【练习7.4】使用直方图陆地移动距离EMD区分不同光线条件下的图片cvCalcEMD2

题目要求

程序代码

结果图片

要言妙道

  

题目要求：

 设计一个直方图，可以判断给定的图像是在哪种光线条件下被捕捉到的。

程序代码：

// OpenCVExerciseTesting.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
//D:\Work\Work_Programming\Source\Image\lena.jpg

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>

#include <opencv2/legacy/legacy.hpp>
//#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_legacy2411.lib")

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//函数声明-->--->-->--->-->--->-->--->//

CvHistogram * Create3DHistogram(const int dims, int bins);
void CreateSingleImage(IplImage * image_Src, IplImage **image_r, IplImage **image_g, IplImage **image_b);
void CreateSignatureFromHistogram(const CvHistogram * histgogram, CvMat ** signature);

//<--<--<--<--<--<--<--<--<--函数声明//

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    const char * soutceFile_InDoor = "D:\Work\Work_Programming\Source\Image\OpenCVExerciseImage\第7章\楼道1.jpg";
    const char * soutceFile_OutDoor = "D:\Work\Work_Programming\Source\Image\OpenCVExerciseImage\第7章\楼道2.jpg";
    const char * soutceFile_OutDoorSun = "D:\Work\Work_Programming\Source\Image\OpenCVExerciseImage\第7章\室外阳光1.jpg";

    const char * coloc_1 = "楼道1";
    const char * coloc_2 = "楼道2";
    const char * coloc_3 = "室外阳光1";
    
    IplImage * load_image_Source_Indoor = cvLoadImage(soutceFile_InDoor, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED);
    assert(load_image_Source_Indoor);
    IplImage * load_image_Source_Outdoor = cvLoadImage(soutceFile_OutDoor, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED);
    assert(load_image_Source_Outdoor);
    IplImage * load_image_Source_OutdoorSun = cvLoadImage(soutceFile_OutDoorSun, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED);
    assert(load_image_Source_OutdoorSun);

    IplImage * image_Source_Indoor = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(load_image_Source_Indoor), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
    IplImage * image_Source_Outdoor = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(load_image_Source_Outdoor), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
    IplImage * image_Source_OutdoorSun = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(load_image_Source_OutdoorSun), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
    cvCvtColor(load_image_Source_Indoor, image_Source_Indoor, CV_BGR2HSV);
    cvCvtColor(load_image_Source_Outdoor, image_Source_Outdoor, CV_BGR2HSV);
    cvCvtColor(load_image_Source_OutdoorSun, image_Source_OutdoorSun, CV_BGR2HSV);

    IplImage * image_r;
    IplImage * image_g;
    IplImage * image_b;

    CvHistogram * histgram_3D_InDoor;
    CvHistogram * histgram_3D_OutDoor;
    CvHistogram * histgram_3D_OutDoorSun;
    CvMat * sig_Indoor, *sig_Outdoor, *sig_OutdoorSun;

    double emd_result;

    const int dims = 1;
    int bin_N[] = { 8 }; //本题只计算bin值为8的情况
    size_t length_bin_N = sizeof(bin_N) / sizeof(bin_N[0]);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < length_bin_N; ++i)
    {
        //①
        CreateSingleImage(image_Source_Indoor, &image_r, &image_g, &image_b);
        cvCvtPixToPlane(image_Source_Indoor, image_r, image_g, image_b, NULL);
        IplImage *allImagePlane[3] = { image_r, image_g, image_b };

        histgram_3D_InDoor = Create3DHistogram(dims, bin_N[i]);
        cvCalcHist(allImagePlane, histgram_3D_InDoor);
        //cvNormalizeHist(histgram_3D_InDoor, 1.0);
        CreateSignatureFromHistogram(histgram_3D_InDoor, &sig_Indoor);

        cvReleaseImage(&image_r);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_g);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_b);

        //②
        CreateSingleImage(image_Source_Outdoor, &image_r, &image_g, &image_b);
        cvCvtPixToPlane(image_Source_Outdoor, image_r, image_g, image_b, NULL);
        allImagePlane[0] = image_r;
        allImagePlane[1] = image_g;
        allImagePlane[2] = image_b;

        histgram_3D_OutDoor = Create3DHistogram(dims, bin_N[i]);
        cvCalcHist(allImagePlane, histgram_3D_OutDoor);
        //cvNormalizeHist(histgram_3D_OutDoor, 1.0);
        CreateSignatureFromHistogram(histgram_3D_OutDoor, &sig_Outdoor);

        cvReleaseImage(&image_r);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_g);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_b);

