模式介绍
策略设计模式定义了一系列算法,然后通过将每个算法封装为对象使它们可互换。 因此,算法的实际操作可以基于其他输入而变化,例如哪个客户端正在使用它。
这种模式的基本思想是,如果我们将行为封装为对象,那么我们就可以选择使用哪个对象,从而根据一些外部输入或状态来实现哪些行为。我们进一步允许实现许多不同的行为,而无需创建巨大的if / then或switch语句。
示例
想象一下,我们有N中办法吃肉,烤炸煎等等。在面向对象的思想中,每一种方式都是一个类。
抽象的cook策略:
/// <summary>
/// The Strategy abstract class, which defines an interface common to all supported strategy algorithms.
/// </summary>
abstract class CookStrategy
{
public abstract void Cook(string food);
}
具体的策略:
/// <summary>
/// A Concrete Strategy class
/// </summary>
class Grilling : CookStrategy
{
public override void Cook(string food)
{
Console.WriteLine("
Cooking " + food + " by grilling it.");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A Concrete Strategy class
/// </summary>
class OvenBaking : CookStrategy
{
public override void Cook(string food)
{
Console.WriteLine("
Cooking " + food + " by oven baking it.");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A Concrete Strategy class
/// </summary>
class DeepFrying : CookStrategy
{
public override void Cook(string food)
{
Console.WriteLine("
Cooking " + food + " by deep frying it");
}
}
上下文对象类,可选择不同的策略:
/// <summary>
/// The Context class, which maintains a reference to the chosen Strategy.
/// </summary>
class CookingMethod
{
private string Food;
private CookStrategy _cookStrategy;
public void SetCookStrategy(CookStrategy cookStrategy)
{
this._cookStrategy = cookStrategy;
}
public void SetFood(string name)
{
Food = name;
}
public void Cook()
{
_cookStrategy.Cook(Food);
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
客户端调用:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
CookingMethod cookMethod = new CookingMethod();
Console.WriteLine("What food would you like to cook?");
var food = Console.ReadLine();
cookMethod.SetFood(food);
Console.WriteLine("What cooking strategy would you like to use (1-3)?");
int input = int.Parse(Console.ReadKey().KeyChar.ToString());
switch(input)
{
case 1:
cookMethod.SetCookStrategy(new Grilling());
cookMethod.Cook();
break;
case 2:
cookMethod.SetCookStrategy(new OvenBaking());
cookMethod.Cook();
break;
case 3:
cookMethod.SetCookStrategy(new DeepFrying());
cookMethod.Cook();
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Invalid Selection!");
break;
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
总结
策略设计模式允许在不同情况下使用给定对象的不同行为。 这允许分别实现和测试许多不同的行为,因为每个行为将被封装为对象。
重构代码的时候,该模式可能会发挥作用。
源代码
https://github.com/exceptionnotfound/DesignPatterns/tree/master/Strategy
原文
https://www.exceptionnotfound.net/strategy-the-daily-design-pattern/