Ack 类似grep一样的查找

语法

ack [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
ack -f [options] [DIRECTORY...]

介绍

Ack设计可以替代99%grep的功能。

Ack查找给定正则表达式模式的输入文件默认打印匹配的行。

Ack 也能列出文件不真正进行查找，利用文件类型过滤的优势。

文件的选择

ack 只能进行文件查找。 它知道某些类型的文件，基于文件扩展和文件内容。

文件类型的选择可以基于-type选项。

没有文件选择的选项，ack 仅仅查找认识的文件类型。 如果有一个文件名字是foo.wango ，ack将不查找该文件。

-a 选项选择所有文件，无论类型。

一些文件即使-a选项也不进行查找。

•Backup files: Files matching #*# or ending with ~. 
•Coredumps: Files matching core.\d+

然而，ack需要搜索所有类型的文件，可以通过使用-u选项。

目录的选择

ack 递归搜索目录树。 然而忽略影子目录（很多用于版本控制的目录). 你可以通过添加和移除

--[no]ignore-dir选项。选项可以设置多个目录在忽略或添加的目录中。

选项

-a, --all
操作所有文件，无论类型（但是仍然越过blib，cvs等文件)

-A NUM, --after-context=NUM
打印匹配内容后的指定行（选定行也显示)

-B NUM, --before-context=NUM
打印匹配内容前的指定行（选定行也显示)

-C [NUM], --context[=NUM]
打印匹配行上下的几行（选定行也显示)


-c, --count
打印每个文件匹配的行数。 
如果有-l选项仅仅显示文件匹配的行数
与-h 匹配显示所有文件匹配的总数

Searching:
  -i, --ignore-case     Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN
  --[no]smart-case      Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN,
                        only if PATTERN contains no upper case
                        Ignored if -i is specified
  -v, --invert-match    Invert match: select non-matching lines
  -w, --word-regexp     Force PATTERN to match only whole words
  -Q, --literal         Quote all metacharacters; PATTERN is literal

Search output:
  --line=NUM            Only print line(s) NUM of each file
  -l, --files-with-matches
                        Only print filenames containing matches
  -L, --files-without-matches
                        Only print filenames with no matches
  -o                    Show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
                        (turns off text highlighting)
  --passthru            Print all lines, whether matching or not
  --output=expr         Output the evaluation of expr for each line
                        (turns off text highlighting)
  --match PATTERN       Specify PATTERN explicitly.
  -m, --max-count=NUM   Stop searching in each file after NUM matches
  -1                    Stop searching after one match of any kind
  -H, --with-filename   Print the filename for each match
  -h, --no-filename     Suppress the prefixing filename on output
  -c, --count           Show number of lines matching per file
  --column              Show the column number of the first match

  -A NUM, --after-context=NUM
                        Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching
                        lines.
  -B NUM, --before-context=NUM
                        Print NUM lines of leading context before matching
                        lines.
  -C [NUM], --context[=NUM]
                        Print NUM lines (default 2) of output context.

  --print0              Print null byte as separator between filenames,
                        only works with -f, -g, -l, -L or -c.

File presentation:
  --pager=COMMAND       Pipes all ack output through COMMAND.  For example,
                        --pager="less -R".  Ignored if output is redirected.
  --nopager             Do not send output through a pager.  Cancels any
                        setting in ~/.ackrc, ACK_PAGER or ACK_PAGER_COLOR.
  --[no]heading         Print a filename heading above each file's results.
                        (default: on when used interactively)
  --[no]break           Print a break between results from different files.
                        (default: on when used interactively)
  --group               Same as --heading --break
  --nogroup             Same as --noheading --nobreak
  --[no]color           Highlight the matching text (default: on unless
                        output is redirected, or on Windows)
  --[no]colour          Same as --[no]color
  --color-filename=COLOR
  --color-match=COLOR
  --color-lineno=COLOR  Set the color for filenames, matches, and line numbers.
  --flush               Flush output immediately, even when ack is used
                        non-interactively (when output goes to a pipe or
                        file).

File finding:
  -f                    Only print the files found, without searching.
                        The PATTERN must not be specified.
  -g REGEX              Same as -f, but only print files matching REGEX.
  --sort-files          Sort the found files lexically.
  --invert-file-match   Print/search handle files that do not match -g/-G.
  --show-types          Show which types each file has.

