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  • 学习设计模式

    学习设计模式 - 建造者模式

     一、是什么

          将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。(Spearate the construction of a compolex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.)

     

    二、为什么

       1. 如果一个对象的组成过于复杂,可以通过建造者模式,将构造过程抽离出来,一步步构造对象

      2.  可以更精细的控制生成对象

         3. 由于对象构造过程过于复杂, 使用建造者模式可以屏蔽对象的内部复杂性, 减少客户端对复杂对象的了解

     

    三、怎么样

       

      3.1) Product产品类:

         需要构建复杂的产品类

      3.2) Builder构建接口

         可定义了构建部分构建的接口方法, 以及构建整个对象的方法.

      3.3) ConreteBuilder具体构建者

           实现了Builder接口.

      3.3) Direct导演类

        导演类一方面封装导演了构建组件的构成, 另一方面屏蔽客户端对构建过程的深入了解.

       

    四、举例

      

      1. 产品类

    public class Computer {
        
        private String cpu;
        private String memory;
        private String hardDisk;
    
        public String getCpu() {
            return cpu;
        }
    
        public void setCpu(String cpu) {
            this.cpu = cpu;
        }
    
        public String getMemory() {
            return memory;
        }
    
        public void setMemory(String memory) {
            this.memory = memory;
        }
    
        public String getHardDisk() {
            return hardDisk;
        }
    
        public void setHardDisk(String hardDisk) {
            this.hardDisk = hardDisk;
        }
    
        @Override public String toString() {
            return "computer= { cpu: "+cpu+", memory: "+memory+", hardDisk: "+hardDisk+"} ";
        }
    }

      2. 定义建造者接口

    public interface ComputerBuilder {
    
        ComputerBuilder setCpu();
    
        ComputerBuilder setMemory();
    
        ComputerBuilder setHardDisk();
        
        Computer build();
        
    }

      3. 实现多种具体建造者

    public class HighConfComputerBuilder implements ComputerBuilder {  // 高配电脑建造者
        
        private Computer computer;
        
        public HighConfComputerBuilder() {
            this.computer=new Computer();
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setCpu() {
            this.computer.setCpu("i7处理器");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setMemory() {
            this.computer.setMemory("16G内存");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setHardDisk() {
            this.computer.setHardDisk("1T固态硬盘");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public Computer build() {
            return this.computer;
        }
    }
    public class LowConfComputerBuilder implements ComputerBuilder { // 低配电脑建造者
    
        private Computer computer;
        
        public LowConfComputerBuilder() {
            this.computer=new Computer();
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setCpu() {
            this.computer.setCpu("i3处理器");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setMemory() {
            this.computer.setMemory("4G内存条");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public ComputerBuilder setHardDisk() {
            this.computer.setHardDisk("500G机械硬盘");
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override public Computer build() {
            return this.computer;
        }
    }

       4. 导演类

    /**
     * 导演类, 避免客户端代码深入建造过程
     * @author TimFruit
     * @date 2019/7/2 14:28
     */
    
    public class ComputerDirector {
        
        public Computer buildHighConfigComputer(){
            ComputerBuilder cb=new HighConfComputerBuilder();
    
            // 封装构建过程, 按照"蓝图"导演构造产品
            cb.setCpu()
                    .setMemory()
                    .setHardDisk();
    
            return cb.build();
        }
    
        public Computer buildLowConfigComputer(){
            ComputerBuilder cb=new LowConfComputerBuilder();
    
            // 封装构建过程, 按照"蓝图"导演构造产品
            cb.setHardDisk()
                    .setCpu()
                    .setMemory();
    
            return cb.build();
        }
        
    }

       5. 测试类

    public class Client {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
            ComputerDirector cd=new ComputerDirector();
    
    
            Computer lowConfigComputer=cd.buildLowConfigComputer();
            System.out.println(lowConfigComputer);
            
            
            Computer highConfigComputer=cd.buildHighConfigComputer();
            System.out.println(highConfigComputer);
            
        }
        
    }

       6. 结果

    computer= { cpu: i3处理器, memory: 4G内存条, hardDisk: 500G机械硬盘} 
    computer= { cpu: i7处理器, memory: 16G内存, hardDisk: 1T固态硬盘}

     

    五、注意事项

      适用场景:

        a. 构造复杂对象,如config,vo等

        b. 构造部件的顺序不同, 产生的结果不同, 则可以使用该模式

     

      vs工厂模式:

        工厂模式关注的是使用什么工厂, 获得什么产品,  而建造者模式关注的是, 以什么样的顺序构建组装一个产品, 它的侧重点在于构建的过程.  

     

     

    六、变种建造者模式

      1. 产品类

    public class Person {
        
        private final String name; // 由于定义了不可变类型final
        private final int age;
        private final int height;
        private final String address;
    
        public Person(Builder builder) {
            this.name=builder.name;
            this.age=builder.age;
            this.height=builder.height;
            this.address=builder.address;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public int getHeight() {
            return height;
        }
    
        public String getAddress() {
            return address;
        }
    
        public static class Builder{  // 建造者为内部类, 一般用于设置产品类的多种属性, 如果仅仅使用构造参数注入, 会使得程序易出错
            private final String name;
            private int age;
            private int height;
            private String address;
    
            public Builder(String name) {
                this.name = name;
            }
    
            public Builder setAge(int age) {
                this.age = age;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder setHeight(int height) {
                this.height = height;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder setAddress(String address) {
                this.address = address;
                return this;
            }
            
            public Person build(){
                return new Person(this);
            }
        }
    }

      2. 测试类上下文

    public class Client {
    
        public static void main(String[] args){
    
            Person person=new Person.Builder("tim").setAge(11).setHeight(168).setAddress("中国好声音").build();
    
            System.out.println("person: ");
            System.out.println("name: "+person.getName());
            System.out.println("age: "+person.getAge());
            System.out.println("height: "+person.getHeight());
            System.out.println("address: "+person.getAddress());
        }
    }

    学习资料:

      <设计模式之禅>

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/timfruit/p/10544078.html
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