Python Lib Requests,BS4,HTML parser, Data Base, Login
Requests + Beatifulsoup
bs4, Beatifulsoup: https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#
1 import requests 2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 3 from lxml import etree 4 5 # get target contents 6 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'} 7 cookies = {'Cookie': 'csrftoken=D5Vm2O0Ftf0K5b9zice10y3ZntK67YxM; sessionid=7390f8f82b756e834a101028c3398173; django_language=zh-CN; bb_language=zh-CN'} 8 url = 'https://www.yianyouxuan.com/mall' 9 try: 10 res = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies,headers=headers) 11 res.raise_for_status() 12 res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding 13 html_content=res.content 14 except: 15 print('request failure') 16 17 18 19 #### BeautifulSoup #### 20 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content,'html.parser') 21 #print(soup.prettify) 22 prod_list = soup.select('#mall-list > li > div > a') # original copy "#mall-list > li:nth-child(1) > div > a" 23 creadit_list = soup.select('#mall-list > li > p > em') # original copy "#mall-list > li:nth-child(1) > p:nth-child(3) > em" 24 prod_list_title = [] 25 creadits = [] 26 for item in prod_list: 27 #print(item.attrs) 28 prod_list_title.append(item.attrs['title']) 29 for item in creadit_list: 30 creadits.append(int(item.string)) # or item.text to get text. 31 print(prod_list_title) 32 print(creadits) 33 34 35 ##### Xpath #### 36 root = etree.HTML(html_content) 37 items = root.xpath('//*[@id="mall-list"]/li') #original copy //*[@id="mall-list"]/li[1]. need to remove [1], li is a list. 38 #print(len(items)) 39 prod_name = [] 40 creadit = [] 41 for item in items: 42 prod_name.append(str(item.xpath('./h4/a/text()')[0])) #original copy //*[@id="mall-list"]/li[1]/h4/a 43 creadit.append(int(item.xpath('./p/em[@class="c_tx1"]/text()')[0])) # original copy //*[@id="mall-list"]/li[1]/p[1]/em 44 print(prod_name) 45 print(creadit)
#Outcomes:
一、Requests
Examples:
request.get（）
1 import requests 2 3 URL = 'http://www.baidu.com' 4 try: 5 Res = requests.get(URL) 6 Res.raise_for_status() #tell if it's true or false. true -> continue; false -> except. 7 print(Res.status_code) 8 print(Res。raise_for_status) 9 print(Res.encoding) 10 print(Res.apparent_encoding) 11 Res.encoding = Res.apparent_encoding #让显示编码赋值给编码，确保显示正常。 12 except: 13 print('request failure')
#Outcome：
200 <bound method Response.raise_for_status of <Response [200]>> ISO-8859-1 utf-8 <!DOCTYPE html> <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8>
<meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css>
<title>ç¾åº¦ä¸ä¸ï¼ä½ å°±ç¥é</title></head>
After assign the value of Res.apparent_encoding to Res.encoding
>>> Res.text[0:1000] '<!DOCTYPE html> <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8>
<meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer>
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css>
<title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head>
Requests.heard（）方法
Requests.post() 方法
1 >>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} 2 >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = payload) #传递参数：比如http://xxx?k1=v1&k2=v2 3 >>> print(r.text) 4 { ... #向URL POST一个字典，自动编码为form（表单） 5 "form": { 6 "key2": "value2", 7 "key1": "value1" 8 }, 9 }
10 >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = 'ABC')
11 >>> print(r.text)
12 { ...
13 "data": "ABC"
14 "form": {},
15 }
Requests.put() 方法
1 >>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} 2 >>> r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = payload) 3 >>> print(r.text) 4 { ... 5 "form": { 6 "key2": "value2", 7 "key1": "value1" 8 }, 9 }
#传递参数，比如http://aaa.com?pageId=1&type=content
1 import requests 2 3 URL = 'https://www.amazon.cn/dp/B01JG4J5PQ/ref=lp_2134663051_1_1?' 4 Params = {'s':'grocery','ie':'UTF8','qid':'1517822277','sr':'1-1'} 5 try: 6 Res = requests.get(URL,Params) 7 Res.raise_for_status 8 Res.encoding = Res.apparent_encoding 9 print(Res.text[0:1000]) 10 except: 11 print('failure')
#二进制处理数据
1 import requests 2 from PIL import Image 3 from io import BytesIO 4 5 URL = 'https://images-cn.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71GGUs7JSXL._SL1000_.jpg' 6 7 try: 8 Res = requests.get(URL) 9 Image01 = Image.open(BytesIO(Res.content)) 10 Image01.save('nuts.jpg') 11 except: 12 print('failure')
#json处理
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 res = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') 5 print(type(res.json)) 6 print(res.text)
#原始数据处理
1 URL = 'https://images-cn.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71GGUs7JSXL._SL1000_.jpg' 2 3 Res = requests.get(URL) 4 5 with open('nuts2.jpg','wb+') as f: 6 for chunk in Res.iter_content(1024): 7 f.write(chunk)
#提交表单
import json import requests form = {'username':'user','password':'pass'} r01 = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=form) print(r01.text) r02 = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=json.dumps(form)) print(r02.text)
#Outcome:
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"password": "pass",
