ABAP学习（8）：操作EXCEL

ABAP操作EXCEL

1、EXCEL导入内表

方式1:

    调用function,’F4_FILENAME’获取文件名。通过屏幕元素Prameter的帮助事件，弹出文件选择框，获取选择文件名。

    调用function,’TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP’，将选择excel数据放入内表。

示例：

TYPE-POOLS truxs.
DATA:it_raw TYPE truxs_t_text_data.
"定义一个内表来存储数据，内表的列数和要传得数据的列数要相同，其按照列来匹配传值
DATA: BEGIN OF gt_data OCCURS 0,
     col1 TYPE char10,
     col2 TYPE char10,
      END OF gt_data.
PARAMETERS:p_file TYPE rlgrap-filename.
"调用F4_FILENAME，点击输入框后小方块弹出文件选择框
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.
  CLEAR p_file.
  CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'
    IMPORTING
      file_name = p_file."返回文件名

*Excel传值
START-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM exceltotab.

FORM exceltotab .
  CALL FUNCTION 'TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP'
  EXPORTING
*  I_FIELD_SEPERATOR = ' '     "分隔符？
  i_line_header = 'X'         "是否去掉首行
  i_tab_raw_data = it_raw     "WORK TABLE
  i_filename = p_file
  TABLES
  i_tab_converted_data = gt_data[] "ACTUAL DATA
  EXCEPTIONS
  conversion_failed = 1
  OTHERS = 2.

  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
    WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    "exceltotab

方式2：

直接弹出文件选择弹窗，获取文件路径

data: ts_files type filetable,
          rc         type i.
 refresh ts_files.
 DATA:filename(1024) type C.

 "调用方法，弹出文件选择框，获取选中文件路径
  call method  cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_open_dialog
    exporting
      window_title            = 'Select File'
      default_extension       = '*.xls'
      multiselection          = ' '    " Only one file
    changing
      file_table              = ts_files
      rc                      = rc
    exceptions
      file_open_dialog_failed = 1
      cntl_error              = 2
      error_no_gui            = 3
      not_supported_by_gui    = 4
      others                  = 5.
  read table ts_files into filename index 1. 

自定义function：‘ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE’

 

Structure:ALSMEX_TABLINE,其中VALUE字段类型为CHAR50,如果上传字段长度超过CHAR50,那么上传数据就会不全，所以我们需要自定义Function,修改ALSMEX_TABLINE的VALUE字段。

自定义步骤：

1.复制Sturcture:ALSMEX_TABLINE,自定义名字TEST_ALSMEX_TABLINE修改VALUE的数据类型，定义为需求长度；

2.复制function:ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE,复制之前先创建目标Function group，不然会复制失败；

 

3.在新建Function Group创建include: LZTEST_EXCELF01,将ALSMEX下，includes:LALSMEXF01内容复制到新建include。

 

 4.将ALSMEX下，includes:LALSMEXTOP内容复制到新建Function Group的includes:LZTEST_EXCELTOP中，然后检查，激活。

示例：

*      value of excel-cell
TYPES: ty_d_itabvalue             TYPE alsmex_tabline-value,
*      internal table containing the excel data
       ty_t_itab                  TYPE alsmex_tabline   OCCURS 0,

5.修改TEST_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE，将INTERN参数对应数据类型修改为自定义的TEST_ALSMEX_TABLINE,将LZTEST_EXCELTOP中的ty_d_itabvalue和ty_t_itab对应的数据类型也修改为自定义类型。

 

6.程序中调用function即可。

示例：

 "将excel读取到内表'ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
  DATA :exceltab like alsmex_tabline OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
  Data :filetest like rlgrap-filename VALUE 'D:test.xlsx'.
*  CALL FUNCTION 'ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
  CALL FUNCTION 'TEST_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
    EXPORTING
      filename                = fileTest
      i_begin_col             = 1
      i_begin_row             = 1
      i_end_col               = 20
      i_end_row               = 20000
    TABLES
      intern                  = exceltab
    EXCEPTIONS
      inconsistent_parameters = 1
      upload_ole              = 2
      others                  = 3.

