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  • RHCE考试(Linux7)

     

    一、环境模拟

    • * server0.example.com :172.25.0.11
    • * desktop0.example.com :172.25.0.10
    • * 子网掩码为:255.255.255.0
    • * 默认网关为:172.25.0.254
    • 考试中使用的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 操作系统版本对应的
    • 分发包可以通过YUM在下面的链接中找到:http://classroom.example.com/content/rhel7.0/x86_64/dvd
    • 确保您的两台虚拟机的 SELinux 处于强制启用模式

    解题:

    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/classroom.example.com_content_rhel7.0_x86_64_dvd.repo 
    在尾部添加:
    gpgcheck=0
    [root@server0 ~]# yum clean all
    [root@server0 ~]# yum makecache 
    
    两台机器先配置SELINUX:
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
    修改:
    SELINUX=enforcing
    [root@server0 ~]# setenforce 1
    
    两台机配置chronyd:
    添加:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
    server classroom.example.com iburst
    
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
    [root@desktop0 ~]# chronyc sources -v
    
    将网卡全部设置为静态:
    [root@server0 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    
    DEVICE=eth0
    BOOTPROTO=static
    ONBOOT=yes
    TYPE=Ethernet
    NAME=eth0
    IPADDR1=172.25.0.11
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=172.25.0.254
    DNS1=172.25.254.254
    
    DEVICE=eth0
    BOOTPROTO=static
    ONBOOT=yes
    TYPE=Ethernet
    NAME=eth0
    IPADDR1=172.25.0.10
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=172.25.0.254
    DNS1=172.25.254.254

    二、配置SSH

    • 用户能够从域 example.com 内的客户端 SSH 远程访问您的两个虚拟机系统;
    • 在域 my133t.org 内的客户端不能访问您的两个虚拟机系统

    解题:

    在两台机器执行:
    server0: [root@server0
    ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="ssh" accept [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.24.0.0/24" service name="ssh" reject" [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
    desktop0: [root@desktop0
    ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="ssh" accept" [root@desktop0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.24.0.0/24" service name="ssh" reject" [root@desktop0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

    三、配置端口转发

    •  在 172.25.0.0/24 网络中的系统,访问 server0 的本地端口 9394 将被转发到本地端口 443 ;
    •  此设置必须永久有效。

    解题:

    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" forward-port to-port="443" protocol="tcp" port="9394" accept" 
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 

    四、配置链路聚合

    • 在 server0.example.com 和 desktop0.example.com 之间按以下要求配置一个链路 team1 :
    • 此链路使用接口 eth1和 eth2;
    • 此链路在一个接口失效时仍然能工作;
    • 此链路在 server0 使用下面的地址 :172.26.20.10/255.255.255.0 ;
    • 此链路在 desktop0 使用下面的地址 :172.26.20.20/255.255.255.0 ;
    • 此链路在系统重启之后依然保持正常状态。

    解题:

    server:
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1 type team ifname team1 config '{"runner": {"name": "activebackup"}}'
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection modify team1 ipv4.addresses "172.26.20.10/24" ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes  
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1-slave1 ifname eth1 type team-slave master team1
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1-slave2 ifname eth2 type team-slave master team1  
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection reload 
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave1
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave2
    [root@server0 ~]# teamdctl team1 state
    setup:
      runner: activebackup
    ports:
      eth2
        link watches:
          link summary: up
          instance[link_watch_0]:
            name: ethtool
            link: up
      eth1
        link watches:
          link summary: up
          instance[link_watch_0]:
            name: ethtool
            link: up
    runner:
      active port: eth1
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    
    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1 type team ifname team1 config '{"runner": {"name": "activebackup"}}'
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection modify team1 ipv4.addresses "172.26.20.20/24" ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1-slave2 ifname eth2 type team-slave master team1  
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1-slave2 ifname eth2 type team-slave master team1 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team1-slave1 ifname eth1 type team-slave master team1 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection reload 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1
    Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/13)
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave1
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave2
    [root@desktop0 ~]# 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# teamdctl team1 state
    setup:
      runner: activebackup
    ports:
      eth1
        link watches:
          link summary: up
          instance[link_watch_0]:
            name: ethtool
            link: up
      eth2
        link watches:
          link summary: up
          instance[link_watch_0]:
            name: ethtool
            link: up
    runner:
      active port: eth1

