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  • 69-70连接查询

     1 /*
     2 SQLyog Ultimate v10.00 Beta1
     3 MySQL - 5.7.18-log : Database - girls
     4 *********************************************************************
     5 */
     6 
     7 
     8 /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
     9 
    10 /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=''*/;
    11 
    12 /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    13 /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    14 /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    15 /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    16 CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`girls` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
    17 
    18 USE `girls`;
    19 
    20 /*Table structure for table `admin` */
    21 
    22 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `admin`;
    23 
    24 CREATE TABLE `admin` (
    25   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    26   `username` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    27   `password` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    28   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    29 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    30 
    31 /*Data for the table `admin` */
    32 
    33 insert  into `admin`(`id`,`username`,`password`) values (1,'john','8888'),(2,'lyt','6666');
    34 
    35 /*Table structure for table `beauty` */
    36 
    37 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `beauty`;
    38 
    39 CREATE TABLE `beauty` (
    40   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    41   `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
    42   `sex` char(1) DEFAULT '',
    43   `borndate` datetime DEFAULT '1987-01-01 00:00:00',
    44   `phone` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
    45   `photo` blob,
    46   `boyfriend_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    47   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    48 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=13 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    49 
    50 /*Data for the table `beauty` */
    51 
    52 insert  into `beauty`(`id`,`name`,`sex`,`borndate`,`phone`,`photo`,`boyfriend_id`) values (1,'柳岩','','1988-02-03 00:00:00','18209876577',NULL,8),(2,'苍老师','','1987-12-30 00:00:00','18219876577',NULL,9),(3,'Angelababy','','1989-02-03 00:00:00','18209876567',NULL,3),(4,'热巴','','1993-02-03 00:00:00','18209876579',NULL,2),(5,'周冬雨','','1992-02-03 00:00:00','18209179577',NULL,9),(6,'周芷若','','1988-02-03 00:00:00','18209876577',NULL,1),(7,'岳灵珊','','1987-12-30 00:00:00','18219876577',NULL,9),(8,'小昭','','1989-02-03 00:00:00','18209876567',NULL,1),(9,'双儿','','1993-02-03 00:00:00','18209876579',NULL,9),(10,'王语嫣','','1992-02-03 00:00:00','18209179577',NULL,4),(11,'夏雪','','1993-02-03 00:00:00','18209876579',NULL,9),(12,'赵敏','','1992-02-03 00:00:00','18209179577',NULL,1);
    53 
    54 /*Table structure for table `boys` */
    55 
    56 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `boys`;
    57 
    58 CREATE TABLE `boys` (
    59   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    60   `boyName` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
    61   `userCP` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    62   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    63 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    64 
    65 /*Data for the table `boys` */
    66 
    67 insert  into `boys`(`id`,`boyName`,`userCP`) values (1,'张无忌',100),(2,'鹿晗',800),(3,'黄晓明',50),(4,'段誉',300);
    68 
    69 /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    70 /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    71 /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    72 /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    girls.sql

    连接查询:

      含义:又称多表查询,当查询的字段来自于多个表时,就会用到连接查询

    笛卡尔乘积现象:表1 有m行,表2有n行,结果=m*n行

       产生原因:没有有效的连接条件

       如何避免:添加有效的连接条件

    连接查询分类:

        按年代分类:

          sql92标准:仅仅支持内连接

          sql99标准(推荐):支持内连接+外连接(左外和右外)+交叉连接

        按功能分类:

          内连接:

            等值连接

            非等值连接

            自连接

          外连接:

            左外连接

            右外连接

            全外连接

    SELECT * FROM beauty

    SELECT * FROM boys

     #查询boys表中的boyname和beauty表中的name

    SELECT boyname,name FROM beauty,boys

         

    造成上述结果原因:

    拿一张表的记录去挨个匹配另一张表的记录,因为没有什么筛选条件,匹配条件,所以每一条都匹配成功,最终结果是12x4=48条。这种效果被称为笛卡尔乘积现象。

    SELECT name,boyName FROM boys,beauty

    WHERE beauty.boyfriend_id=beauty.id;    #如果boyfriend_id,id前面不加表名会报错:Column 'id' in where clause is ambiguous。因为不知道id属于那张表,需要加表名来限定

     #一、sql92标准

    #1、等值连接

    #案例1:查询女神名和对应的男神名

    select name,boyName

    from boys,beauty

    where beauty.boyfriend_id = boys.id;

    #案例2:查询员工名和对应的部门名

    select last_name,department_name

    from employees,departments

    where employees.department_id = departments.department_id;

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tan-y-q/p/10501989.html
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