2、OLE2操作EXCEL

使用ABAP程序操作EXCEL，将内表数据写出到EXCEL

OLE2方式操作EXCEL,OLE是将所有EXCEL中组成结构封装成一个ole2的类。通过ole2对象方法来操作Excel。

1、类对象：lo_application:一个Excel；

通过create object语句创建一个excel对象，

CREATE OBJECT lo_application 'Excel.Application'.  "创建excel对象

设置EXCEL的属性，是否可见：

SET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'Visible' = 1.  "设置excel可见
SET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'SheetsInNewWorkbook' = 1.

2、类对象：lo_workbooks :工作簿集合；

通过创建的excel对象，调用Workbooks方法，创建他的工作薄集，

CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'Workbooks'  = lo_workbooks. "调用lo_application的'Workbooks'创建工作簿集

3、类对象：lo_workbook:工作簿；

通过创建的工作薄集对象，调用add方法，创建他的工作薄，

CALL METHOD OF lo_workbooks   'Add'        = lo_workbook.  "调用lo_workbooks 的方法'Add' ,创建工作薄

4、类对象：lo_worksheets:工作表，sheet集合；

    通过EXCEL对象的Sheets方法，创建sheet集合对象

"创建一个sheet集合
CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'Sheets' = lo_worksheets .
"通过sheet集合对象，调用add方法，可以创建多个sheet对象。创建出的sheet对象调用Activate方法，可以激活。
"创建新的work sheet. "默认创建的最新的sheet,处于active状态
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheets 'Add' = new_worksheet.
*CALL METHOD OF new_worksheet 'Activate'.   "激活当前新的sheet

5、类对象：lo_worksheet:工作表，sheet;

    通过EXCEL对象的Activesheet属性，可以获取到当前活动的sheet,这个sheet就是创建初始时，默认存在的sheet。

GET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'ACTIVESHEET' = lo_worksheet.  "获取当前活动sheet,初始创建时,只有一个sheet,且active

     设置sheet的名称，设置sheet的属性name：

SET PROPERTY OF lo_worksheet 'Name' = 'first sheet'. "设置sheet名

6、类对象：lo_cell:excel单元格；

    通过sheet对象，调用方法Cells方法，在当前sheet中创建单元格对象。

"创建单元格
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
   EXPORTING
   # = 1  "Row
   # = 1. "Column

    设置单元格对象属性value，为单元格赋值：

SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'value' = '天'.   "设置单元个值

   设置单元格对象属性NumberFormat，设置单元格数据格式：

"设置单元格值格式,支持excel中的格式
*SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'NumberFormat' = '0.00'.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'NumberFormat' = 'm/d/yy'.

  设置单元格自动换列

"特别长文字，自动换列，看到全部文字
 SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'WrapText' = 1.

  设置水平对齐方式

"设置水平对齐方式
"center =  -4108
"left =  -4131
"right =  -4152
"top = -4160
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'HorizontalAlignment' = -4108.

类对象：lo_font:字体设置对象，调用单元格对象的font方法,获取font对象，通过font对象设置单元格字体。

"设置单元格字体
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'font' = lo_font.
"EXCEL支持的字体名
*SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Name' = 'Agency FB'.   "字体名
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Name' = '微软正黑体'.   "字体名
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Size' = 15.        "大小
"颜色数字规则?
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Color' = -12123441. "颜色
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'TintAndShade' = 0. "明亮度-1~1,1完全透明
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Bold' = 0.  "是否粗体字 0 :false 1:true
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Italic' = 1. "是否斜体 0：false 1:true
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Underline' = 2. "xlUnderlineStyleSingle = 2,下划线

类对象lo_interior,单元格背景;

示例：

通过单元格对象获取lo_interior对象，设置Color或者ColorIndex属性，设置背景颜色，两种方式都可。对应颜色值不清楚？

"设置单元格背景
DATA:lo_interior TYPE ole2_object.
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'interior' = lo_interior.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_interior 'Color' = 12123441.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_interior 'ColorIndex' = 43.