    五、配置ipv6

    • 在您的两个考试系统上配置接口 eth0 使用下列 IPv6 地址: 
    •  server0 上的地址应该是 2019:ce11::1748/64 ;
    •  desktop0 上的地址应该是 2019:ce11::1757/64 ;
    • 两个系统必须能与网络 2019:ce11/64 内的系统通信;
    • 地址必须在重启系统后依旧生效;
    • 两个系统必须保持当前的 IPv4 地址并仍然能够通信。

    解题:

    server:
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv6.addresses "2019:ce11::1748/64" ipv6.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection reload 
    [root@server0 ~]# service network restart 
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection reload   
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1  (配置完成ipv6需要重启链路聚合)
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave1
    [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave2
    
    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv6.addresses "2019:ce11::1757/64" ipv6.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection reload 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# service network restart 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1 (配置完成ipv6需要重启链路聚合)
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave1
    [root@desktop0 ~]# nmcli connection up team1-slave2

    六、配置邮件服务

    • 在系统 server0 和 desktop0 上配置邮件服务,满足以下要求:
    • 这些系统不接收外部发送来的邮件;
    • 在这些系统上本地发送的任何邮件都会自动路由到 smtp0.example.com ;
    • 从这些系统上发送的邮件显示来自于 desktop0.example.com ;
    • 您可以通过在 server0.example.com 发送邮件到本地用户 student 来测试您的配置,并将系统 desktop0.example.com 配置为后端邮件服务器,确保可接收并投递来自 server0 的邮件。

    解题:

    server:
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable postfix
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="stmp" accept"    
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24"  port port="25" protocol="tcp" accept"    
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# postconf -e 'inet_interfaces=loopback-only' 
    [root@server0 ~]# postconf -e 'relayhost=[smtp0.example.com]'
    [root@server0 ~]# postconf -e 'mydestination='
    [root@server0 ~]# postconf -e 'myorigin=desktop0.example.com'
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service
    
    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl enable postfix
    [root@desktop0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="stmp" accept" 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24"  port port="25" protocol="tcp" accept"  
    [root@desktop0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# postconf -e 'inet_interfaces=loopback-only' 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# postconf -e 'relayhost=[smtp0.example.com]'
    [root@desktop0 ~]# postconf -e 'mydestination='
    [root@desktop0 ~]# postconf -e 'myorigin=desktop0.example.com'
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service
    [root@desktop0 ~]# echo 'hello'|mail -s testmail student

    七、SMB

    • 在 server0 通过 SMB 共享 /exam_share 目录:
    • 您的 SMB 服务器必须是 WORKSTAFF 工作组的一个成员;
    • 共享名必须为 exam share ;
    • 只有 example.com 域内的客户端可以访问 exam_share 共享;
    • exam_share 必须是可以浏览的;
    • 用户 harris 必须能够读取共享中的内容,如果需要的话,验证的密码是 123456。

    解题:

    server:
    [root@server0 ~]# yum install samba samba-client -y
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable nmb smb
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="samba" accept"    
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    [root@server0 ~]# mkdir  /exam_share -p
    [root@server0 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t 'samba_share_t' '/exam_share(/.*)?'
    [root@server0 ~]# restorecon -Rv /exam_share/
    restorecon reset /exam_share context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# smbpasswd -a harris 
    
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf 
    workgroup = WORKSTAFF
       [exam_share]
            path = /exam_share
            browseable = yes
    
    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# yum install samba-client -y  
    [root@desktop0 ~]# smbclient //172.25.0.11/exam_share -U harris 
    Enter harris's password: 
    Domain=[WORKSTAFF] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.1]
    smb: > ls

    八、SMB多用户挂载

    • 在 server0 通过 SMB 共享目录 /exam_devops,并满足以下要求:
    • 共享名为 exam devops ;
    • 共享目录 exam_devops 只能被 example.com 域中的客户端使用;
    • 共享目录 exam_devops 必须可以被浏览;
    • 用户 johnson 必须能以读的方式访问此共享,该问密码是 123456 ;
    • 用户 kristina 必须能以读写的方式访问此共享,访问密码是 123456 ;
    • 此共享永久挂载在 desktop0.example.com 上的/mnt/exam_devops 目录,并使用用户 johnson 作为认证。任何用户可以通过用户 kristina 来临时获取写的权限。

    解题:

    [root@server0 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t 'samba_share_t' '/exam_devops(/.*)?'
    [root@server0 ~]# restorecon -Rv /exam_devops/
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# setfacl -Rm u:kristina:rwX /exam_devops
    
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf 
      [exam_devops]
            path = /exam_devops
            browseable = yes
            write list = kristina
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart nmb smb
    [root@server0 ~]# smbpasswd -a  kristina
    [root@server0 ~]# smbpasswd -a  johnson 
    
    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# yum install cifs-utils -y
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/exam_devops
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
    //172.25.0.11/exam_devops /mnt/exam_devops cifs defaults,multiuser,username=johnson,password=exam@1748,sec=ntlmssp 0 0
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mount -av
    /                        : ignored
    /mnt/iscsi_storage       : already mounted
    /mnt/exam_devops         : already mounted
    [root@desktop0 ~]# su student
    [student@desktop0 exam_devops]$ ls
    ls: reading directory .: Permission denied
    [student@desktop0 exam_devops]$ cifscreds add 172.25.0.11 -u kristina 
    [student@desktop0 exam_devops]$ touch xx
    [student@desktop0 exam_devops]$ ll
    total 0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 1004 1004 0 Nov 14 07:54 test01
    -rw-r--r--. 1 1004 1004 0 Nov 14 08:12 xx

    九、NFS

    • 在 server0 配置 NFS 服务,要求如下:
    • 以只读的方式共享目录 /nfspublic ,只能被 example.com 域中的系统访问;
    • 以读写的方式共享目录 /nfsprotected ,只能被 example.com 域中的系统访问;
    • 访问 /nfsprotected 需要通过 Kerberos 安全加密,您可以使用下面 URL 提供的密钥:http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/server0.keytab ;
    • 目录 /nfsprotected 应该包含名为 nfsproject 拥有人为 ldapuser0 的子目录;
    • 用户 ldapuser0 能以读写方式访问 /nfsprotected/nfsproject 。

    解题:

    [root@server0 ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y 
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd 
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind 
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service nfs-secure-server.service 
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/nfs 
    RPCNFSDARGS="-V 4.2"
    [root@server0 ~]# wget -O /etc/krb5.keytab  http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/server0.keytab 
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-secure-server.service                         
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service  
    
    [root@server0 ~]# mkdir -p /nfspublic 
    [root@server0 ~]# mkdir -p  /nfsprotected/nfsproject
    [root@server0 ~]# useradd ldapuser0 
    [root@server0 ~]# chown -R ldapuser0  /nfsprotected/nfsproject
    [root@server0 ~]# ls -ldZ /nfsprotected/nfsproject/
    drwxr-xr-x. ldapuser0 root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 /nfsprotected/nfsproject/
    [root@server0 ~]#
    [root@server0 ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t 'public_content_t' '/nfsprotected(/.*)?'
    [root@server0 ~]# restorecon -Rv /nfsprotected/
    restorecon reset /nfsprotected context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:public_content_t:s0
    restorecon reset /nfsprotected/nfsproject context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:public_content_t:s0
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service 
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-secure-server.service 
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/exports
    /nfspublic 172.25.0.0/24(ro,sync)
    /nfsprotected  172.25.0.0/24(rw,sec=krb5p,sync)
    [root@server0 ~]#
    [root@server0 ~]# exportfs -avr
    exporting 172.25.0.0/24:/nfsprotected
    exporting 172.25.0.0/24:/nfspublic
    [root@server0 ~]# 

    十、NFS挂载

    • 在 desktop0 上挂载一个来自 server0.example.com 的共享,并符合下列要求:
    • /nfspublic 挂载在下面的目录上 /mnt/nfsmount ;
    • /nfsprotected 挂载在下面的目录上 /mnt/nfssecure 并使用安全的方式,密钥下载 URL:http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/desktop0.keytab 
    • 用户 ldapuser0 能够在/mnt/nfssecure/nfsproject 上创建文件;
    • 这些文件系统在系统启动时自动挂载。

    解题:

    [root@desktop0 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/nfsmount
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mkdir -p  /mnt/nfssecure
    root@desktop0 ~]# showmount -e 172.25.0.11
    Export list for 172.25.0.11:
    /nfsprotected 172.25.0.0/24
    /nfspublic    172.25.0.0/24
    [root@desktop0 ~]#
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
    172.25.0.11:/nfspublic  /mnt/nfsmount nfs defaults 0 0
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mount -av
    /mnt/nfsmount            : successfully mounted
    [root@desktop0 ~]# wget -O /etc/krb5.keytab http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/desktop0.keytab
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl enable nfs-secure
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-secure
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
    172.25.0.11:/nfsprotected  /mnt/nfssecure   nfs defaults,vers=4.2,sec=krb5p,sync 0 0
    
