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  • Spring系列(二):Spring IoC应用

    一、Spring IoC的核心概念

      IoC(Inversion of Control  控制反转),详细的概念见Spring系列(一):Spring核心概念

    二、Spring IoC的应用

      1、定义Bean的信息

        1.1 基于xml的形式定义Bean的信息

        ① 新建一个Bean: 

    package com.toby.ioc.component;
    
    /**
     * @desc:
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:49
     */
    public class TobyBean{
        public TobyBean(){
            System.out.println("TobyBean Constructor");
        }
    }

        ② 在resources下面新建一个spring.xml

        

        xml配置如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <bean id="tobyBean" class="com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean"/>
    </beans>

         ③ 写一个测试类进行测试

    package com.toby.ioc.xml;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    /**
     * @desc: 基于xml
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/8/6 17:36
     */
    public class XmlTest {
        private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;
    
        @Before
        public void before(){
            context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test(){
            TobyBean tobyBean = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);
            System.out.println(tobyBean);
        }
    }

         总结:由于现在基本基于spring boot 约定大于配置,而且大量的xml配置也不易于维护,所以这里就简单介绍下基于xml的原理:首先读取资源配置文件,然后解析成BeanDefinition,最后利用反射进行相应的实例化操作。我们接下来重点讲解基于注解的方式

        1.2 基于读取配置类的形式定义Bean信息

        ① 同上面基于xml一样,需要一个Bean

        ② 新建一个配置类定义相应的Bean信息

    package com.toby.ioc.config;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
    
    /**
     * @desc: ioc config 类
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:10
     */
    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public TobyBean tobyBean(){
            return new TobyBean();
        }
    }

        ③ 写一个测试类进行测试

    package com.toby.ioc.configuration;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.config.IocConfig;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
    
    /**
     * @desc: 基于配置类
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/8/6 17:59
     */
    public class ConfigurationTest {
        private AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context;
    
        @Before
        public void before(){
            context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test(){
            System.out.println(context.getBean("tobyBean"));
        }
    }

       2、Spring IoC常用注解使用

        2.1 @Configuration 相当于 xml配置的 <beans/>

        2.2 @Bean 相当于 xml配置的 <bean/>

        默认(单实例 延迟加载)

    package com.toby.ioc.config;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
    
    /**
     * @desc: ioc config 类
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:10
     */
    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public TobyBean tobyBean(){
            return new TobyBean();
        }
    }   

        配置Bean的作用域

        ① 在不指定@Scope的情况下,所有的bean都是单实例的bean,而且是饿汉加载(容器启动实例就创建好了)

        ② @Scope为prototype表示为多实例的,而且还是懒汉模式加载(IOC容器启动的时候,并不会创建对象,而是在每次使用的时候才会创建)注意:当指定多例的时候是无法解决循环依赖的后续源码会分析

    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
    
        @Bean
        @Scope("prototype")
        public TobyBean tobyBean(){
            return new TobyBean();
        }
    }

        如何测试是否多实例:

    public class IocMain {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);
            TobyBean tobyBean1 = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);
            TobyBean tobyBean2 = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);
            //单例返回true 多例返回false
            System.out.println(tobyBean1 == tobyBean2);
        }
    }

        ③ @Scope指定的作用域取值:singleton 单实例的(默认),prototype 多实例的,request 同一次请求,session 同一个会话级别

        Bean的懒加载@Lazy

        Bean的懒加载@Lazy(主要针对单实例的bean在容器启动的时候,不创建对象,而在第一次使用的时候才会创建该对象,多实例bean没有懒加载一说)

    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
    
        @Bean
        @Lazy
        public TobyBean tobyBean(){
            return new TobyBean();
        }
    }

        2.3 @CompentScan 包扫描(重点)

        在配置类上写@CompentScan注解来进行包扫描

        ① 常规用法:这样在basePackages包下面具有@Controller @Service @Repository @Component注解的组件都会被加载到spring容器中

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"})
    public class IocConfig {
    }

        ② 排除用法:excludeFilters(排除@Controller注解和TobyService)

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},excludeFilters = {
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = {Controller.class}),
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,value = {TobyService.class})
    })
    public class IocConfig {
    
    }

        ③ 包含用法:includeFilters,注意:若使用包含,需要把useDefaultFilters属性设置为false(true表示扫描全部的),后续源码解析会说到这个原因

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},includeFilters = {
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = {Controller.class, Service.class})
    },useDefaultFilters = false)
    public class IocConfig {
    
    }

        ④ 自定义Filter用法:

        自定义一个TobyTypeFilter实现TypeFilter

    public class TobyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
        @Override
        public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
            //获取当前类的class的源信息
            ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
            //类名称中包含Dao就可以被扫描到
            if(classMetadata.getClassName().contains("Dao")) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

        配置类:

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},includeFilters = {
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,value = TobyTypeFilter.class)
    },useDefaultFilters = false)
    public class IocConfig {
    }

         2.4  @Conditional 条件注解(spring boot中大量用到)

