mysql 安装
# uninstall mariadb
rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-
# copy mysql packge to /tmp
scp 本地文件 远程用户名@IP地址:/远程存放目录
# uzip mysql.zip
tar -vxzf /tmp/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/mysql
# Create mysql group
groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# Creatr mysql user
useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
# alter mysql 权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
# 创建数据文件夹和日志文件夹
mkdir /opt/mysqlData
mkdir /opt/mysqlLog
chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysqlData
chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysqlLog
# vi my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
粘贴以下内容
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#mysql 数据目录
datadir=/opt/mysqlData
#mysql错误日志目录
log-error=/opt/mysqlLog/mysql-err.log
user=mysql
#兼容远程连接
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
character-set-server=utf8
sql_mode='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
default-character-set=utf8
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
# 制作启动文件
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
将basedir = 改为 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
将datadir = 改为 datadir = /opt/mysqlData
# 给予/etc/init.d/mysqld运行权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
cd /tmp
touch mysql.sock
chown mysql:mysql mysql.sock
chmod 755 mysql.sock
# 配置环境变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
#初始化数据库，会自动为root帐户生成一个初始密码，要记录下来 删除/opt/mysqlData目录下内容可以重新初始化
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysqlData
#密码可在 cat /opt/mysqlLog/mysql-err.log 查看 或在 /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_err.log
# 启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
# mysql启动 相关命令
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
service mysqld start //启动mysql
service mysqld stop //停止mysql
netstat -tnlp //查看是否启动
# 连接mysql
mysql -hip地址 -u用户名 -p
输入密码
重置新密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';
# 创建远程连接
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
#CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; //8.0以上方法
#grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' ; //8.0以上方法
grant all privileges on *.* to ‘root'@'%' ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 防火墙配置（centos7 防火墙开启3306）
查看已经开放的端口：
firewall-cmd --list-ports
开启端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 修改用户密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'youpassword';
或者
mysql> set password=password("youpassword");
#刷新权限mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> help contents
#创建授权主机用户
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
# 删除授权主机用户
DROP USER 'root'@'%';
# 解决CentOS7出现的”Failed to start firewalld.service”问题既然没有启动，于是就执行”systemctl start firewalld”启动，但是又出现”Failed to start firewalld.service: Unit is masked.”错误。继续找解决方法，然后输入”systemctl unmask firewalld.service”。
# 解决CentOS7出现的”Failed to start firewalld.service”问题然后再启动”systemctl start firewalld.service”即可解决问题没有报错。