    (执行 lab nfskrb5 setup,开启ldap和keyboard服务可以挂载,考试时是在设置好这个环境的基础上进行)
    
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mount -av
    /                        : ignored
    /mnt/iscsi_storage       : already mounted
    /mnt/exam_devops         : already mounted
    /mnt/nfsmount            : already mounted
    [root@desktop0 ~]# 

    十一、配置web服务器

    • 为 http://server0.example.com 配置 Web 服务器:
    • 从 URL 地址 http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/station.html 下载一个主页文件,并将该文件重命名为 index.html (此处请新建文件);
    • 将文件 index.html 拷贝到您的 Web 服务器的 DocumentRoot 目录下;
    • 不要对文件 index.html 的内容进行任何修改。

    解题:

    [root@server0 ~]# yum install http* -y
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service 
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="http" accept"
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    [root@server0 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
    [root@server0 conf.d]# cat 1.conf 
    <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName server0.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /var/www/html/index.html  http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/station.html (notfund表示系统环境没有该文件)
    建立测试:
    [root@server0 conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service  
    [root@server0 conf.d]# echo "test01">/var/www/html/index.html
    [root@server0 conf.d]# curl http://server0.example.com       
    test01
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 

    十二、WebTLS加密

    • 为站点 http://server0.example.com 配置 TLS 加密:
    • 一个已签名证书从 http://classroom.example.com/pub/tls/certs/server0.crt 获取;
    • 此证书的密钥从 http://classroom.example.com/pub/tls/private/server0.key 获取;
    • 此证书的签名授权信息从 http://classroom.example.com/pub/example-ca.crt 获取。

    解题:

    [root@server0 conf.d]# yum install mod_ssl -y
    [root@server0 conf.d]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule " rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" service name="https" accept"
    success
    [root@server0 conf.d]# firewall-cmd --reload
    [root@server0 conf.d]# cp -a 1.conf 2.conf 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# cat 2.conf 
    <VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName server0.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html
    SSLEngine on
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
    SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/server0.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/server0.key
    SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example-ca.crt
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /etc/pki/tls/certs/server0.crt http://classroom.example.com/pub/tls/certs/server0.crt 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /etc/pki/tls/private/server0.key http://classroom.example.com/pub/tls/private/server0.key 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /etc/pki/tls/certs/example-ca.crt http://classroom.example.com/pub/example-
    [root@server0 conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# curl -k https://server0.example.com
    test01
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 

    十三、配置虚拟主机

    • 在 server0 上扩展您的 web 服务器,为站点 http://www0.example.com 创建一个虚拟主机,然后执行下述步骤:
    • 设置 DocumentRoot 为/var/www/website ;
    • 从 http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/www.html 下载文件并重命名为index.html (此处请新建文件);
    • 不要对文件 index.html 的内容进行任何修改;
    • 将文件 index.html 放到虚拟主机的 DocumentRoot 目录下 ;
    • 确保 harris 用户能够在 /var/www/website 目录下创建文件;
    • 从 server0 上,任何人都可以浏览 website 的内容,但是从其他系统不能访问这个目录的内容。
    • 注意:原始站点 http://server0.example.com 必须仍然能够访问,名称服务器 example.com 提供对主机名 www0.example.com 的域名解析。

    解题:

    [root@server0 conf.d]# mkdir -p /var/www/website
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /var/www/website/index.html  http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/www.html
    [root@server0 conf.d]# cat 3.conf 
    <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www0.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/website 
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <Directory "/var/www/website">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
        Require local
    </Directory>
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 
    创建测试:
    [root@server0 conf.d]# echo "test03" > /var/www/website/index.html 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# setfacl -Rm u:harris:rwX /var/www/website/
    [root@server0 conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# curl http://www0.example.com
    test03
    [root@server0 conf.d]# 

