在实际的项目中,常遇到延时触发工作以及定时触发工作
这里所讲的是借助第三方的组件 Quartz.Net 来实现(源码位置:https://github.com/quartznet/quartznet)
实现思路(来自博友wuzh)
一:继承并实现IJob接口,在Execute 方法中写你要定时执行的事情(切记 )
二:使用Quartz创建任务调度核心代码步骤
1、配置Quartz,创建工厂,开启调度。
2、创建工作任务
3、创建触发器
4、将任务加入到任务池
Demo 创建控制台应用程序,定时发送邮件以及延时写日志
1 在vs2015中使用Nuget,获取Quartz
2 创建两个作业
/// <summary> /// 继承并实现IJob接口,在Execute 方法中写你要定时执行的事情(切记 ) /// </summary> public class MyJob : IJob { public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { Task task = null; try { string fileName = "printlog.txt"; using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(fileName, true)) { task = writer.WriteLineAsync(string.Format("{0},测试", DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString())); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0},测试", DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString())); } } catch (Exception) { } return Task.CompletedTask; } } /// <summary> /// 发邮件 /// </summary> public class SendEmailJob : IJob { public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { //Smtp sendEmail.SendMailUseGmail("49564753X@qq.com", "49564753X@qq.com", "terryK", "Quartz.net定时作业", "Quartz.net定时发送邮件", "tiyklkinqanxbgXX", 587, "smtp.qq.com", true); return Task.CompletedTask; } } public class sendEmail { public static Task SendMailUseGmail(string toUserAddress, string fromUserAddress, string fromUserName, string contextName, string context, string fromUserPass, int port, string host, bool sslState) { using (MailMessage mailMessage = new MailMessage()) { mailMessage.To.Add(toUserAddress); mailMessage.From = new MailAddress(fromUserAddress, fromUserName, Encoding.UTF8); mailMessage.Subject = contextName; mailMessage.SubjectEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; mailMessage.Body = context; mailMessage.BodyEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false; mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.High; SmtpClient smtpClient = new SmtpClient(); smtpClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(fromUserAddress, fromUserPass); smtpClient.Port = port; smtpClient.Host = host; smtpClient.EnableSsl = sslState; try { smtpClient.Send(mailMessage); Console.WriteLine("发送成功,请查看"); } catch (SmtpException var_3_A8) { Console.WriteLine(var_3_A8.ToString()); } } return Task.CompletedTask; } }
3 创建QuartzHelper,用于配置环境以及完成 IScheduler, IJobDetails 与 ITrigger之间的配置
public class QuartzHelper { static readonly IScheduler _scheduler; static QuartzHelper() { #region 配置 Quartz NameValueCollection properties = new NameValueCollection { {"quartz.serializer.type","binary"} }; // 设置线程池 properties["quartz.threadPool.type"] = "Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz"; //设置线程池的最大线程数量 properties["quartz.threadPool.threadCount"] = "10"; //设置作业中每个线程的优先级 properties["quartz.threadPool.threadPriority"] = ThreadPriority.Normal.ToString(); // 远程输出配置 properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.type"] = "Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz"; properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.port"] = "555"; //配置端口号 properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName"] = "QuartzScheduler"; properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType"] = "tcp"; //协议类型 #endregion //创建一个工厂 var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory(properties); //启动 _scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result; //1、开启调度 _scheduler.Start(); } /// <summary> /// 时间间隔执行任务 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">任务类,必须实现IJob接口</typeparam> /// <param name="seconds">时间间隔(单位:秒)</param> public static async Task AsyncExecuteInterval<T>(int seconds) where T : IJob { //2、创建工作任务 IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>() .WithIdentity("printlog", "LogGroup") .Build(); // 3、创建触发器 ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .StartNow() .WithIdentity("LogTrigger", "LogGroup") .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x.WithIntervalInSeconds(seconds).RepeatForever()) .Build(); //4、将任务加入到任务池 await _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger); } /// <summary> /// 指定时间执行任务 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">任务类,必须实现IJob接口</typeparam> /// <param name="cronExpression">cron表达式,即指定时间点的表达式</param> public static async Task<bool> AsyncExecuteByCron<T>(string cronExpression) where T : IJob { //2、创建工作任务 IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>() .WithIdentity("SendEmailJob", "EmailGroup") .Build(); //3、创建触发器 ICronTrigger trigger = (ICronTrigger)TriggerBuilder.Create() .StartNow() .WithIdentity("SendEmail", "EmailGroup") .WithCronSchedule(cronExpression) .Build(); //4、将任务加入到任务池 await _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger); return true; } }
4 运行调用
public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Task.Run(() => { string cronExpression = "0 36 15,20 ? * MON-FRI"; // =>周一到周五 每天上午8:30以及下午8:30执行定时任务(发送邮件) QuartzHelper.AsyncExecuteByCron<SendEmailJob>(cronExpression).Wait(); });//=>这是调用Cron计划方法 Task.Run(() => QuartzHelper.AsyncExecuteInterval<MyJob>(5).Wait()); /* 简单说一下Cron表达式: 由7段构成:秒 分 时 日 月 星期 年(可选) "-" :表示范围 MON-WED表示星期一到星期三 "," :表示列举 MON,WEB表示星期一和星期三 "*" :表是“每”,每月,每天,每周,每年等 "/" :表示增量:0/15(处于分钟段里面) 每15分钟,在0分以后开始,3/20 每20分钟,从3分钟以后开始 "?" :只能出现在日,星期段里面,表示不指定具体的值 "L" :只能出现在日,星期段里面,是Last的缩写,一个月的最后一天,一个星期的最后一天(星期六) "W" :表示工作日,距离给定值最近的工作日 "#" :表示一个月的第几个星期几,例如:"6#3"表示每个月的第三个星期五(1=SUN...6=FRI,7=SAT) 如果Minutes的数值是 '0/15' ,表示从0开始每15分钟执行 如果Minutes的数值是 '3/20' ,表示从3开始每20分钟执行,也就是‘3/23/43’ */ Console.ReadKey(); } }