"username": "user"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "27",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.9.1"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "60.247.94.218",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
{
"args": {},
"data": "{"password": "pass", "username": "user"}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "40",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.9.1"
},
"json": {
"password": "pass",
"username": "user"
},
"origin": "60.247.94.218",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
# Cookie
1 import requests 2 3 url = 'http://www.baidu.com' 4 r = requests.get (url) 5 cookie = r.cookies 6 for k,v in cookie.get_dict().items(): 7 print(k,v) 8 9 cookies = {'c1':'v1','c2':'v2'} 10 r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies',cookies=cookies) 11 print(r.text)
#outcome:
BDORZ 27315
{
"cookies": {
"c1": "v1",
"c2": "v2"
}
}
#Redirect and Redirect history
1 import requests 2 3 res = requests.head('http://github.com', allow_redirects = True) 4 print(res.url) 5 print(res.status_code) 6 print(res.history)
#outcome
https://github.com/ 200 [<Response [301]>]
#代理
1 proxies = {'http':' ','https':' '} 2 r = requests.get('...',proxies = proxies)
二、BS4 （Beautiful Soup）
1. Beautiful Soup 解析器
使用和没有使用解析器：
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 3 soup = BeautifulSoup(open('test.html')) 4 print(soup.prettify())
#outcome：
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/bs4/__init__.py:166: UserWarning: No parser was explicitly specified, so I'm using the best available HTML parser for this system ("lxml"). This usually isn't a problem, but if you run this code on another system, or in a different virtual environment, it may use a different parser and behave differently. To get rid of this warning, change this: BeautifulSoup([your markup]) to this: BeautifulSoup([your markup], "lxml") markup_type=markup_type)) <html> ... </html>
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 3 soup = BeautifulSoup(open('test.html'),'html.parser') #指定了使用html解析器。 4 print(soup.prettify())
#outcome：
<html>
<head>
<title>
The Dormouse's story
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse">
<b>
The Dormouse's story
</b>
</p>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http:/example.com/elsie" id="link1">
<!-- Elsie -->
</a>
,
<a class="sister" href="http:/example.com/elsie" id="link2">
Lacie
</a>
and
<a class="sister" href="http:/example.com/elsie" id="link3">
Tillie
</a>
;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">
...
</p>
</body>
</html>
2. Beautiful Soup类的基本元素
Examples:
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 3 soup = BeautifulSoup(open('test.html'),'html.parser') 4 #print(soup.prettify()) 5 6 #Tag 7 print(type(soup.title)) 8 print(soup.title.name) 9 print(soup.title) 10 11 #String 12 print(type(soup.title.string)) 13 print(soup.title.string) 14 15 #comment 16 print(type(soup.a.string)) 17 print(soup.a.string) 18 19 #Traverse 20 for items in soup.body.contents: #body的子元素是3P 21 print(items.name)
22 print(items) # To show all contents of the HTML document.
#outcomes：
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'> title <title>The Dormouse's story</title> <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'> #虽然打印显示都是字符串，但注意string和comment类型的不同。 The Dormouse's story <class 'bs4.element.Comment'> Elsie None p None p None p
Example2:
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 import requests 3 4 def getHTML(req_url): 5 req_header = {'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0'} # pretend to open with Mozila 6 try: 7 req_result= requests.get(req_url,req_header) 8 req_result.raise_for_status() # to check the status of the request 9 req_result.encoding = req_result.apparent_encoding # using apparent encoding. 10 return (req_result.text) 11 except: 12 print("HTML ERROR") 13 14 def HTMLParser(req_url): 15 req_text = getHTML(url) 16 soup = BeautifulSoup(req_text, 'html.parser') #use html.parser to avoid some warnings. 17 return(soup) 18 19 def HTMLOPS(req_url): 20 soup = HTMLParser(url) 21 # title tag 22 title = soup.title 23 print(type(title)) 24 print(title) 25 # body tag 26 # To show the all contents of an HTML document 27 print(soup.body.contents) 28 print(soup.title.string) 29 #OR 30 for item in soup.body.contents: 31 print(item) 32 # a tag 33 print(type(soup.a.string)) #To show the first a tag 34 print(soup.a.string) 35 # tag name 36 print(soup.a.name) 37 print(soup.a.parent.name) 38 39 #tag attrs 40 print(soup.a.attrs) 41 print(soup.a.attrs['name']) 42 #print(soup.div) 43 44 if __name__ == '__main__': 45 url = input('please input the url you want to parser: ') 46 HTMLOPS(url) 47 #print(soup.prettify())
#Outcome：