8、类对象：lo_range:多个单元格集合；

选择多个单元格集合。

示例：

选择单元格(1,1)到（3，3）这部分区域:

"选择Ranges of cells
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cellstart
  EXPORTING
    # = 1 "row
    # = 1. "column
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cellend
  EXPORTING
    # = 3 "row
    # = 3. "column
"选中一个区域Cell
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'RANGE' = lo_range
  EXPORTING
    # = lo_cellstart
    # = lo_cellend.

也可以选中一行或者一列单元格:

类对象：lo_column:excel行

"选择列
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Columns' = lo_column
  EXPORTING
    # = 1.

类对象：lo_row:excel列

"选择行
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Row' = lo_row
  EXPORTING
    # = 2.

如果要操作选择部分区域需要lo_selection对象

类对象：lo_selection，选中操作对象

"获取选中区域selection
CALL METHOD OF lo_row 'Select'.
CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'selection' = lo_selection.

9、类对象：lo_validation：验证操作validation对象;

示例：测试失败？

"添加验证
"选中(4，4)
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
  EXPORTING
    # = 4
    # = 4.
"获取选中区域selection
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'Select'.
CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'selection' = lo_selection.
"获取验证对象lo_validation
CALL METHOD OF lo_selection 'Validation' = lo_validation.
"添加验证规则
CALL METHOD OF lo_validation 'Add'
  EXPORTING
    #1 = 4 "验证类型Type 4 = xlValidateDate，验证日期
    #2 = 1 "验证弹窗类型AlertStype  1 = xlValidAlertStop
    #3 = 1 "操作类型，Operator  1 = xlBetween，在之间
    #4 = '1/1/2000'   "Formula1
    #5 = '1/1/2010'.  "Formula2

"设置错误信息
SET PROPERTY OF lo_validation 'ErrorMessage' = 'Enter a valid date'.

10、使用复制粘贴方式将内表数数据写入EXCEL

示例：

"复制粘贴方式将数据写入EXCEL
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Activate'.   "激活当前新的sheet
DATA:test_spfli LIKE TABLE OF spfli WITH HEADER LINE.
TYPES: ty_data(1500) TYPE c.
DATA: lt_data TYPE ty_data OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
DATA:lv_cont TYPE I.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <field>  TYPE ANY.
SELECT * FROM spfli INTO TABLE test_spfli.
* Prepare the data before copy to clipboard;
LOOP AT test_spfli.
  lv_cont = 1.
*    Write for example 5 columns per row.
  DO 5 TIMES.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT lv_cont OF STRUCTURE test_spfli TO <field>.
    "使用#将数据链接起来，数据格式#xxx#xxxx#xxxx
    CONCATENATE lt_data <field> INTO lt_data SEPARATED BY cl_abap_char_utilities=>horizontal_tab.
    ADD 1 TO lv_cont.
  ENDDO.

  "去掉开始#号
  SHIFT lt_data BY 1 PLACES LEFT.
  APPEND lt_data.
  CLEAR lt_data.
ENDLOOP.
* Copy to clipboard into ABAP
CALL FUNCTION 'CONTROL_FLUSH'
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS = 3.
CALL FUNCTION 'CLPB_EXPORT'
  TABLES
    data_tab   = lt_data
  EXCEPTIONS
    clpb_error = 1
    OTHERS     = 2.
* Select the cell A1
CALL METHOD OF
    lo_worksheet
    'Cells'      = lo_cell
  EXPORTING
    #1           = 1  "Row
    #2           = 1. "Column
* Paste clipboard from cell A1
CALL METHOD OF
    lo_cell
    'SELECT'.
CALL METHOD OF
    lo_worksheet
    'PASTE'.