        ① 新建2个Bean TobyA和TobyB 如下:

    public class TobyA {
        public TobyA() {
            System.out.println("TobyA Constructor");
        }
    }
    public class TobyB {
        public TobyB() {
            System.out.println("TobyB Constructor");
        }
    }

        ② 新建一个TobyCondition实现Condition接口

    public class TobyCondition implements Condition {
        private static final String TOBY_A_BEAN_NAME = "tobyA";
        @Override
        public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
            //判断容器中是否有TobyA组件
            if(context.getBeanFactory().containsBean(TOBY_A_BEAN_NAME)){
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

        ③ 配置类 只有当容器中有TobyA的时候才实例化TobyB

    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
        
        @Bean
        public TobyA tobyA(){
            return new TobyA();
        }
    
        @Bean
        @Conditional(TobyCondition.class)
        public TobyB tobyB(){
            return new TobyB();
        }
    }

         2.5 往IOC容器中添加组件的方式

        ① 通过@ComponentScan包扫描 + @Controller、@Service、@Repository、@Component 针对我们自己写的组件可以通过该方式来加载到容器中

        ② 通过@Bean的方式来导入组件(适用于导入第三方组件)

        ③ 通过@Import

        Ⅰ 通过@Import直接导入组件(导入组件的id为全限定类名)

        配置类:

    @Configuration
    @Import({TobyBean.class})
    public class IocConfig {
    }

        Ⅱ 通过@Import的ImportSelector类实现组件的导入(导入组件的id为全限定类名),自定义的TobyImportSelector需要实现ImportSelector接口。

    public class TobyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
        @Override
        public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
            //返回全限定类名的数组
            return new String[]{"com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean"};
        }
    }

        配置类:

    @Configuration
    @Import({TobyImportSelector.class})
    public class IocConfig {
    }

        Ⅲ 通过@Import的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar导入组件 (可以指定bean的名称),自定义TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar。

    public class TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
        @Override
        public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
            //创建一个bean定义对象
            RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(TobyBean.class);
            //把bean定义对象导入到容器中
            registry.registerBeanDefinition("tobyBean",rootBeanDefinition);
        }
    }

        配置类:

    @Configuration
    @Import({TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class})
    public class IocConfig {
    }

        ④ 通过实现FactoryBean接口来实现注册组件

        创建一个FactoryBean,注意要获取FactoryBean本身需要在beanName前面加上&

    @Component
    public class TobyBeanFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<TobyBean> {
        @Override
        public TobyBean getObject() throws Exception {
            return new TobyBean();
        }
    
        @Override
        public Class<?> getObjectType() {
            return TobyBean.class;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isSingleton() {
            return false;
        }
    }

        单元测试:

    public class FactoryBeanTest {
    
        private AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context;
    
        @Before
        public void before(){
            context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test(){
            //获取TobyBean
            System.out.println(context.getBean("tobyBeanFactoryBean"));
            //如何获取TobyBeanFactoryBean
            System.out.println(context.getBean("&tobyBeanFactoryBean"));
        }
    }

        2.6 Bean的生命周期

         由容器管理Bean的生命周期,我们可以指定bean的初始化方法和bean的销毁方法

        ① 通过@Bean的initMethod和destroyMethod属性

        新建一个LifeCycleBean1 Bean:

    package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean生命周期1
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:26
     */
    public class LifeCycleBean1 {
    
        public LifeCycleBean1(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Constructor");
        }
    
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Init");
        }
    
        public void destroy(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Destroy");
        }
    }

        配置类:

    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
    
        @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
        public LifeCycleBean1 lifeCycleBean1(){
            return new LifeCycleBean1();
        }
    }

        ②通过实现InitializingBean, DisposableBean2个接口

        新建一个LifeCycleBean2

    package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean生命周期2 通过实现2个接口
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:30
     */
    @Component
    public class LifeCycleBean2 implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    
        public LifeCycleBean2(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 Constructor");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 destroy");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 afterPropertiesSet");
        }
    }

        ③ 通过JSR250规范提供的注解@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy标注的方法

        新建一个LifeCycleBean3

    package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean生命周期3 通过2个注解
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:30
     */
    @Component
    public class LifeCycleBean3{
    
        public LifeCycleBean3(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 Constructor");
        }
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 init");
        }
    
        @PreDestroy
        public void destroy(){
            System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 destroy");
        }
    }

         2.7 后置处理器(很重要,后面源码解析会讲

        ① BeanPostProcessor:也称为Bean后置处理器,它是Spring中定义的接口,在Spring容器的创建过程中(具体为Bean初始化前后)会回调BeanPostProcessor中定义的两个方法。分别是postProcessBeforeInitialization(初始化之前)和postProcessAfterInitialization(初始化之后)

        自定义TobyBeanPostProcessor后置处理器:

    package com.toby.ioc.processor;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean的后置处理器
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 2:08
     */
    @Component
    public class TobyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            if(bean instanceof TobyBean){
                System.out.println("马上开始初始化TobyBean了,注意下");
            }
            return bean;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            if(bean instanceof TobyBean){
                System.out.println("初始化完成TobyBean了,注意下");
            }
            return bean;
        }
    }

