控制语句
if/elif/else
if语句和一般编程语言一样,条件为true 执行
如: if true :
print 'true' <----if、else下对齐,要使用相同的空格或者tab
else:
print 'false'
但是,python有自己的特点:
1. if else 要求严格分层对齐 对于嵌套if、else语句都应当严格分层对齐。
2.if else 关键字后边一定要加冒号 :
#!/usr/bin/python ''' create By to be crazy All rights Reserved ''' score=int(raw_input("Enter your score please ")) if (score>0 and score<100 ): if(score>90): print "your score is A" elif(score>60): print "your score is B" else: print "your score is C" else: print "your score is not correct"
可以看出,if嵌套如何匹配else的,第一层if使用一个tab对齐,第二层使用一个空格对齐,切记elif
循环结构
while/for
for 适用于list和dictionary的遍历,也可以是字符串遍历
word = "Programming is fun!" for letter in word: # Only print out the letter i if letter == "i": print letter
for item in [1, 3, 21]: print item
webster = { "Aardvark" : "A star of a popular children's cartoon show.", "Baa" : "The sound a goat makes.", "Carpet": "Goes on the floor.", "Dab": "A small amount." } # Add your code below! for key in webster: print webster[key]
for 可以配合range()使用
for i in range(10): print i
print 0~9
for loop 遍历dictionary
d = {'x': 9, 'y': 10, 'z': 20} for key in d: if d[key] == 10 print "This dictionary has the value 10!"
while 循环
先检查condition是否为true,为ture就继续循环
loop_condition = True while loop_condition: print "I am a loop" loop_condition = False
while
/else
while/else 不同于if/else 当循环的条件为False,else语句块会被执行也就是循环从未被执行或在循环正常结束时,都会执行else,如果循环被中断,return、break了,则不执行else。
import random print "Lucky Numbers! 3 numbers will be generated." print "If one of them is a '5', you lose!" count = 0 while count < 3: num = random.randint(1, 6) print num if num == 5: print "Sorry, you lose!" break count += 1 else: print "You win!"
当执行到break,就不执行else
若循环正常结束,执行else
需要注意:不要忘记for和while语句的冒号
break/continue
break 跳出循环
count = 0 while True: print count count += 1 if count >= 10: break #exit the current loop.