三 多表查询
a 语法: select field from table1 inner/left/right/ join table2
on table1.fieldx = table1.fieldy;
不使用 inner /left/ right 连接:
(两张表的数据其中一张表的每条记录对应对方的每一条) >>>生成笛卡尔积
mysql> select * from employee,department;
+----+----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+----+----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 200 | 技术 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 203 | 运营 |
| 5 | nvshen | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 5 | nvshen | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 5 | nvshen | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |
| 5 | nvshen | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |
| 6 | xiaomage | female | 18 | 204 | 200 | 技术 |
| 6 | xiaomage | female | 18 | 204 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 6 | xiaomage | female | 18 | 204 | 202 | 销售 |
| 6 | xiaomage | female | 18 | 204 | 203 | 运营 |
b inner内连接: 匹配出字段能匹配的结果, 没有对应的结果不显示
#找两张表共有的部分，相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了匹配的结果
#department没有204这个部门，因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+---------+------+--------+--------------+
| id | name | age | sex | name |
+----+---------+------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | 18 | male | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | 48 | female | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | 38 | male | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | 28 | female | 销售 |
| 5 | nvshen | 18 | male | 技术 |
+----+---------+------+--------+--------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
#上述sql等同于
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;
left 左连接: 匹配左表的每一条数据, 另一张表无对应则 zerofill
#以左表为准，即找出所有员工信息，当然包括没有部门的员工
#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加左边有，右边没有的结果
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+----------+--------------+
| id | name | depart_name |
+----+----------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | 技术 |
| 5 | nvshen | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |
| 6 | xiaomage | NULL |
+----+----------+--------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
right 右连接: 匹配右表的每一条数据, 另一张表无对应则 zerofill
#以右表为准，即找出所有部门信息，包括没有员工的部门
#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加右边有，左边没有的结果
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+------+---------+--------------+
| id | name | depart_name |
+------+---------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |
| 5 | nvshen | 技术 |
| NULL | NULL | 运营 |
+------+---------+--------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
全外连接: 高版本支持 full join,
#外连接：在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果
#注意：mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN
#强调：mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接
语法：select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union all
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id;
mysql> select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
;
+------+----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+------+----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 5 | nvshen | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 6 | xiaomage | female | 18 | 204 | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 运营 |
+------+----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
#注意 union与union all的区别：union会去掉相同的纪录
C 子查询: 1. 将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中, ()括起来
2, 内层查询语句的查询结果 , 可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件
3, 子查询中可以包含 in, not in, any, all, exists, no exists 等关键字
4, 可以包含比较运算符: = > < != ...
tip : 查询条件不为空, is not null 不能用 !=null
select @@global.sql_mode; 查询全局模式
select @@sql_mode; 查询当前库
select post, group_concat(name) from employee group by post; //concat拼接所以字段,否则无法查询所以的信息
mysql> select post, avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary)>10000 and avg(salary)<20000; //必须写and 不能省