    十四、web动态页面

    • 在 server0 上配置提供动态 Web 内容,要求如下:
    • 动态内容由名为 webapp0.example.com 的虚拟主机提供
    • 虚拟主机侦听在端口 8998 ;
    • 从 http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/webinfo.wsgi 下载一个脚本,然后放在适当的位置,无论如何不要修改此文件的内容(文件此前已提供);
    • 客户端访问 http://webapp0.example.com:8998 可接收到动态生成的 Web 页;
    • 此 http://webapp0.example.com:8998 必须能被 example.com 域内的所有系统访问。

    解题:

    [root@server0 conf.d]# yum install -y mod_wsgi 
    [root@server0 conf.d]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" port port="8998" protocol="tcp" accept"    
    success
    [root@server0 conf.d]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    success
    [root@server0 conf.d]#
    [root@server0 conf.d]# wget -O /var/www/html/webinfo.wsgi  http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/webinfo.wsgi
       自行上传测试页面
    [root@server0 conf.d]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8998
    [root@server0 conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service            
    [root@server0 conf.d]# curl  http://server0.example.com:8998
    UNIX EPOCH time is now: 1573692142.7
    
    [root@desktop0 ~]# curl  http://server0.example.com:8998
    UNIX EPOCH time is now: 1573692148.15
    [root@desktop0 ~]# 

    十五、编写shell脚本case

    方法一:
    [root@server0 ~]# touch foo.sh
    [root@server0 ~]# chmod 755 foo.sh 
    
    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
     if [ $1 == "redhat" ]; then
    echo "fedora"
    exit 1
    elif [ $1 == "fedora" ]; then
    echo "redhat"
    else
    echo "/root/foo.sh redhat|fedora"
    fi
    else
    echo  "/root/foo.sh redhat|fedora"
    fi
    
    方法二:
    #!/bin/bash
    case $1 in 
    redhat)
    echo "fedora"
    ;;
    fedora)
    echo "redhat"
    ;;
    *)
    echo "/root/foo.sh redhat|fedora"
    esac

    十六、编写shell脚本创建用户

    [root@server0 ~]# touch batchusers
    [root@server0 ~]# chmod 755 batchusers 
    [root@server0 ~]# touch userlist
    [root@server0 ~]# echo user01 >userlist
    
    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
    if [ -f "$1" ]; then
    username=$( cat /root/userlist )
    for uname in $username
    do
    useradd -s /bin/false $uname &>/dev/null
    done
    
    else 
    echo "Input file not found"
    fi
    
    else
    echo "Usage: /root/batchusers userfile"
    fi

    十七、ISCSI服务器

    • 配置 server0 提供一个 iSCSI 服务,目标段名为 iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0 ,并符合下列要求:
    • 服务端口为 3260 ;
    • 使用 iscsi_storage 作其后端卷,其大小为 2 GiB ;
    • 此服务只能被 desktop0.example.com 访问。

    解题:

    server:
    [root@server0 ~]# yum install targetcli -y
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable target
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart target
    [root@server0 ~]# partprobe 
    [root@server0 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
      Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created
    [root@server0 ~]# vgcreate iscsi_vg /dev/vdb1
      Volume group "iscsi_vg" successfully created
    [root@server0 ~]# lvcreate -n iscsi_storage -l 100%VG iscsi_vg
      Logical volume "iscsi_storage" created
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# partprobe 
    [root@server0 ~]# targetcli
    /> ls
    o- / .................................................................. [...]
      o- backstores ....................................................... [...]
      | o- block ........................................... [Storage Objects: 1]
      | | o- iscsi_storage  [/dev/iscsi_vg/iscsi_storage (2.0GiB) write-thru activated]
      | o- fileio .......................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
      | o- pscsi ........................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
      | o- ramdisk ......................................... [Storage Objects: 0]
      o- iscsi ..................................................... [Targets: 1]
      | o- iqn.2019-11.com.example:desktop0 ............................ [TPGs: 1]
      |   o- tpg1 ........................................ [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
      |     o- acls ................................................... [ACLs: 1]
      |     | o- iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0 ............... [Mapped LUNs: 1]
      |     |   o- mapped_lun0 .................. [lun0 block/iscsi_storage (rw)]
      |     o- luns ................................................... [LUNs: 1]
      |     | o- lun0 ....... [block/iscsi_storage (/dev/iscsi_vg/iscsi_storage)]
      |     o- portals ............................................. [Portals: 1]
      |       o- 172.25.0.11:3260 .......................................... [OK]
      o- loopback .................................................. [Targets: 0]
    /> 
    
