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  • Java类集框架之LinkedList源码剖析

    LinkedList

    LinkedList基于双向循环链表实现。也可以被当做堆栈,队列或双端队列进行操作。非线程安全。下面直接贴ArrayList的Java实现(只贴了部分代码),来源JDK1.8.0_25/src.zip。

        /**
         * ****双向链表对应的数据结构*********
         * 包含:节点值item
         *     前驱  pre
         *     后继next    
         * @param 
         */
        private static class Node {
            E item;
            Node next;
            Node prev;
            //构造方法参数顺序:前驱  节点值 后继
            Node(Node prev, E element, Node next) {
                this.item = element;
                this.next = next;
                this.prev = prev;
            }
        }
    public class LinkedList extends AbstractSequentialList implements List, Deque, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
    {
    	//元素个数
        transient int size = 0;
     
        //指向第一个节点
        transient Node first;
    
        //指向最后一个节点
        transient Node last;
    
        //构造方法1--构造一个空列表
        public LinkedList() {}
    
        //构造方法2--构造一个包含指定collection中元素的列表,按collection的迭代器返回的顺序排列
        public LinkedList(Collection c) {
            this();
            addAll(c);
        }
        
        //将e插入到链表第一个位置前面,注意可能修改last和first
        private void linkFirst(E e) {
            final Node f = first;
            final Node newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);//Node(前驱,元素,后继)
            first = newNode;
            if (f == null)
                last = newNode;//插入前为空则last为其本身
            else
                f.prev = newNode;//若不为空则头结点前驱指向newnode
            size++;
            modCount++;
        }
    
        //将e插入到链表最后一个元素的后面
        void linkLast(E e) {
            final Node l = last;
            final Node newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
            last = newNode;
            if (l == null)
                first = newNode;
            else
                l.next = newNode;
            size++;
            modCount++;
        }
    
        //在节点succ前插入元素为e的节点
        void linkBefore(E e, Node succ) {
            // assert succ != null;
            final Node pred = succ.prev;
            final Node newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
            succ.prev = newNode;
            if (pred == null)
                first = newNode;
            else
                pred.next = newNode;
            size++;
            modCount++;
        }
    
        //去除链表第一个元素
        private E unlinkFirst(Node f) {
            // assert f == first && f != null;
            final E element = f.item;
            final Node next = f.next;
            f.item = null;
            f.next = null; // help GC
            first = next;
            if (next == null)
                last = null;
            else
                next.prev = null;
            size--;
            modCount++;
            return element;
        }
    
        //去除链表最后一个元素
        private E unlinkLast(Node l) {
            // assert l == last && l != null;
            final E element = l.item;
            final Node prev = l.prev;
            l.item = null;
            l.prev = null; // help GC
            last = prev;
            if (prev == null)
                first = null;
            else
                prev.next = null;
            size--;
            modCount++;
            return element;
        }
    
        //删除节点x
        E unlink(Node x) {
            // assert x != null;
            final E element = x.item;
            final Node next = x.next;
            final Node prev = x.prev;
    
            if (prev == null) {
                first = next;
            } else {
                prev.next = next;
                x.prev = null;
            }
    
            if (next == null) {
                last = prev;
            } else {
                next.prev = prev;
                x.next = null;
            }
    
            x.item = null;
            size--;
            modCount++;
            return element;
        }
    
        //获取第一个元素,若为空,抛出异常
        public E getFirst() {
            final Node f = first;
            if (f == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return f.item;
        }
    
        //获取第一个元素,若为空,抛出异常
        public E getLast() {
            final Node l = last;
            if (l == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return l.item;
        }
    
        //去除第一个元素
        public E removeFirst() {
            final Node f = first;
            if (f == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return unlinkFirst(f);
        }
    
        //去除最后一个元素
        public E removeLast() {
            final Node l = last;
            if (l == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return unlinkLast(l);
        }
    
        //将元素e添加为链表第一个元素
        public void addFirst(E e) {
            linkFirst(e);
        }
    
        public void addLast(E e) {
            linkLast(e);
        }
    
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return indexOf(o) != -1;
        }
    
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
    
    
        public boolean add(E e) {
            linkLast(e);//添加到最后面
            return true;
        }
        
        //可以去除null元素,从链表开始查找指定元素o
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            if (o == null) {
                for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                    if (x.item == null) {
                        unlink(x);
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                    if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                        unlink(x);
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        //从LinkedList的末尾开始,将集合c添加到LinkedList中
        public boolean addAll(Collection c) {
            return addAll(size, c);
        }
        //从LinkedList的index开始,将集合c中的元素添加到LinkedList中
        public boolean addAll(int index, Collection c) {
            checkPositionIndex(index);
    
            Object[] a = c.toArray();
            int numNew = a.length;
            if (numNew == 0)//集合c为空,返回false
                return false;
    
            Node pred, succ;//插入位置的前一个节点和插入位置的节点
            if (index == size) {
                succ = null;
                pred = last;
            } else {
                succ = node(index);
                pred = succ.prev;
            }
    
            for (Object o : a) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o;
                Node newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);
                if (pred == null)
                    first = newNode;//时刻注意修改first和last
                else
                    pred.next = newNode;
                pred = newNode;
            }
    
            if (succ == null) {
                last = pred;
            } else {
                pred.next = succ;
                succ.prev = pred;
            }
    
            size += numNew;//添加后链表大小
            modCount++;
            return true;
        }
    
        //清空双向链表
        public void clear() {
            for (Node x = first; x != null; ) {
                Node next = x.next;
                x.item = null;
                x.next = null;
                x.prev = null;
                x = next;
            }
            first = last = null;
            size = 0;
            modCount++;
        }
    
