2016年6月17日开始考虑如何解决这个问题。
终于一不小心点进了微软官方网站，关于KB3161561安全补丁的相关内容
NETBIOS communication outside of the local subnet is hardened. Therefore, by default, some features that depend on NETBIOS (such as SMB over NETBIOS) will not work outside the local subnet. To change this new default behavior, create the following registry entry:
SUBKEY: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesNetBTParameters
Value Name: AllowNBToInternet
Type: Dword
Value: 1
Default value of the flag: 0
By default, WPAD resolution for auto proxy detection will not use NETBIOS. Therefore, if proxy detection depends on NETBIOS alone for WPAD resolution, it may fail. We recommend that you use the DHCP option or DNS for WPAD resolution instead of NETBIOS. To change this new default behavior, create the following registry entry.
Note This registry entry only applies for Windows 8.1 and earlier versions of Windows.
SUBKEY: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsWinHttp
Value Name: AllowOnlyDNSQueryForWPAD
Type: DWORD
Value: 0
Default value of the flag: 1
The default behavior of PAC file download is changed so that the client's domain credentials are not automatically sent in response to an NTLM or Negotiate Authentication challenge when WinHTTP requests the PAC file. This occurs regardless of the value of the fAutoLogonIfChallenged flag that is specified in WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_OPTIONS. To change this new default behavior, create the following registry entry:
Note This registry entry only applies for Windows 8.1 and earlier versions of Windows.
SUBKEY: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsWinHttp
Value Name: AutoProxyAutoLogonIfChallenged
Type: DWORD
Value: 1
Default value of the flag: 0
莫非，添加几个注册表就可以了？
尝试了一下，OK
（Windows7 Professor， 64）
在管理员权限下CMD执行窗口：
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesNetBTParameters" /v AllowNBToInternet /t REG_DWORD /d 1
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsWinHttp" /v AllowOnlyDNSQueryForWPAD /t REG_DWORD /d 0
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsWinHttp" /v AutoProxyAutoLogonIfChallenged /t REG_DWORD /d 1
重新启动电脑，打开连接。成功。
第一次，解决了关于微软安全补丁引起的问题，还是感觉小有成就，特申请微波，希望对需要的人有用。