HBase 学习（三） JavaAPI的使用

一，前言

二，HBaseDDL

三，HBaseDML

正文

一，前言

　　一般情况下不会直接在Shell对Hbase进行操作，而是通过提高的API，我们先对Java的API进行介绍。

二，HBaseDDL

　　如下所示就是HBaseDDL的简单操作：

package cn.edu360.hbase.demo;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.BloomType;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;


/**
 *  
 *  1、构建连接
 *  2、从连接中取到一个表DDL操作工具admin
 *  3、admin.createTable(表描述对象);
 *  4、admin.disableTable(表名);
    5、admin.deleteTable(表名);
    6、admin.modifyTable(表名，表描述对象);    
 *  
 * @author hunter.d
 *
 */
public class HbaseClientDDL {
    Connection conn = null;
    
    @Before
    public void getConn() throws Exception{
        // 构建一个连接对象
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); // 会自动加载hbase-site.xml
        conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "hdp-01:2181,hdp-02:2181,hdp-03:2181");
        
        conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
    }
    
    
    
    /**
     * DDL
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testCreateTable() throws Exception{

        // 从连接中构造一个DDL操作器
        Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
        
        // 创建一个表定义描述对象
        HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        // 创建列族定义描述对象
        HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor_1 = new HColumnDescriptor("base_info");
        hColumnDescriptor_1.setMaxVersions(3); // 设置该列族中存储数据的最大版本数,默认是1
        
        HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor_2 = new HColumnDescriptor("extra_info");
        
        // 将列族定义信息对象放入表定义对象中
        hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor_1);
        hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor_2);
        
        
        // 用ddl操作器对象：admin 来建表
        admin.createTable(hTableDescriptor);
        
        // 关闭连接
        admin.close();
        conn.close();
        
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 删除表
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testDropTable() throws Exception{
        
        Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
        
        // 停用表
        admin.disableTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        // 删除表
        admin.deleteTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        
        admin.close();
        conn.close();
    }
    
    // 修改表定义--添加一个列族
    @Test
    public void testAlterTable() throws Exception{
        
        Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
        
        // 取出旧的表定义信息
        HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        
        // 新构造一个列族定义
        HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor("other_info");
        hColumnDescriptor.setBloomFilterType(BloomType.ROWCOL); // 设置该列族的布隆过滤器类型
        
        // 将列族定义添加到表定义对象中
        tableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor);
        
        
        // 将修改过的表定义交给admin去提交
        admin.modifyTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"), tableDescriptor);
        
        
        admin.close();
        conn.close();
        
    }

}

三，HBaseDML

　　如下所示就是HbaseDML的简单操作：

package cn.edu360.hbase.demo;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HbaseClientDML {
    Connection conn = null;
    
    @Before
    public void getConn() throws Exception{
        // 构建一个连接对象
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); // 会自动加载hbase-site.xml
        conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "hdp-01:2181,hdp-02:2181,hdp-03:2181");
        
        conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 增
     * 改:put来覆盖
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testPut() throws Exception{
        
        // 获取一个操作指定表的table对象,进行DML操作
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        // 构造要插入的数据为一个Put类型(一个put对象只能对应一个rowkey)的对象
        Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("001"));
        put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("张三"));
        put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes("18"));
        put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("北京"));
        
        
        Put put2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("002"));
        put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("李四"));
        put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes("28"));
        put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("上海"));
    
        
        ArrayList<Put> puts = new ArrayList<>();
        puts.add(put);
        puts.add(put2);
        
        
        // 插进去
        table.put(puts);
        
        table.close();
        conn.close();
        
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 循环插入大量数据
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testManyPuts() throws Exception{
        
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        ArrayList<Put> puts = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
            Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(""+i));
            put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("张三"+i));
            put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes((18+i)+""));
            put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("北京"));
            
            puts.add(put);
        }
        
        table.put(puts);
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 删
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testDelete() throws Exception{
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        // 构造一个对象封装要删除的数据信息
        Delete delete1 = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("001"));
        
        Delete delete2 = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("002"));
        delete2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"));
        
        ArrayList<Delete> dels = new ArrayList<>();
        dels.add(delete1);
        dels.add(delete2);
        
        table.delete(dels);
        
        
        table.close();
        conn.close();
    }
    
    /**
     * 查
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testGet() throws Exception{
        
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        Get get = new Get("002".getBytes());
        
        Result result = table.get(get);
        
        // 从结果中取用户指定的某个key的value
        byte[] value = result.getValue("base_info".getBytes(), "age".getBytes());
        System.out.println(new String(value));
        
        System.out.println("-------------------------");
        
        // 遍历整行结果中的所有kv单元格
        CellScanner cellScanner = result.cellScanner();
        while(cellScanner.advance()){
            Cell cell = cellScanner.current();
            
            byte[] rowArray = cell.getRowArray();  //本kv所属的行键的字节数组
            byte[] familyArray = cell.getFamilyArray();  //列族名的字节数组
            byte[] qualifierArray = cell.getQualifierArray();  //列名的字节数据
            byte[] valueArray = cell.getValueArray(); // value的字节数组
            
            System.out.println("行键: "+new String(rowArray,cell.getRowOffset(),cell.getRowLength()));
            System.out.println("列族名: "+new String(familyArray,cell.getFamilyOffset(),cell.getFamilyLength()));
            System.out.println("列名: "+new String(qualifierArray,cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength()));
            System.out.println("value: "+new String(valueArray,cell.getValueOffset(),cell.getValueLength()));
            
        }
        
        table.close();
        conn.close();
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 按行键范围查询数据
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    @Test
    public void testScan() throws Exception{
        
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"));
        
        // 包含起始行键，不包含结束行键,但是如果真的想查询出末尾的那个行键，那么，可以在末尾行键上拼接一个不可见的字节（00）
        Scan scan = new Scan("10".getBytes(), "1000001".getBytes());
        
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        
        Iterator<Result> iterator = scanner.iterator();
        
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            
            Result result = iterator.next();
            // 遍历整行结果中的所有kv单元格
            CellScanner cellScanner = result.cellScanner();
            while(cellScanner.advance()){
                Cell cell = cellScanner.current();
                
                byte[] rowArray = cell.getRowArray();  //本kv所属的行键的字节数组
                byte[] familyArray = cell.getFamilyArray();  //列族名的字节数组
                byte[] qualifierArray = cell.getQualifierArray();  //列名的字节数据
                byte[] valueArray = cell.getValueArray(); // value的字节数组
                
                System.out.println("行键: "+new String(rowArray,cell.getRowOffset(),cell.getRowLength()));
                System.out.println("列族名: "+new String(familyArray,cell.getFamilyOffset(),cell.getFamilyLength()));
                System.out.println("列名: "+new String(qualifierArray,cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength()));
                System.out.println("value: "+new String(valueArray,cell.getValueOffset(),cell.getValueLength()));
            }
            System.out.println("----------------------");
        }
    }

}