    
        // Positional Access Operations
    
        //获取指定位置元素
        public E get(int index) {
            checkElementIndex(index);
            return node(index).item;
        }
    
        //设置指定位置元素值,并返回原来的值
        public E set(int index, E element) {
            checkElementIndex(index);
            Node x = node(index);
            E oldVal = x.item;
            x.item = element;
            return oldVal;
        }
    
        //-----在index前添加元素值为element的节点----
        public void add(int index, E element) {
            checkPositionIndex(index);
    
            if (index == size)
                linkLast(element);
            else
                linkBefore(element, node(index));
        }
    
        //删除指定位置节点
        public E remove(int index) {
            checkElementIndex(index);
            return unlink(node(index));
        }
    
        private boolean isElementIndex(int index) {
            return index >= 0 && index < size;
        }
    
    
        private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) {
            return index >= 0 && index <= size;
        }
    
    
        private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
            return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
        }
    
        private void checkElementIndex(int index) {
            if (!isElementIndex(index))
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
        }
    
        private void checkPositionIndex(int index) {
            if (!isPositionIndex(index))
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
        }
    
        //以前版本是entry,获取指定位置的节点
        Node node(int index) {
            // assert isElementIndex(index);
        	//若要查找位置小于双向链表的一半,则从前往后查找,否则从后往前查找,提高查找效率
            if (index < (size >> 1)) {
                Node x = first;
                for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                    x = x.next;
                return x;
            } else {
                Node x = last;
                for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
                    x = x.prev;
                return x;
            }
        }
    
        // Search Operations
    
        //从前往后查找,返回值为o的节点位置,若不存在返回-1,可查找null位置
        //查找的都是第一次出现的
        public int indexOf(Object o) {
            int index = 0;
            if (o == null) {
                for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                    if (x.item == null)
                        return index;
                    index++;
                }
            } else {
                for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                    if (o.equals(x.item))
                        return index;
                    index++;
                }
            }
            return -1;
        }
    
        //从后往前查找,返回值为o的节点位置,若不存在返回-1,可查找null位置
        //查找的都是第一次出现的
        public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
            int index = size;
            if (o == null) {
                for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                    index--;
                    if (x.item == null)
                        return index;
                }
            } else {
                for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                    index--;
                    if (o.equals(x.item))
                        return index;
                }
            }
            return -1;
        }
    
        /*******作为队列使用的操作 Queue operations.************/
        
        //返回第一个节点元素,若为空返回null,获取但不移除(不出队)
        public E peek() {
            final Node f = first;
            return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
        }
        //返回第一个节点元素,若为空抛出异常,相当于出队
        public E element() {
            return getFirst();
        }
    
        //出队,获取并移除表头
        public E poll() {
            final Node f = first;
            return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
        }
    
        public E remove() {
            return removeFirst();
        }
    
        //入队,添加到表尾
        public boolean offer(E e) {
            return add(e);
        }
    
        /**** Deque operations****/
        
        
        public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
            addFirst(e);
            return true;
        }
    
        public boolean offerLast(E e) {
            addLast(e);
            return true;
        }
    
        public E peekFirst() {
            final Node f = first;
            return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
         }
    
    
        public E peekLast() {
            final Node l = last;
            return (l == null) ? null : l.item;
        }
    
    
        public E pollFirst() {
            final Node f = first;
            return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
        }
    
    
        public E pollLast() {
            final Node l = last;
            return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l);
        }
    
    
        public void push(E e) {
            addFirst(e);
        }
    
    
        public E pop() {
            return removeFirst();
        }
    
    
        public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
            return remove(o);
        }
    
        //去除最后一次出现的指定节点,从后往前查找的第一个节点去除即可  可为null
        public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) {
            if (o == null) {
                for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                    if (x.item == null) {
                        unlink(x);
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                    if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                        unlink(x);
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        //返回index到末尾的全部节点对应的ListIterator对象
        public ListIterator listIterator(int index) {
            checkPositionIndex(index);
            return new ListItr(index);
        }
        
        //List迭代器
        private class ListItr implements ListIterator {
            private Node lastReturned;//上一次返回的节点
            private Node next;//下一个节点
            private int nextIndex;//下一个节点索引
            //期望的改变计数,用来实现fail-fast机制
            private int expectedModCount = modCount;
    
            ListItr(int index) {
                // assert isPositionIndex(index);
                next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);
                nextIndex = index;
            }
        public Object clone() {
            LinkedList clone = superClone();
            // Put clone into "virgin" state
            clone.first = clone.last = null;
            clone.size = 0;
            clone.modCount = 0;
    
            // Initialize clone with our elements
            for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
                clone.add(x.item);
    
    
            return clone;
        }
    


    构造函数:

    LinkedList构造方法有2种,一个是无参构造方法,建立一个空的链表(头结点null) 另一个是先建立一个空链表,再调用addAll(c)用c中元素初始化。

    说明:

    LinkedList基于双向循环链表实现的,不存在容量不足和扩容,但是插入和删除的效率高。在插入一个结点时,新建一个node对象,找到插入节点的位置,改变前驱和后继。删除一个结点时,改变删除节点的前驱节点的后继和后继节点的前驱,不需要移动元素。

    LinkedList容许元素为null,在查找和删除某元素时,都区分null和非null

    LinkedList实现了栈和队列的操作,如push() pop() 等方法,为了区分不同的操作,很多方法名不一样,但是功能是一样的。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tujoin/p/4526389.html
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