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  • Maven的继承以及import作用域

    Maven的pom文件中可继承的元素包括:

      groupId:项目ID,项目坐标核心元素

      version:项目版本

      description:描述信息

      organization:组织信息

      inceptionYear:创始年份

      url:项目URL地址

      developers:开发者信息

      distributionManagement:项目部署配置

      issueManagement:项目缺陷跟踪系统信息

      ciManagement:项目持续集成系统信息

      scm:项目版本控制系统信息

      mailingLists:邮件列表

      properties:自定义属性

      dependencies:依赖配置

      dependencyManagement:依赖配置管理

      repositories:仓库配置

      build:构建信息,包括源码目录,输出目录,插件配置,插件管理配置

      reporting:项目的报告输出目录配置,报告插件配置。

    大部分配置都是说明性质的信息配置,这里主要介绍依赖配置,依赖管理配置,插件配置,插件管理配置。示例如下:

      父项目配置文件:

    <!-- 父项目本身除了一个pom.xml文件,不包含其它内容 -->
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-study-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>    <!-- 父项目的packing必须为pom -->
    
        <name>maven-study-parent</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <!-- dependencies标签中的依赖会被子项目完全继承:即父项目中有的依赖都会出现在子项目中 -->
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.1</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        
        <!-- 依赖管理中声明的依赖并不会被子项目直接继承,在子项目中需要声明,但是只需要声明groupId和artifactId -->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.40</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
                    <version>42.0.0</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
                    <version>2.9.0</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>junit</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    <version>4.10</version>
                    <scope>test</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <build>
            <!-- 插件管理,可供子项目继承 -->
            <pluginManagement>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.1</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <source>1.7</source>
                            <target>1.7</target>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </pluginManagement>
        </build>
    </project>

    子项目配置:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <!-- parent标签声明继承的父项目信息 -->
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-study-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
            <!-- 父项目的pom.xml相对于当前项目的位置 -->
            <relativePath>../maven-study-parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
        </parent>
    
        <!-- groupId可以继承,也可以覆盖,通常不需要覆盖 -->
        <groupId>com.cbm.stud</groupId>
        <!-- 不可继承,子项目坐标的关键属性 -->
        <artifactId>maven-study-account</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.2</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>maven-study-account</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <!-- 父项目中dependencies标签声明的依赖被直接继承,例如mybatis包 -->
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 继承自父项目的依赖,只需指明groupId和artifactId -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <!-- 继承自父项目的插件依赖,此处省略也可继承 -->
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

     使用import属性实现依赖的多继承:

    父项目a:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-parent-a</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
        <name>maven-parent-a</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>junit</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    <version>4.10</version>
                    <scope>test</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    </project>

    父项目b:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-parent-b</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
        <name>maven-parent-b</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                    <version>3.4.1</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.40</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    </project>

    继承 a 和 b 的子项目:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-study-mail</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>maven-study-mail</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <!-- 此处继承了a 和 b 两个项目,type为pom,scope 为 import -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-parent-a</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.cbm.stu</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-parent-b</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 从继承的父项目中继承依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

    ----------------------

    The end!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/techroad4ca/p/6512591.html
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