotalHours 3089.50926234875Minutes 30 TotalMinutes 185370.555740925Seconds 33 TotalSeconds 11122233.3444555Milliseconds 344 TotalMilliseconds 11122233344.4555 Ticks 111222333444555TimeSpan( 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ) 10.20:30:40.0500000Days 10 TotalDays 10.8546302083333Hours 20 TotalHours 260.511125Minutes 30 TotalMinutes 15630.6675Seconds 40 TotalSeconds 937840.05Milliseconds 50 TotalMilliseconds 937840050 Ticks 9378400500000TimeSpan( 1111, 2222, 3333, 4444, 5555 ) 1205.22:47:09.5550000Days 1205 TotalDays 1205.94941614583Hours 22 TotalHours 28942.7859875Minutes 47 TotalMinutes 1736567.15925Seconds 9 TotalSeconds 104194029.555Milliseconds 555 TotalMilliseconds 104194029555 Ticks 1041940295550000FromDays( 20.84745602 ) 20.20:20:20.2000000Days 20 TotalDays 20.8474560185185Hours 20 TotalHours 500.338944444444Minutes 20 TotalMinutes 30020.3366666667Seconds 20 TotalSeconds 1801220.2Milliseconds 200 TotalMilliseconds 1801220200 Ticks 18012202000000*/ |
ps：
皮秒，符号ps（英语：picosecond ）.
1皮秒等于一万亿分之一秒（10-12秒）
1,000 皮秒 = 1纳秒
1,000,000 皮秒 = 1微秒
1,000,000,000 皮秒 = 1毫秒
1,000,000,000,000 皮秒 = 1秒
纳秒
纳秒，符号ns（英语：nanosecond ）.
1纳秒等于十亿分之一秒（10-9秒）
1 纳秒 = 1000皮秒
1,000 纳秒 = 1微秒
1,000,000 纳秒 = 1毫秒
1,000,000,000 纳秒 = 1秒
微秒，符号μs（英语：microsecond ）.
1微秒等于一百万分之一秒（10-6秒）
0.000 001 微秒 = 1皮秒
0.001 微秒 = 1纳秒
1,000 微秒 = 1毫秒
1,000,000 微秒 = 1秒
毫秒
毫秒，符号ms（英语：millisecond ）.
1毫秒等于一千分之一秒（10-3秒）
0.000 000 001 毫秒 = 1皮秒
0.000 001 毫秒 = 1纳秒
0.001 毫秒 = 1微秒
1000 毫秒 = 1秒
最好我测试出来结果是
timespan s=00:00:00.0008025
转换成Milliseconds ms=0.8025毫秒。