"调用lo_workbook 'SaveAs' 方法保存excel
CALL METHOD OF lo_workbook 'SaveAs'
  EXPORTING
    # = lv_complete_path.
if sy-subrc = 0.
  MESSAGE 'File downloaded successfully' TYPE 'S'.
ELSE.
  MESSAGE 'Error downloading the file' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

完整示例：

TYPE-POOLS: soi,ole2.
DATA: lo_application TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel对象
   lo_workbook   TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel工作薄
   lo_workbooks TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel工作薄集合
   lo_range TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表多个单元格集合
   lo_worksheet TYPE ole2_object,  "代表excel工作表sheet
   lo_worksheets TYPE ole2_object,  "代表excel工作表sheet集合
   lo_column  TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel列
   lo_row   TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel行
   lo_cell  TYPE  ole2_object,  "代表excel单元格
   lo_font  TYPE  ole2_object.  "代表字体

DATA: lo_cellstart      TYPE ole2_object,
      lo_cellend        TYPE ole2_object,
      lo_selection      TYPE ole2_object,
      lo_validation     TYPE ole2_object.

DATA: lv_selected_folder TYPE string,
      lv_complete_path   TYPE char256,
      lv_titulo          TYPE string .  "弹窗描述

DATA: new_worksheet TYPE ole2_object. "新sheet

"调用文件路径选择框,默认路径C:\
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>directory_browse
  EXPORTING
    window_title    = lv_titulo   "弹窗最上方,可以添加描述信息,不是弹窗标题
    initial_folder  = 'C:\'       "初始化选择路径
  CHANGING
    selected_folder = lv_selected_folder  "返回选择路径
  EXCEPTIONS
    cntl_error      = 0
    error_no_gui    = 1
    OTHERS          = 2.
"检查是否获取到路径
CHECK NOT lv_selected_folder IS INITIAL.

DATA:str_len TYPE I.
DATA:temp_sign(1) TYPE C.
str_len = STRLEN( lv_selected_folder ) - 1.
temp_sign = lv_selected_folder+str_len(1).

if temp_sign = '\'.
  "确定保存路径
  CONCATENATE lv_selected_folder 'Test' INTO lv_complete_path.
else.
  "确定保存路径
  CONCATENATE lv_selected_folder '\Test' INTO lv_complete_path.
ENDIF.


"创建excel对象
CREATE OBJECT lo_application 'Excel.Application'.  "创建excel对象
SET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'Visible' = 1.  "设置excel可见
SET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'SheetsInNewWorkbook' = 1.

"创建workbook
CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'Workbooks'  = lo_workbooks. "调用lo_application的'Workbooks'创建工作簿集
CALL METHOD OF lo_workbooks   'Add'        = lo_workbook.  "调用lo_workbooks 的方法'Add' ,创建工作薄

GET PROPERTY OF lo_application 'ACTIVESHEET' = lo_worksheet.  "获取当前活动sheet,初始创建时,只有一个sheet,且active
SET PROPERTY OF lo_worksheet 'Name' = 'first sheet'. "设置sheet名

"创建一个sheet集合
CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'Sheets' = lo_worksheets .

"创建新的work sheet. "默认创建的最新的sheet,处于active状态
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheets 'Add' = new_worksheet.
*CALL METHOD OF new_worksheet 'Activate'.   "激活当前新的sheet
SET PROPERTY OF new_worksheet 'Name' = 'second sheet'. "设置sheet名

"lo_application默认sheet,设置值
"创建单元个
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
   EXPORTING
   # = 1  "Row
   # = 1. "Column
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'value' = '天'.   "设置单元个值

"设置单元格字体
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'font' = lo_font.
"EXCEL支持的字体名
*SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Name' = 'Agency FB'.   "字体名
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Name' = '微软正黑体'.   "字体名
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Size' = 15.        "大小

"创建单元个
CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
   EXPORTING
   # = 1  "Row
   # = 2. "Column
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'value' = '12/03/2010'.   "设置单元个值
"设置单元格值格式,支持excel中的格式
*SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'NumberFormat' = '0.00'.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'NumberFormat' = 'm/d/yy'.

"设置单元格字体
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'font' = lo_font.
"颜色数字规则?
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Color' = -12123441. "颜色
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'TintAndShade' = 0. "明亮度-1~1,1完全透明
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Bold' = 0.  "是否粗体字 0 :false 1:true
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Italic' = 1. "是否斜体 0：false 1:true
SET PROPERTY OF lo_font 'Underline' = 2. "xlUnderlineStyleSingle = 2,下划线

"设置单元格背景
DATA:lo_interior TYPE ole2_object.
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'interior' = lo_interior.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_interior 'Color' = 12123441.