        ② BeanFactoryPostProcessor:Bean工厂的后置处理器,触发时机bean定义注册之后bean实例化之前

        自定义TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor Bean工厂的后置处理器:

    package com.toby.ioc.processor;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean工厂的后置处理器 触发时机 bean定义注册之后 bean实例化之前
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/21 23:04
     */
    @Component
    public class TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
        @Override
        public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("调用了TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory方法");
            for(String beanName : beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionNames()){
                if("tobyBean".equals(beanName)){
                    BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
                    beanDefinition.setLazyInit(true);
                }
            }
        }
    }

        ③ BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor:Bean定义的后置处理器,它继承了BeanFactoryPostProcessor,触发时机,在bean的定义注册之前

        自定义TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor Bean定义的后置处理器

    package com.toby.ioc.processor;
    
    import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: bean定义的后置处理器
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/21 23:11
     */
    @Component
    public class TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
        @Override
        public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("调用TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法");
            System.out.println("bean定义的数据量:"+registry.getBeanDefinitionCount());
            RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(TobyBean.class);
            registry.registerBeanDefinition("tobyBean",rootBeanDefinition);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("调用TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory方法");
            System.out.println(beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount());
        }
    }

        2.8 Aware接口

        Spring提供了大量的Aware接口,使得我们可以使用Spring的一些底层提供的容器,资源比如获取ApplicationContext就可以实现ApplicationContextAware接口,获取BeanFactory就可以实现BeanFactoryAware,这些Aware接口的回调是在Bean初始化 initializeBean() 方法中进行回调的

        比如我们要使用Spring底层的ApplicationContext,则需要实现ApplicationContextAware如下:

    package com.toby.ioc.aware;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: 应用中需要获取spring的上下文
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 1:15
     */
    @Component
    public class TobyApplicationContextAware implements ApplicationContextAware {
        /**
         * spring上下文
         */
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("应用程序获取到了spring 容器");
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }

        2.9 Lifecycle接口

        每个对象都有自己生命周期的需求,主要方法:isAutoStartup()返回true时,Spring容器启动时会去执行start()方法。isRunning()返回true的时候,容器销毁时会调用stop()方法。比如eruaka启动的入口就是通过实现SmartLifecycle接口来实现

        自定义TobyLifecycle实现SmartLifecycle接口:

    package com.toby.ioc.lifecycle;
    
    import org.springframework.context.SmartLifecycle;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @desc: 每个对象都有自己生命周期的需求,比如eruaka启动的入口就是用这个实现的
     * @author: toby
     * @date: 2019/7/13 2:00
     */
    @Component
    public class TobyLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle {
        @Override
        public boolean isAutoStartup() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void stop(Runnable callback) {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void start() {
            System.out.println("TobyLifecycle start");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void stop() {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isRunning() {
            return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getPhase() {
            return 0;
        }
    }

        2.10 自动装配

        ① @Autowired 默认情况下:首先是按照类型进行装配,若在IOC容器中发现了多个相同类型的组件,那么就按照属性名称来进行装配。

        ② @Autowired 假设我们需要指定特定的组件来进行装配,我们可以通过使用@Qualifier("tobyDao")来指定装配的组件或者在配置类上的@Bean加上@Primary注解

        @Autowired + @Qualifier:

    @Service
    public class TobyService {
        @Autowired
        @Qualifier("tobyDao")
        private TobyDao tobyDao;
    
        public TobyDao getTobyDao(){
            return this.tobyDao;
        }
    }

        @Bean + @Primary:

    @Configuration
    public class IocConfig {
        @Bean
        @Primary
        public TobyDao tobyDao(){
            return new TobyDao();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public TobyDao tobyDao2(){
            return new TobyDao();
        }
    }

        ③ 假设我们指定Autowire.BY_TYPE,这时候容器出现2个及以上,那么在装配的时候就会抛出异常

    @Configuration
    public class PrincipleConfig {
        @Bean
        public PrincipleBean principleBean(){
            return new PrincipleBean();
        }
    
        @Bean(autowire = Autowire.BY_TYPE)
        public PrincipleAspect principleAspect(){
            return new PrincipleAspect();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public PrincipleLog principleLog(){
            return new PrincipleLog();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public PrincipleLog principleLog2(){
            return new PrincipleLog();
        }
    }

        ④ @Resource(JSR250规范)功能和@AutoWired的功能差不多一样,但是不支持@Primary和@Qualifier的支持

        ⑤ @Inject(JSR330规范)需要导入jar包依赖功能和支持@Primary功能,但是没有Require=false的功能

      总结:通过上面的示例,对Spring IoC常用注解以及接口有一定了解,Spring系列完整代码在码云:spring系列,接下来将进入:Spring系列(三):Spring IoC源码解析干货多多

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/toby-xu/p/11310127.html
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