5 整个Demo代码
using Quartz; using Quartz.Impl; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Mail; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Quartz { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Task.Run(() => { string cronExpression = "0 30 8,20 ? * MON-FRI"; // =>周一到周五 每天上午8:30以及下午8:30执行定时任务(发送邮件) QuartzHelper.AsyncExecuteByCron<SendEmailJob>(cronExpression).Wait(); });//=>这是调用Cron计划方法 Task.Run(() => QuartzHelper.AsyncExecuteInterval<MyJob>(5).Wait()); /* 简单说一下Cron表达式: 由7段构成:秒 分 时 日 月 星期 年(可选) "-" :表示范围 MON-WED表示星期一到星期三 "," :表示列举 MON,WEB表示星期一和星期三 "*" :表是“每”,每月,每天,每周,每年等 "/" :表示增量:0/15(处于分钟段里面) 每15分钟,在0分以后开始,3/20 每20分钟,从3分钟以后开始 "?" :只能出现在日,星期段里面,表示不指定具体的值 "L" :只能出现在日,星期段里面,是Last的缩写,一个月的最后一天,一个星期的最后一天(星期六) "W" :表示工作日,距离给定值最近的工作日 "#" :表示一个月的第几个星期几,例如:"6#3"表示每个月的第三个星期五(1=SUN...6=FRI,7=SAT) 如果Minutes的数值是 '0/15' ,表示从0开始每15分钟执行 如果Minutes的数值是 '3/20' ,表示从3开始每20分钟执行,也就是‘3/23/43’ */ Console.ReadKey(); } } /// <summary> /// 继承并实现IJob接口,在Execute 方法中写你要定时执行的事情(切记 ) /// </summary> public class MyJob : IJob { public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { Task task = null; try { string fileName = "printlog.txt"; using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(fileName, true)) { task = writer.WriteLineAsync(string.Format("{0},测试", DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString())); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0},测试", DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString())); } } catch (Exception) { } return Task.CompletedTask; } } /// <summary> /// 发邮件 /// </summary> public class SendEmailJob : IJob { public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context) { //Smtp sendEmail.SendMailUseGmail("49564753X@qq.com", "49564753X@qq.com", "terryK", "Quartz.net定时作业", "Quartz.net定时发送邮件", "tiyklkinqanxbgXX", 587, "smtp.qq.com", true); return Task.CompletedTask; } } public class sendEmail { public static Task SendMailUseGmail(string toUserAddress, string fromUserAddress, string fromUserName, string contextName, string context, string fromUserPass, int port, string host, bool sslState) { using (MailMessage mailMessage = new MailMessage()) { mailMessage.To.Add(toUserAddress); mailMessage.From = new MailAddress(fromUserAddress, fromUserName, Encoding.UTF8); mailMessage.Subject = contextName; mailMessage.SubjectEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; mailMessage.Body = context; mailMessage.BodyEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false; mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.High; SmtpClient smtpClient = new SmtpClient(); smtpClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(fromUserAddress, fromUserPass); smtpClient.Port = port; smtpClient.Host = host; smtpClient.EnableSsl = sslState; try { smtpClient.Send(mailMessage); Console.WriteLine("发送成功,请查看"); } catch (SmtpException var_3_A8) { Console.WriteLine(var_3_A8.ToString()); } } return Task.CompletedTask; } } public class QuartzHelper { static readonly IScheduler _scheduler; static QuartzHelper() { #region 配置 Quartz NameValueCollection properties = new NameValueCollection { {"quartz.serializer.type","binary"} }; // 设置线程池 properties["quartz.threadPool.type"] = "Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz"; //设置线程池的最大线程数量 properties["quartz.threadPool.threadCount"] = "10"; //设置作业中每个线程的优先级 properties["quartz.threadPool.threadPriority"] = ThreadPriority.Normal.ToString(); // 远程输出配置 properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.type"] = "Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz"; properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.port"] = "555"; //配置端口号 properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName"] = "QuartzScheduler"; properties["quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType"] = "tcp"; //协议类型 #endregion //创建一个工厂 var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory(properties); //启动 _scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result; //1、开启调度 _scheduler.Start(); } /// <summary> /// 时间间隔执行任务 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">任务类,必须实现IJob接口</typeparam> /// <param name="seconds">时间间隔(单位:秒)</param> public static async Task AsyncExecuteInterval<T>(int seconds) where T : IJob { //2、创建工作任务 IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>() .WithIdentity("printlog", "LogGroup") .Build(); // 3、创建触发器 ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .StartNow() .WithIdentity("LogTrigger", "LogGroup") .WithSimpleSchedule(x => x.WithIntervalInSeconds(seconds).RepeatForever()) .Build(); //4、将任务加入到任务池 await _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger); } /// <summary> /// 指定时间执行任务 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">任务类,必须实现IJob接口</typeparam> /// <param name="cronExpression">cron表达式,即指定时间点的表达式</param> public static async Task<bool> AsyncExecuteByCron<T>(string cronExpression) where T : IJob { //2、创建工作任务 IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>() .WithIdentity("SendEmailJob", "EmailGroup") .Build(); //3、创建触发器 ICronTrigger trigger = (ICronTrigger)TriggerBuilder.Create() .StartNow() .WithIdentity("SendEmail", "EmailGroup") .WithCronSchedule(cronExpression) .Build(); //4、将任务加入到任务池 await _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger); return true; } } }