File inclusion/exclusion:
  -a, --all-types       All file types searched;
                        Ignores CVS, .svn and other ignored directories
  -u, --unrestricted    All files and directories searched
  --[no]ignore-dir=name Add/Remove directory from the list of ignored dirs
  -r, -R, --recurse     Recurse into subdirectories (ack's default behavior)
  -n, --no-recurse      No descending into subdirectories
  -G REGEX              Only search files that match REGEX

  --perl                Include only Perl files.
  --type=perl           Include only Perl files.
  --noperl              Exclude Perl files.
  --type=noperl         Exclude Perl files.
                        See "ack --help type" for supported filetypes.

  --type-set TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
                        Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
                        being of type TYPE. This replaces an existing
                        definition for type TYPE.
  --type-add TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
                        Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
                        being of (the existing) type TYPE

  --[no]follow          Follow symlinks.  Default is off.

  Directories ignored by default:
    autom4te.cache, blib, _build, .bzr, .cdv, cover_db, CVS, _darcs, ~.dep,
    ~.dot, .git, .hg, _MTN, ~.nib, .pc, ~.plst, RCS, SCCS, _sgbak and .svn

  Files not checked for type:
    /~$/            - Unix backup files
    /#.+#$/         - Emacs swap files
    /[._].*\.swp$/ - Vi(m) swap files
    /core\.\d+$/  - core dumps
    /[.-]min\.js$/  - Minified javascript files

Miscellaneous:
  --noenv               Ignore environment variables and ~/.ackrc
  --help                This help
  --man                 Man page
  --version             Display version & copyright
  --thpppt              Bill the Cat

文件类型

--[no]actionscript .as .mxml
    --[no]ada          .ada .adb .ads
    --[no]asm          .asm .s
    --[no]batch        .bat .cmd
    --[no]binary       Binary files, as defined by Perl's -B op (default: off)
    --[no]cc           .c .h .xs
    --[no]cfmx         .cfc .cfm .cfml
    --[no]clojure      .clj
    --[no]cpp          .cpp .cc .cxx .m .hpp .hh .h .hxx
    --[no]csharp       .cs
    --[no]css          .css
    --[no]delphi       .pas .int .dfm .nfm .dof .dpk .dproj .groupproj .bdsgroup .bdsproj
    --[no]elisp        .el
    --[no]erlang       .erl .hrl
    --[no]fortran      .f .f77 .f90 .f95 .f03 .for .ftn .fpp
    --[no]go           .go
    --[no]groovy       .groovy .gtmpl .gpp .grunit
    --[no]haskell      .hs .lhs
    --[no]hh           .h
    --[no]html         .htm .html .shtml .xhtml
    --[no]java         .java .properties
    --[no]js           .js
    --[no]jsp          .jsp .jspx .jhtm .jhtml
    --[no]lisp         .lisp .lsp
    --[no]lua          .lua
    --[no]make         Makefiles (including *.mk and *.mak)
    --[no]mason        .mas .mhtml .mpl .mtxt
    --[no]objc         .m .h
    --[no]objcpp       .mm .h
    --[no]ocaml        .ml .mli
    --[no]parrot       .pir .pasm .pmc .ops .pod .pg .tg
    --[no]perl         .pl .pm .pod .t
    --[no]php          .php .phpt .php3 .php4 .php5 .phtml
    --[no]plone        .pt .cpt .metadata .cpy .py
    --[no]python       .py
    --[no]rake         Rakefiles
    --[no]ruby         .rb .rhtml .rjs .rxml .erb .rake .spec
    --[no]scala        .scala
    --[no]scheme       .scm .ss
    --[no]shell        .sh .bash .csh .tcsh .ksh .zsh
    --[no]skipped      Files, but not directories, normally skipped by ack (default: off)
    --[no]smalltalk    .st
    --[no]sql          .sql .ctl
    --[no]tcl          .tcl .itcl .itk
    --[no]tex          .tex .cls .sty
    --[no]text         Text files, as defined by Perl's -T op (default: off)
    --[no]tt           .tt .tt2 .ttml
    --[no]vb           .bas .cls .frm .ctl .vb .resx
    --[no]verilog      .v .vh .sv
    --[no]vhdl         .vhd .vhdl
    --[no]vim          .vim
    --[no]xml          .xml .dtd .xsl .xslt .ent
    --[no]yaml         .yaml .yml