python selenium 浏览器登录并获取cookie

一、各模块说明

selenium.webdriver                                  浏览器驱动
selenium.webdriver.common.by                        选择器类型
selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait       等待控制
selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions      条件控制
selenium.common.exceptions                          异常类型

二、导入相关模块

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

三、加载驱动

# 按驱动类型加载驱动
if Path('./chromedriver.exe').exists():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
elif Path('./geckodriver.exe').exists():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
else:
    print('异常：未找到浏览器驱动')
    print('提示：请下载对应版本的浏览器驱动，并放置于目录：' + os.getcwd())
    print('chrome: http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/')
    print('Firefox: http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/geckodriver/')
    exit(0)

四、打开网页

# 窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()
# 打开网页
driver.get('https://xxxxx')

五、元素获取及点击

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-login').click()

注：这里用的是 css 选择器，其他选择器参考这里：定位元素 | Selenium

六、输入账号密码并提交登录

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.phonenum_input').send_keys(phone)
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.password_input').send_keys(password)
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_submit').click()

七、等待登录成功后获取cookie

locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.user')
encrypted = '%s****%s' % (phone[:2], phone[-2:])
WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, encrypted))
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
Path('./cookies.txt').write_text(json.dumps(cookies))
print('登录成功')
driver.quit()

八、使用保存的cookie请求其他接口

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.62'}
    
cookies = Path('./cookies.txt').read_text()
cookies = {x['name']: x['value'] for x in json.loads(cookies)}

try:
    r = requests.get(url, data=data, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, timeout=5)
    return r.json()
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print('Error: request timeout.')
    return None
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
    print('Error: json decode error.')
    return None

九、selenium 的其他操作

https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/browser_manipulation/

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完。