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  • Delegate比较全面的例子

    将Delegate理解为接口,只有一个方法的接口,这样最容易理解。这个方法只有声明,没有实现,实现在别的类。(实际上应该把它看作函数指针,不过接口更容易理解些。)

    在你的类中有一个Delegate就相当于有一个接口。通过这个接口你可以调用一个方法,而这个方法在别的类定义,由别的类来干。

    为了说的形象一点,举个例子:

    学生考试完后成绩出来了,考的好了老师要表扬,考的不好了老师要批评。

    使用接口的方法:

    using System;

    public class Student

    {

         private IAdviser adviser;

     

         public void SetAdviser(IAdviser iadviser)

         {

             adviser = iadviser;

         }

     

         private int score;

     

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (adviser != null)

                  {

                       string result = adviser.Advise(score);

                       Console.Out.WriteLine("学生收到老师返回的结果\t"+result);

                  }

             }

         }

    }
    public interface IAdviser

    {

         string Advise(int score);

    }

     

    public class Teacher : IAdviser

    {

         public string Advise(int score)

         {

             if (score < 60)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说加油");

                  return "不及格";

             }

             else

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说不错");

                  return "及格";

             }

         }

     

     

    }

     

    class MainClass

    {

         [STAThread]

         private static void Main(string[] args)

         {

             IAdviser teacher = new Teacher();

             Student s = new Student();

             s.SetAdviser(teacher);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生得到50分");

             s.SetScore(50);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("\n学生得到75分");

             s.SetScore(75);

     

             Console.ReadLine();

         }

    }

    使用Delegate的方法:

    using System;

    using System.Threading;

     

    public class Student

    {

     

         private int score;

     

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                       string result=AdviseDelegateInstance(score);

                       Console.Out.WriteLine("学生收到老师返回的结果\t"+result);

                  }

             }

         }

     

         public  delegate string AdviseDelegate(int score);

            

         public AdviseDelegate AdviseDelegateInstance;

    }

     

    public class Teacher

    {

         public string Advise(int score)

         {

            if(score<60)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说加油");

                  return "不及格";

             }

             else

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说不错");

                  return "及格";

             }

         }

    }

     

    class MainClass

    {

         [STAThread]

         static void Main(string[] args)

         {

             Teacher teacher=new Teacher();

             Student s=new Student();

     

             s.AdviseDelegateInstance=new Student.AdviseDelegate(teacher.Advise);

            

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生得到50分");

             s.SetScore(50);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("\n学生得到75分");

             s.SetScore(75);

     

             Console.ReadLine();

         }

    }

    如果老师很忙不能及时回复怎么办?比如这样:

    public class Teacher

    {

         public string Advise(int score)

         {

             Thread.Sleep(3000);

             if(score<60)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说加油");

                  return "不及格";

             }

             else

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score+"老师说不错");

                  return "及格";

             }

         }

    } 总不能让学生一直等下去吧,采用多线程并发的办法。 Interface的解决办法: 
         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (adviser != null)

                  {

                       Thread.adviserThread=new Thread(new ThreadStart(adviser.Advise()));

                       adviserThread.Start();

                  }

             }

         }

     

    但是它不能使用带参数的函数,怎么办?(谁知道方法请指教) .Net2.0提供了新的方法ParameterizedThreadStart

    Delegate解决(异步调用):

       public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                         AdviseDelegateInstance.BeginInvoke(score,null,null);                   

                  }

             }

         }

    不过这样我们失去了老师的返回结果,不知道有没有及格了。

    采用轮讯的方法去获得结果:

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

     

                           IAsyncResult res = AdviseDelegateInstance.BeginInvoke(score,null, null);

     

                           while( !res.IsCompleted ) System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);

     

                           string result = AdviseDelegateInstance.EndInvoke(res);

                           Console.Out.WriteLine("学生收到老师返回的结果\t"+result);

                      

                  }

             }

         }

     

    不过这样主线程又被阻塞了,采用回调的方式: (注:接口也可以采用回调的方式获得返回值)

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                       IAsyncResult res = AdviseDelegateInstance.BeginInvoke(score, new System.AsyncCallback(CallBackMethod), null);

                  }

             }

         }

     

         private void CallBackMethod(IAsyncResult asyncResult)

         {  

             string result = AdviseDelegateInstance.EndInvoke(asyncResult);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生收到老师返回的结果\t" + result);

         }

    这样就比较得到了一个比较好的解决方案了。我们再来看看BeginInvoke的第四个参数是干吗的呢?

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                       AdviseDelegateInstance.BeginInvoke(score, new System.AsyncCallback(CallBackMethod), "idior");

                  }

             }

         }

     

         private void CallBackMethod(IAsyncResult asyncResult)

         {

             string result = AdviseDelegateInstance.EndInvoke(asyncResult);

             string stateObj=(string)asyncResult.AsyncState;

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生{0}收到老师返回的结果\t" + result,stateObj.ToString());

         }

     

    哦,原来它可以用来标记调用者的一些信息。(这里采取的是硬编码的方式,你可以把它改为学生的id之类的信息)。

    总结:Delegate类似与Interface但是功能更加强大和灵活,它甚至还可以绑定到Static方法只要函数签名一致,而且由于+=操作符的功能,实现多播也是极为方便(即Observer模式),在此不再举例。

    (补充:多播的时候改一下SetScore函数)

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                 

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                       foreach( AdviseDelegate ad in AdviseDelegateInstance.GetInvocationList())

                       {

                           ad.BeginInvoke(score, new System.AsyncCallback(CallBackMethod), "idior");

                       }

                  }

             }

         }

     

    本文没什么新的内容,就是自己练一下手,写个总结材料,希望对大家有帮助。.net2.0提供了更好的线程模型。

     

    完整源代码如下:

      

     

    using System;

    using System.Threading;

     

    public class Student

    {

         private int score;

     

     

         public void SetScore(int value)

         {

             if (value > 100 || value < 0)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine("分数不对");

             }

             else

             {

                  score = value;

                  if (AdviseDelegateInstance!= null)

                  {

                       AdviseDelegateInstance.BeginInvoke(score, new System.AsyncCallback(CallBackMethod), "idior");

                  }

             }

         }

     

         private void CallBackMethod(IAsyncResult asyncResult)

         {

             string result = AdviseDelegateInstance.EndInvoke(asyncResult);

             string stateObj=(string)asyncResult.AsyncState;

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生{0}收到老师返回的结果\t" + result,stateObj);

         }

     

        

     

         public delegate string AdviseDelegate(int score);

     

         public AdviseDelegate AdviseDelegateInstance;

     

     

    }

     

    public class Teacher

    {

         public string Advise(int score)

         {

             Thread.Sleep(3000);

             if (score < 60)

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score + "老师说加油");

                  return "不及格";

             }

             else

             {

                  Console.Out.WriteLine(score + "老师说不错");

                  return "及格";

             }

         }

    }

     

    class MainClass

    {

         [STAThread]

         private static void Main(string[] args)

         {

             Teacher teacher = new Teacher();

             Student s = new Student();

     

             s.AdviseDelegateInstance= new Student.AdviseDelegate(teacher.Advise);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("学生得到50分");

             s.SetScore(50);

     

             Console.Out.WriteLine("\n学生得到75分");

             s.SetScore(75);

     

     

             Console.ReadLine();

         }

    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tearer/p/2523615.html
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