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  • PlaceHolder的两种实现方式

    placeholder属性是HTML5 中为input添加的。在input上提供一个占位符,文字形式展示输入字段预期值的提示信息(hint),该字段会在输入为空时显示。

    1
    <input type="text" name="loginName" placeholder="邮箱/手机号/QQ号">

    目前浏览器的支持情况

    浏览器 IE6/7/8/9 IE10+ Firefox Chrome Safari 
    是否支持 NO YES YES YES YES

    然而,虽然IE10+支持placeholder属性,它的表现与其它浏览器也不一致

    • IE10+里鼠标点击时(获取焦点)placeholder文本消失
    • Firefox/Chrome/Safari点击不消失,而是键盘输入时文本消失

    这相当恶心,如果使用了placeholder属性。产品经理还是不依不饶,会讲为什么IE里是点击的时候提示文本消失,Chrome里却是键盘输入的时候提示文本消失。要求前端工程师改成一样的表现形式。鉴于此,以下两种实现方式均不采用原生的placeholder属性。

    两种方式的思路

    1. (方式一)使用input的value作为显示文本
    2. (方式二)不使用value,添加一个额外的标签(span)到body里然后绝对定位覆盖到input上面

    两种方式各有优缺点,方式一占用了input的value属性,表单提交时需要额外做一些判断工作,方式二则使用了额外的标签。

    方式一

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    /**
     * PlaceHolder组件
     * $(input).placeholder({
     *   word:     // @string 提示文本
     *   color:    // @string 文本颜色
     *   evtType:  // @string focus|keydown 触发placeholder的事件类型
     * })
     *
     * NOTE:
     *   evtType默认是focus,即鼠标点击到输入域时默认文本消失,keydown则模拟HTML5 placeholder属性在Firefox/Chrome里的特征,光标定位到输入域后键盘输入时默认文本才消失。
     *   此外,对于HTML5 placeholder属性,IE10+和Firefox/Chrome/Safari的表现形式也不一致,因此内部实现不采用原生placeholder属性
     */
    $.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {
        var settings = $.extend({
            word: '',
            color: '#ccc',
            evtType: 'focus'
        }, option)
     
        function bootstrap($that) {
            // some alias
            var word    = settings.word
            var color   = settings.color
            var evtType = settings.evtType
     
            // default
            var defColor = $that.css('color')
            var defVal   = $that.val()
     
            if (defVal == '' || defVal == word) {
                $that.css({color: color}).val(word)
            } else {
                $that.css({color: defColor})
            }
     
            function switchStatus(isDef) {
                if (isDef) {
                    $that.val('').css({color: defColor})   
                } else {
                    $that.val(word).css({color: color})
                }
            }
            function asFocus() {
                $that.bind(evtType, function() {
                    var txt = $that.val()
                    if (txt == word) {
                        switchStatus(true)
                    }
                }).bind('blur', function() {
                    var txt = $that.val()
                    if (txt == '') {
                        switchStatus(false)
                    }
                })
            }
            function asKeydown() {
                $that.bind('focus', function() {
                    var elem = $that[0]
                    var val  = $that.val()
                    if (val == word) {
                        setTimeout(function() {
                            // 光标定位到首位
                            $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0})
                        }, 10)                 
                    }
                })
            }
     
            if (evtType == 'focus') {
                asFocus()
            } else if (evtType == 'keydown') {
                asKeydown()
            }
     
            // keydown事件里处理placeholder
            $that.keydown(function() {
                var val = $that.val()
                if (val == word) {
                    switchStatus(true)
                }
            }).keyup(function() {
                var val = $that.val()
                if (val == '') {
                    switchStatus(false)
                    $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0})
                }
            })
        }
     
        return this.each(function() {
            var $elem = $(this)
            bootstrap($elem)
            if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)
        })
    }

    线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/b.html

    会用到 setCursorPosition

    方式二 

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    $.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {
        var settings = $.extend({
            word: '',
            color: '#999',
            evtType: 'focus',
            zIndex: 20,
            diffPaddingLeft: 3
        }, option)
     
        function bootstrap($that) {
            // some alias
            var word    = settings.word
            var color   = settings.color
            var evtType = settings.evtType
            var zIndex  = settings.zIndex
            var diffPaddingLeft = settings.diffPaddingLeft
     
            // default css
            var width       = $that.outerWidth()
            var height      = $that.outerHeight()
            var fontSize    = $that.css('font-size')
            var fontFamily  = $that.css('font-family')
            var paddingLeft = $that.css('padding-left')
     
            // process
            paddingLeft = parseInt(paddingLeft, 10) + diffPaddingLeft
     
            // redner
            var $placeholder = $('<span class="placeholder">')
            $placeholder.css({
                position: 'absolute',
                zIndex: '20',
                color: color,
                 (width - paddingLeft) + 'px',
                height: height + 'px',
                fontSize: fontSize,
                paddingLeft: paddingLeft + 'px',
                fontFamily: fontFamily
            }).text(word).hide()
     
            // 位置调整
            move()
     
            // textarea 不加line-heihgt属性
            if ($that.is('input')) {
                $placeholder.css({
                    lineHeight: height + 'px'
                })
            }
            $placeholder.appendTo(document.body)
     
            // 内容为空时才显示,比如刷新页面输入域已经填入了内容时
            var val = $that.val()
            if ( val == '' && $that.is(':visible') ) {
                $placeholder.show()
            }
     
            function hideAndFocus() {
                $placeholder.hide()
                $that[0].focus()
            }
            function move() {
                var offset = $that.offset()
                var top    = offset.top
                var left   = offset.left
                $placeholder.css({
                    top: top,
                    left: left
                })
            }
            function asFocus() {
                $placeholder.click(function() {
                    hideAndFocus()
                    // 盖住后无法触发input的click事件,需要模拟点击下
                    setTimeout(function(){
                        $that.click()
                    }, 100)
                })
                // IE有些bug,原本不用加此句
                $that.click(hideAndFocus)
                $that.blur(function() {
                    var txt = $that.val()
                    if (txt == '') {
                        $placeholder.show()
                    }
                })
            }
            function asKeydown() {
                $placeholder.click(function() {
                    $that[0].focus()
                })
            }
     
            if (evtType == 'focus') {
                asFocus()
            } else if (evtType == 'keydown') {
                asKeydown()
            }
     
            $that.keyup(function() {
                var txt = $that.val()
                if (txt == '') {
                    $placeholder.show()
                } else {
                    $placeholder.hide()
                }
            })
     
            // 窗口缩放时处理
            $(window).resize(function() {
                move()
            })
     
            // cache
            $that.data('el', $placeholder)
            $that.data('move', move)
     
        }
     
        return this.each(function() {
            var $elem = $(this)
            bootstrap($elem)
            if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)
        })
    }  

    线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/a.html

    方式2 对于以下场景不适合

    1. input初始隐藏

      此时无法取到input的offset,继而无法定位span到input上面。

    2. 包含input的页面dom结构发生变化

      比如页面里删除了一些元素或添加了一些元素,导致input向上或向下偏移,而此时span则没有偏移(span相对body定位)。这比较恶心,可以考虑把span作为input的兄弟元素,即相对内层div定位(而不是body)。但这样必须强制给外层div添加position:relative,添加后可能会对页面布局产生一定影响。

    相关:

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/forms.html#the-placeholder-attribute

    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-placeholder

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tanlujia/p/6361565.html
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