    /iscsi/iqn.20...:server0/tpg1> set attribute authentication=0
    Parameter authentication is now '0'.
    /iscsi/iqn.20...:server0/tpg1> set attribute generate_node_acls=0
    /> saveconfig 
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule "rule family="ipv4" source address="172.25.0.0/24" port port=3260 protocol="tcp" accept "
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
    success

    十八、ISCSI客户端

    • 配置 desktop0 使其能连接 server0 上提供的 iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0 ,并符合以下要求:
    • 发起端名为 iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0 ;
    • iSCSI 设备在系统启动的期间自动加载;
    • 块设备 iSCSI 上包含一个大小为 1600 MiB 的分区,并格式化为 ext4 文件系统;
    • 此分区挂载在 /mnt/iscsi_storage 上,同时在系统启动的期间自动挂载。

    解题:

    desktop:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl enable iscsi iscsid
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi 
    InitiatorName=iqn.2019-11.com.example:desktop0
    [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl restart iscsi iscsid
    [root@desktop0 ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.25.0.11
    172.25.0.11:3260,1 iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0
    [root@desktop0 ~]#
    [root@desktop0 ~]# iscsiadm -m node -l
    Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260] (multiple)
    Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260] successful.
    [root@desktop0 ~]# 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# partprobe 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# lsblk 
    NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda      8:0    0    2G  0 disk 
    └─sda1   8:1    0  1.6G  0 part 
    vda    253:0    0   10G  0 disk 
    └─vda1 253:1    0   10G  0 part /
    vdb    253:16   0  
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mkdir -p  /mnt/iscsi_storage
    [root@desktop0 ~]# blkid
    /dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs" 
    /dev/sda1: UUID="2689c309-c6c7-4785-8939-d8ac83e0d40c" TYPE="ext4" 
    [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
    UUID="2689c309-c6c7-4785-8939-d8ac83e0d40c"  /mnt/iscsi_storage ext4 defaults,_netdev 0 0
    [root@desktop0 ~]# mount -av
    /                        : ignored
    mount: /mnt/iscsi_storage does not contain SELinux labels.
      ......
    /mnt/iscsi_storage       : successfully mounted
    
    第一次需重启验证(严格按照下列顺序):
    [root@desktop0 ~]# iscsiadm -m node -u
    Logging out of session [sid: 1, target: iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260]
    Logout of [sid: 1, target: iqn.2019-11.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260] successful.
    [root@desktop0 ~]#
    [root@desktop0 ~]# shutdown -h 0
    [root@server0 ~]# reboot
    开启client验证:
    [root@desktop0 ~]# df -lh
    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/vda1        10G  3.1G  7.0G  31% /
    devtmpfs        906M     0  906M   0% /dev
    tmpfs           921M   80K  921M   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs           921M   17M  904M   2% /run
    tmpfs           921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1       1.6G  4.7M  1.5G   1% /mnt/iscsi_storage
    [root@desktop0 ~]# 

    十九、mariadb安装与配置

    • 在 server0 上创建一个 MariaDB 数据库,名为 Inventory,并符合以下条件:
    • 数据库应该包含来自数据库复制的内容,复制文件的 URL 为:http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/maradb.dump ;
    • 数据库只能被 localhost 访问;
    • 除了 root 用户,此数据库只能被用户 Lampard 查询,此用户密码为 123456 ;
    • root 用户的密码为 123456 ,同时不允许空密码登陆。
    [root@server0 ~]# yum groupinstall mariadb mariadb-client -y
    [root@server0 ~]# wget http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/maradb.dump 
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
    [root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
    [root@server0 ~]# mysql_secure_installation 
    Set root password? [Y/n] y
    New password: 
    Re-enter new password: 
    
    Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
     ... Success!
    
    Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
     ... Success!
    
    Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
    
    Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
     ... Success!
    
    [root@server0 ~]# 
    [root@server0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
    MariaDB [(none)]> create database Inventory;
    MariaDB [Inventory]> grant select on Inventory.* to 'Lampard'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [Inventory]> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    [root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip-networking=1
    S[root@server0 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
    [root@server0 ~]# 

    二十、数据库查询

    (略)


    https://www.cnblogs.com/tanshouke/p/12187419.html

    注:原创帖,转载需注明出处


    上一篇:RHCSA考试:https://www.cnblogs.com/tanshouke/p/12186366.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tanshouke/p/12187419.html
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