Android中自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray的使用) 2012年05月01日 ⁄ Android 编程 ⁄ 暂无评论 ⁄ 被围观 3,975 次+ 做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。 1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于resvalues目录下: 查看源代码打印帮助 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <resources> 3 <declare-styleable name="myView"> 4 <attr name="textColor" format="color"/> 5 <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/> 6 </declare-styleable> 7 </resources> 2、创建自定义控件: 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.szy.custom; 2 3 import com.szy.custom.R; 4 5 import android.content.Context; 6 import android.content.res.TypedArray; 7 import android.graphics.Canvas; 8 import android.graphics.Color; 9 import android.graphics.Paint; 10 import android.graphics.Rect; 11 import android.graphics.Paint.Style; 12 import android.util.AttributeSet; 13 import android.view.View; 14 15 public class MyView extends View { 16 private Paint myPaint; 17 private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!"; 18 19 public MyView(Context context) { 20 super(context); 21 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 22 } 23 24 public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) { 25 super(context, attr); 26 myPaint = new Paint(); 27 TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器 28 float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30 29 int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名 30 myPaint.setTextSize(textSize); 31 myPaint.setColor(textColor); 32 a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段 33 } 34 @Override 35 protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { 36 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 37 super.onDraw(canvas); 38 //myPaint = new Paint(); 39 myPaint.setColor(Color.RED); 40 myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); 41 42 canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint); 43 myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE); 44 canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint); 45 } 46 } 3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件: 查看源代码打印帮助 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>" 3 xmlns:test="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>" 4 android:orientation="vertical" 5 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 6 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 7 > 8 <TextView 9 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 10 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 11 android:text="@string/hello" 12 /> 13 <com.adnroid.test.MyView 14 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 15 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 16 test:textSize="10px" 17 test:textColor="#fff" 18 /> 19 </LinearLayout> 附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解 1. reference:参考某一资源ID。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "background" format = "reference" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <ImageView android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:background = "@drawable/图片ID" /> 2. color:颜色值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <TextView android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:textColor = "#00FF00" /> 3. boolean:布尔值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <Button android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:focusable = "true" /> 4. dimension:尺寸值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <Button android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" /> 5. float:浮点值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation"> <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" /> <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <alpha android:fromAlpha = "1.0" android:toAlpha = "0.7" /> 6. integer:整型值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable"> <attr name = "visible" /> <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" /> <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" /> <attr name = "pivotX" /> <attr name = "pivotY" /> <attr name = "drawable" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <animated-rotate xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" android:pivotX = "50%" android:pivotY = "50%" android:framesCount = "12" android:frameDuration = "100" /> 7. string:字符串。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "MapView"> <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <com.google.android.maps.MapView android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g" /> 8. fraction:百分数。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable"> <attr name = "visible" /> <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" /> <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" /> <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" /> <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" /> <attr name = "drawable" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <rotate xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID" android:fromDegrees = "0" android:toDegrees = "360" android:pivotX = "200%" android:pivotY = "300%" android:duration = "5000" android:repeatMode = "restart" android:repeatCount = "infinite" /> 9. enum:枚举值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="orientation"> <enum name="horizontal" value="0" /> <enum name="vertical" value="1" /> </attr> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" > </LinearLayout> 10. flag:位或运算。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="windowSoftInputMode"> <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" /> <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" /> <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" /> <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" /> <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" /> <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" /> <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" /> </attr> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <activity android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden"> <intent-filter> <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> 注意: 属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。 (1)属性定义: <declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> </declare-styleable> (2)属性使用: <ImageView android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" />