"设置单元格边框
DATA:lo_borders TYPE ole2_object.
"获取边框对象，输入参数‘7’:左边框xlEdgeLeft；‘8’：上边框xlEdgeTop；‘9’：下边框xlEdgeBottom；‘10’：右边框xlEdgeRight
CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'borders' = lo_borders
  EXPORTING
    # = 7.
SET PROPERTY OF lo_borders 'LineStyle' = 1."xlContinuous='1'
SET PROPERTY OF lo_borders 'Weight' = 4."xlThick = 4

"在对应new sheet设置单元格值
"创建单元个
CALL METHOD OF new_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
   EXPORTING
   # = 1  "Row
   # = 1. "Column
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'value' = 'hello2'.   "设置单元个值

"创建单元个
CALL METHOD OF new_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
   EXPORTING
   # = 1  "Row
   # = 2. "Column
SET PROPERTY OF lo_cell 'value' = 'welcome2'.   "设置单元个值


*"选择Ranges of cells
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cellstart
*  EXPORTING
*    # = 1 "row
*    # = 1. "column
*
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cellend
*  EXPORTING
*    # = 3 "row
*    # = 3. "column
*
*"选中一个区域Cell
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'RANGE' = lo_range
*  EXPORTING
*    # = lo_cellstart
*    # = lo_cellend.
*
"选择列
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Columns' = lo_column
*  EXPORTING
*    # = 1.
*"选择行
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Row' = lo_row
*  EXPORTING
*    # = 2.
*
*"获取选中区域selection
*CALL METHOD OF lo_row 'Select'.
*CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'selection' = lo_selection.

*"添加验证
*"选中(4，4)
*CALL METHOD OF lo_worksheet 'Cells' = lo_cell
*  EXPORTING
*    # = 4
*    # = 4.
*"获取选中区域selection
*CALL METHOD OF lo_cell 'Select'.
*CALL METHOD OF lo_application 'selection' = lo_selection.
*"获取验证对象lo_validation
*CALL METHOD OF lo_selection 'Validation' = lo_validation.
*"添加验证规则
*CALL METHOD OF lo_validation 'Add'
*  EXPORTING
*    #1 = 4 "验证类型Type 4 = xlValidateDate，验证日期
*    #2 = 1 "验证弹窗类型AlertStype  1 = xlValidAlertStop
*    #3 = 1 "操作类型，Operator  1 = xlBetween，在之间
*    #4 = '1/1/2000'   "Formula1
*    #5 = '1/1/2010'.  "Formula2
*"设置错误信息
*SET PROPERTY OF lo_validation 'ErrorMessage' = 'Enter a valid date'.


"调用lo_workbook 'SaveAs' 方法保存excel
CALL METHOD OF lo_workbook 'SaveAs'
  EXPORTING
    # = lv_complete_path.
if sy-subrc = 0.
  MESSAGE 'File downloaded successfully' TYPE 'S'.
ELSE.
  MESSAGE 'Error downloading the file' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

CALL METHOD OF  lo_application  'QUIT'.   "退出excel

"释放资源
FREE OBJECT lo_worksheet.
FREE OBJECT new_worksheet.
FREE OBJECT lo_workbook.
FREE OBJECT lo_workbooks.
FREE OBJECT lo_application.

3、DOI操作EXCEL

DOI:Desktop Office Integretion

四个对象：

container: 存放excel电子表格(spreadsheet)的容器。

展示spreadsheet肯定需要一个容器来存放。这个容器一般在dialog screen中定义，也可以直接使用ABAP程序默认的screen（即screen号码为1000的屏幕)。

container control: 容器中用于创建和管理其他Office集成所需要的对象。container control是一个接口，类型是i_oi_container_control。

document proxy: 每一个document proxy的实例代表用office application打开的文档，可以是excel，也可以是word。如果想打开多个文档，需要定义多个实例。document proxy是一个接口，类型为i_oi_document_proxy。

spreadsheet: spreadsheet接口，代表最终要操作的excel文档。spreadhseet的类型是i_oi_spreadsheet

通过Tcode:OAOR,可以将本地文档模板上传到服务器行，通过对应类读取到ABAP程序中进行操作。

如果读取服务器上的文档模板，需要cl_bds_document_set类：

business document set: bds是business document set的缩写。

business document set用于管理后续要操作的文档，可以包含一个或多个文档。

示例:

"容器对象
DATA:gr_container type ref to cl_gui_container.
"管理Excel或其他文档对象
DATA:gr_control type ref to i_oi_container_control.
"文档对象，打开保存文档操作
DATA:gr_document type ref to i_oi_document_proxy.
"sheet操作接口对象
DATA:gr_spreadsheet type ref to i_oi_spreadsheet.

"sheet中选择操作区域range
DATA:gr_ranges type SOI_RANGE_LIST.
DATA:gr_ranges_item TYPE SOI_RANGE_ITEM.
"对应range的填充内容
DATA:gr_contents TYPE SOI_GENERIC_TABLE.
DATA:gr_contents_item TYPE SOI_GENERIC_ITEM.

start-of-selection.
  perform main.

*get container
form get_container.
  "获取容器对象,实例化
  gr_container = cl_gui_container=>screen0."screen0 代表当前1000默认屏幕
endform.                    "get_container

* create container control
form create_container_control.
  "调用方法，创建管理对象control
  CALL METHOD c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_control
    IMPORTING
      control = gr_control.

  "初始化control对象
* initialize control
  CALL METHOD gr_control->init_control
    EXPORTING
      inplace_enabled          = 'X'  "嵌入屏幕显示‘x’
      inplace_scroll_documents = 'X'  "可滚动
      register_on_close_event  = 'X'
      register_on_custom_event = 'X'
      r3_application_name      = 'DOI demo'
      parent                   = gr_container.
endform.

"create excel document
form create_excel_document.
  CALL METHOD gr_control->get_document_proxy
    EXPORTING
      document_type  = 'Excel.Sheet'
      no_flush       = 'X'
    IMPORTING
      document_proxy = gr_document.

  "open_inplace参数控制excel文档是独立显示还是在SAP GUI中嵌入显示。
  "如果嵌入显示，gr_control的init_control方法中，inplace_enabled参数要设为X
  CALL METHOD gr_document->create_document
    EXPORTING
      document_title = 'DOI test'
      no_flush       = ''
      open_inplace   = ''.

endform.         "create_excel_document

"使用spreedsheet填充数据
form fill_data.
  "sheet的名字
  DATA:sheetname(20) TYPE C .
  DATA:error TYPE REF TO I_OI_ERROR.
  DATA:retcode TYPE SOI_RET_STRING.

  "调用document的方法，获取sheet对象
  CALL METHOD gr_document->get_spreadsheet_interface
    EXPORTING
      no_flush        = ''
    IMPORTING
      sheet_interface = gr_spreadsheet
      error           = error.

  "spreadsheet可以获取当前活动sheetname
  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->get_active_sheet
    EXPORTING
      no_flush  = ''
    IMPORTING
      sheetname = sheetname
      error     = error
      retcode   = retcode.

  "获取当前活动sheet指定ranges区域
  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->insert_range_dim
    EXPORTING
      no_flush  = ''
      name      = 'range1'
      left      = 1
      top       = 1
      rows      = 1
      columns   = 2
*     updating  = 1
*     sheetname = 'sheet1'
    IMPORTING
      error     = error
      retcode   = retcode.

*  "修改range的名字，范围
*  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->change_range
*    EXPORTING
*      rangename = 'range1'
*      newname = 'range1'
*      rows = 1
*      columns = 1
**     updating = 1 "默认-1
*    IMPORTING
*      error = error
*      retcode = retcode.

  "设置ranges区域字体
  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->set_font
    EXPORTING
      rangename = 'range1'  "range的名字
      family    = 'Times New Roman'
      size      = 9
      bold      = 0    "加粗
      italic    = 0    "斜体
      align     = 0    "水平居中
    IMPORTING
      error     = error
      retcode   = retcode.