        //③
        CreateSingleImage(image_Source_OutdoorSun, &image_r, &image_g, &image_b);
        cvCvtPixToPlane(image_Source_OutdoorSun, image_r, image_g, image_b, NULL);
        allImagePlane[0] = image_r;
        allImagePlane[1] = image_g;
        allImagePlane[2] = image_b;

        histgram_3D_OutDoorSun = Create3DHistogram(dims, bin_N[i]);
        cvCalcHist(allImagePlane, histgram_3D_OutDoorSun);
        //cvNormalizeHist(histgram_3D_OutDoorSun, 1.0);
        CreateSignatureFromHistogram(histgram_3D_OutDoorSun, &sig_OutdoorSun);

        cvReleaseImage(&image_r);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_g);
        cvReleaseImage(&image_b);

        cout << "=============直方图EMD距离:0表示最精确的匹配=============" << endl << endl;
        cout << "-------------“" << coloc_1 << "”与“" << coloc_2 << "”直方图EMD距离-------------" << endl;
        emd_result = cvCalcEMD2(sig_Indoor, sig_Outdoor, CV_DIST_L2);
        cout << emd_result << endl << endl;

        cout << "-------------“" << coloc_1 << "”与“" << coloc_3 << "”直方图EMD距离-------------" << endl;
        emd_result = cvCalcEMD2(sig_Indoor, sig_OutdoorSun, CV_DIST_L2);
        cout << emd_result << endl << endl;

        cout << "-------------“" << coloc_2 << "”与“" << coloc_3 << "”直方图EMD距离-------------" << endl;
        emd_result = cvCalcEMD2(sig_Outdoor, sig_OutdoorSun, CV_DIST_L2);
        cout << emd_result << endl << endl;

        cvReleaseMat(&sig_Indoor);
        cvReleaseMat(&sig_Outdoor);
        cvReleaseMat(&sig_OutdoorSun);

        cvReleaseHist(&histgram_3D_InDoor);
        cvReleaseHist(&histgram_3D_OutDoor);
        cvReleaseHist(&histgram_3D_OutDoorSun);
    }

    system("pause");

    cvWaitKey();
    cvReleaseImage(&image_Source_Indoor);
    cvReleaseImage(&image_Source_Outdoor);
    cvReleaseImage(&image_Source_OutdoorSun);

    cvDestroyAllWindows();

    return 0;
}

CvHistogram * Create3DHistogram(const int dims, int bins)
{
    int hist_sizes[] = { bins };
    int hist_type = CV_HIST_ARRAY;
    float v_range[] = { 0, 255 };
    float *hist_ranges[] = { v_range};

    return cvCreateHist(dims, hist_sizes, hist_type, hist_ranges, 1);
}

void CreateSingleImage(IplImage * image_Src, IplImage **image_r, IplImage **image_g, IplImage **image_b)
{
    IplImage * image_temp = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(image_Src), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
    //image_r = &image_temp; 
    //如果用上面这行这种方式，编译通过，但运行崩溃，本函数结束后image_r便被释放，
    //因为image_temp只是一个指针变量，占用四个字节的局部变量，对它取地址即&image_temp只是这个局部指针变量的地址，函数结束后自然释放掉
    //但是，将使用下面这行：将image_temp指针变量所保存的地址赋值给“*image_r”，这个地址是从cvCreateImagere中turn出来的，自然不会随函数结束而释放
    *image_r = image_temp;

    *image_g = cvCloneImage(image_temp);
    *image_b = cvCloneImage(image_temp);
    cvZero(*image_r);
    cvZero(*image_g);
    cvZero(*image_b);
}

void CreateSignatureFromHistogram(const CvHistogram * histgogram, CvMat ** signature)
{
    int hist_dims = histgogram->mat.dims;

    int bin_size;

    bin_size = histgogram->mat.dim[0].size;

    int numrows = bin_size;
    *signature = cvCreateMat(numrows, 2, CV_32FC1);

    float bin_value;
 
     
    for (int v = 0; v < bin_size; ++v)
    {
        bin_value = cvQueryHistValue_1D(histgogram, v);
        cvSet2D(*signature, v, 0, cvScalar(bin_value));
        cvSet2D(*signature, v, 1, cvScalar(v));
    }
}

结果图片：

要言妙道：

 ①目的是判断光线条件，所以，建一个HSV图像的V的直方图，作为“参考直方图”，其它图像的V直方图与参考直方图计算EMD距离，如果在一个范围内，则表示实在该光线条件下

②共三个输入图像，第一个和第二个选择同一光线条件下的，第三个图像选择其它光线条件，可以看出，第一和第二个的EMD距离很小，第一第三或第二第三的EMD明显很大

③