1 please input the url you want to parser: http://www.baidu.com 2 <--title--> 3 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 4 <title>百度一下 你就知道</title> 5 6 <--body contents--> 7 [' ', <div id="wrapper"> <div id="head"> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id="lg"> <img height="129" hidefocus="true" src="//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png" width="270"> </img></div> <form action="//www.baidu.com/s" class="fm" id="form" name="f"> <input name="bdorz_come" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="ie" type="hidden" value="utf-8"> <input name="f" type="hidden" value="8"> <input name="rsv_bp" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="rsv_idx" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="tn" type="hidden" value="baidu"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input autocomplete="off" autofocus="" class="s_ipt" id="kw" maxlength="255" name="wd" value=""/></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input class="bg s_btn" id="su" type="submit" value="百度一下"/></span> </input></input></input></input></input></input></form> </div> </div> <div id="u1"> <a class="mnav" href="http://news.baidu.com" name="tj_trnews">æ–°é—»</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://www.hao123.com" name="tj_trhao123">hao123</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://map.baidu.com" name="tj_trmap">地图</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://v.baidu.com" name="tj_trvideo">视频</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://tieba.baidu.com" name="tj_trtieba">è´´å§</a> <noscript> <a class="lb" href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1" name="tj_login">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a class="bri" href="//www.baidu.com/more/" name="tj_briicon" style="display: block;">更多产å“</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ftCon"> <div id="ftConw"> <p id="lh"> <a href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a> <a href="http://ir.baidu.com">About Baidu</a> </p> <p id="cp">©2017 Baidu <a href="http://www.baidu.com/duty/">使用百度å‰å¿…读</a> <a class="cp-feedback" href="http://jianyi.baidu.com/">意见反馈</a>京ICP证030173 <img src="//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif"> </img></p> </div> </div> </div>, ' '] 8 百度一下，你就知道 9 10 <div id="wrapper"> <div id="head"> <div class="head_wrapper"> <div class="s_form"> <div class="s_form_wrapper"> <div id="lg"> <img height="129" hidefocus="true" src="//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png" width="270"> </img></div> <form action="//www.baidu.com/s" class="fm" id="form" name="f"> <input name="bdorz_come" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="ie" type="hidden" value="utf-8"> <input name="f" type="hidden" value="8"> <input name="rsv_bp" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="rsv_idx" type="hidden" value="1"> <input name="tn" type="hidden" value="baidu"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input autocomplete="off" autofocus="" class="s_ipt" id="kw" maxlength="255" name="wd" value=""/></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input class="bg s_btn" id="su" type="submit" value="百度一下"/></span> </input></input></input></input></input></input></form> </div> </div> <div id="u1"> <a class="mnav" href="http://news.baidu.com" name="tj_trnews">æ–°é—»</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://www.hao123.com" name="tj_trhao123">hao123</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://map.baidu.com" name="tj_trmap">地图</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://v.baidu.com" name="tj_trvideo">视频</a> <a class="mnav" href="http://tieba.baidu.com" name="tj_trtieba">è´´å§</a> <noscript> <a class="lb" href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1" name="tj_login">登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a class="bri" href="//www.baidu.com/more/" name="tj_briicon" style="display: block;">更多产å“</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ftCon"> <div id="ftConw"> <p id="lh"> <a href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a> <a href="http://ir.baidu.com">About Baidu</a> </p> <p id="cp">©2017 Baidu <a href="http://www.baidu.com/duty/">使用百度å‰å¿…读</a> <a class="cp-feedback" href="http://jianyi.baidu.com/">意见反馈</a>京ICP证030173 <img src="//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif"> </img></p> </div> </div> </div> 11 12 <--tag a--> 13 <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'> 14 新闻 15 16 <--tag name--> 17 a 18 div 19 20 <--tag attributes--> 21 {'name': 'tj_trnews', 'class': ['mnav'], 'href': 'http://news.baidu.com'} 22 tj_trnews
3. 基于bs4库的HTML内容遍历方法
#CSS查询
1 print(soup.select('.sister')) #按照class查找，并查找全部。注意查找要加. 2 print(soup.select('#link1')) #按照id来查找，注意加# 3 print(soup.select('head > title') #按照父子关系来找。
4 a_s = soup.select('a') #利用循环遍历，打印所有的a标签的内容
5 for a in a_s:
6 print(a)
HTMLparse () # In Python 3.0, the HTMLParser module has been renamed to html.parser you can check about this here
Python 3.0 import html.parser Python 2.2 and above import HTMLParser
Sqlite3 #Python自带模块，体积小，方便灵活。
1 import sqlite3 2 3 conn = sqlite3.connect('test') 4 create_sql = 'create table company(id int primary key not null, emp_name test not null);' 5 conn.execute(create_sql) 6 insert_sql = 'insert into company values(?, ?)' #使用了参数化的方法，防止sql注入攻击。拼字符串的化容易被攻击。 7 conn.execute(insert_sql, (100, 'LY')) 8 conn.execute(insert_sql, (200, 'July')) 9 cursors = conn.execute('select id, emp_name from company') 10 for row in cursors: 11 print(row[0],row[1]) 12 13 conn.close()
mysql注意事项：
1. mysql需要加 host（ip/port), username, psassword.
2. 在每一行执行代码的时候，要价conn.commit()
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_database_access.htm