  "设置ranges区域格式
  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->set_format
    EXPORTING
      rangename = 'range1'
      typ       = 0
      currency  = 'RMB'
      decimals  = 1
    IMPORTING
      error     = error
      retcode   = retcode.

  "设置ranges区域
  gr_ranges_item-name = 'range1'.
  gr_ranges_item-rows = 1.
  gr_ranges_item-columns = 2.
  APPEND gr_ranges_item TO gr_ranges.

  "设置内容,value 256长度
  gr_contents_item-row = 1.
  gr_contents_item-column = 1.
  gr_contents_item-value = '112'.
  APPEND gr_contents_item TO gr_contents.

  gr_contents_item-row = 1.
  gr_contents_item-column = 2.
  gr_contents_item-value = '113'.
  APPEND gr_contents_item TO gr_contents.

  "设置sheet中的内容
  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->set_ranges_data
    EXPORTING
      no_flush  = ''
      ranges    = gr_ranges   "选中区域
      contents  = gr_contents "填充内容
*     updating  = ''
*     rangesdef = ''
    IMPORTING
      retcode   = retcode
      error     = error.

*  "创建一个新的sheet
*  call method gr_spreadsheet->add_sheet
*    exporting
*      name = 'sheet1'
*      no_flush = ''
*    importing
*      error = error
*      retcode = retcode.
*  "删除一个sheet
*  call method gr_spreadsheet->delete_sheet
*    exporting
*      name = 'sheet1'
*      no_flush = ''
*    importing
*      error = error
*      retcode = retcode.
  "active指定name的sheet
*  CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->select_sheet
*    EXPORTING
*      name = 'sheet1'
*      no_flush  = ''
*    IMPORTING
*      error     = error
*      retcode   = retcode.
*   "修改sheet名字
*   CALL METHOD gr_spreadsheet->set_sheet_name
*      EXPORTING
*        newname = 'sheet1'
*        oldname = sheetname
*        no_flush  = ''
*      IMPORTING
*        error = error
*        retcode = retcode.
endform.

"保存文档
form save_doc.
  DATA:error TYPE REF TO I_OI_ERROR.
  DATA:retcode TYPE SOI_RET_STRING.
  "保存的文件路径
  DATA:file_name(20) TYPE C VALUE 'D:\test.xls'.

  "只传文件名，不设置路径，该方法会自动默认保存到c盘用户文件下的文档文件夹中）
  CALL METHOD gr_document->save_as
    EXPORTING
      file_name   = file_name
      prompt_user = ''
    IMPORTING
      error       = error
      retcode     = retcode.

endform.

"释放资源
form free_source.
  "关闭文档
  CALL METHOD gr_document->close_document.
  "释放容器
  CALL METHOD gr_container->free.
  "关闭文档管理
  CALL METHOD gr_control->destroy_control.
  FREE gr_control.

  LEAVE PROGRAM.
endform.

form main.
*  skip 1.
  perform get_container.
  perform create_container_control.
  perform create_excel_document.
  Perform fill_data.
  perform save_doc.
  perform free_source.
endform.

带模板的DOI操作：

1、使用Tcode:OAOR，上传指定格式的文档；、

2、通过调用cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_url方法，获取我们上传文档的URL；

3、然后通过gr_document->open_document，将获取的URL传入，打开的就是我们上传的模板文档；

 

使用OAOR，上传模板。Class name:HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD;Class Type:OT;Object Key:可以自己定义，访问时也是通过这个找到我们文件，示例：DOI_EXCEL_TEXT。

 

    可以选择我们要上传的文档类型。这里我们选中excel，双击会弹出一个文件选择框，选择我们要上传的模板文件就可以了。

 

    修改一下描述，或者默认，点击确认就可以了。

 

  我们可以看到已经上传成功。

使用代码访问到我们上传的文档，获取文档的URL

示例：

*business document system
data: gr_bds_documents type ref to cl_bds_document_set,
      g_classname type sbdst_classname,
      g_classtype type sbdst_classtype,
      g_objectkey type sbdst_object_key,
      g_doc_components type sbdst_components,
      g_doc_signature type sbdst_signature.
* template url
data: gt_bds_uris type sbdst_uri,
      gs_bds_url like line of gt_bds_uris,
      g_template_url(256) type c.
g_classname = 'HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD'.
g_classtype = 'OT'.
g_objectkey = 'DOI_EXCEL_TEST'.

form get_template_url.
  CREATE OBJECT gr_bds_documents.
  CALL METHOD cl_bds_document_set=>get_info
    EXPORTING
      classname  = g_classname
      classtype  = g_classtype
      object_key = g_objectkey
    CHANGING
      components = g_doc_components
      signature  = g_doc_signature.
  CALL METHOD cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_url
    EXPORTING
      classname  = g_classname
      classtype  = g_classtype
      object_key = g_objectkey
    CHANGING
      uris       = gt_bds_uris
      signature  = g_doc_signature.

  free gr_bds_documents.
  read table gt_bds_uris into gs_bds_url index 1.
  g_template_url = gs_bds_url-uri.
endform.                    "get_template_url

"通过URL获取模板文档
call method gr_document->open_document
     exporting open_inplace = 'X'
               document_url = g_template_url.

4、常见文档MIME Type

{".3gp",    "video/3gpp"},  

{".apk",    "application/vnd.android.package-archive"},  

{".asf",    "video/x-ms-asf"},  

{".avi",    "video/x-msvideo"},  

{".bin",    "application/octet-stream"},  

{".bmp",    "image/bmp"},  

{".c",  "text/plain"},  

{".class",  "application/octet-stream"},  

{".conf",   "text/plain"},  

{".cpp",    "text/plain"},  

{".doc",    "application/msword"},  

{".docx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"},  

{".xls",    "application/vnd.ms-excel"},   

{".xlsx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"},  

{".exe",    "application/octet-stream"},  

{".gif",    "image/gif"},  

{".gtar",   "application/x-gtar"},  

{".gz", "application/x-gzip"},  

{".h",  "text/plain"},  

{".htm",    "text/html"},  

{".html",   "text/html"},  

{".jar",    "application/java-archive"},  

{".java",   "text/plain"},  

{".jpeg",   "image/jpeg"},  

{".jpg",    "image/jpeg"},  

{".js", "application/x-javascript"},  

{".log",    "text/plain"},  

{".m3u",    "audio/x-mpegurl"},  

{".m4a",    "audio/mp4a-latm"},  

{".m4b",    "audio/mp4a-latm"},  

{".m4p",    "audio/mp4a-latm"},  

{".m4u",    "video/vnd.mpegurl"},  

{".m4v",    "video/x-m4v"},   

{".mov",    "video/quicktime"},  

{".mp2",    "audio/x-mpeg"},  

{".mp3",    "audio/x-mpeg"},  

{".mp4",    "video/mp4"},  

{".mpc",    "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate"},         

{".mpe",    "video/mpeg"},    

{".mpeg",   "video/mpeg"},    

{".mpg",    "video/mpeg"},    

{".mpg4",   "video/mp4"},      

{".mpga",   "audio/mpeg"},  

{".msg",    "application/vnd.ms-outlook"},  

{".ogg",    "audio/ogg"},  

{".pdf",    "application/pdf"},  

{".png",    "image/png"},  

{".pps",    "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},  

{".ppt",    "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},  

{".pptx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"},  

{".prop",   "text/plain"},  

{".rc", "text/plain"},  

{".rmvb",   "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},  

{".rtf",    "application/rtf"},  

{".sh", "text/plain"},  

{".tar",    "application/x-tar"},     

{".tgz",    "application/x-compressed"},   

{".txt",    "text/plain"},  

{".wav",    "audio/x-wav"},  

{".wma",    "audio/x-ms-wma"},  

{".wmv",    "audio/x-ms-wmv"},  

{".wps",    "application/vnd.ms-works"},  

{".xml",    "text/plain"},  

{".z",  "application/x-compress"},  

{".zip",    "application/x-zip-compressed"},  

{"",        "*/*"}