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  • django和restframework的序列化

    django自带的序列化组件(了解,不好控制)

    from django.core import serializers
     
    from django.core import serializers
    def test(request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()    
        ret = serializers.serialize("json", book_list)
        return HttpResponse(ret)


    # 会把所有的字段都取出来,很多无用信息,不好控制

    rest_framework的serializers组件

    # 新建一个py文件,写上需要序列化的字段
    from rest_framework import serializers
    from apps import models
    
    
    class bookser(serializers.Serializer):
        name = serializers.CharField()
        publish = serializers.CharField()
    
    # 在view里序列化表
    from rest_framework.response import Response
    from apps import models
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from apps.app01_serializer.app01_ser import Bookser
    class test(APIView):
       def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
          book_obj = models.book.objects.all()
          books = Bookser(book_obj,many=True)
          return Response(books.data)



    得到页面:注意要在settings的app里注册rest_framework
    只序列化得到了需要的字段


    source
    序列化字段的名字和表中的一一对应,如果不对应则无法序列化,我们可以加source参数
    class bookser(serializers.Serializer):
      name = serializers.CharField()
      name5 = serializers.CharField(source='name')
      注意:source不能和定义的字段名一样,不然会报错
      publish = serializers.CharField()
    
    # 如果book表外键关联publish,我们想要获取publish的city
    class bookser(serializers.Serializer):
      name5 = serializers.CharField(source='name')
      publish = serializers.CharField(soucre='publish.city')
    
    # source不但可以指定一个字段,还可以指定一个方法
     models.py
    from django.db import models
    class book(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
        
      def test(self):
        return 'xxx'
    
    book_ser.py文件
    class bookser(serializers.Serializer):
      name = serializers.CharField()
      xxx = serializers.CharField(source = 'test')
    
    拿字段的中文
    'get_字段名_display' models.py xx = models.IntegerField(choices=((0,'文学类'),(1,'情感类')),default=1)
    book_ser.py文件
      # xx = serializers.CharField(source = 'get_字段名_display')   
      xx = serializers.CharField(source = 'get_xx_display')

     

    ModelSerializer

    book_ser.py
    from rest_framework import serializers
    from apps import models
    
    class Bookser(serializers.Serializer):
        name = serializers.CharField()
        publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
        # 指定ModelSerializer之后,可以对应一个方法,返回什么内容,publish_detail就是什么内容
        publish_detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
        # 对应的方法是固定写法(get_字段名)
        def get_publish_detail(self,obj):
            return {'name':obj.publish.name,'city':obj.publish.city}

    class AuthorsSerialiser(serializers.Serializer):   
      name
    = serializers.CharField()   
      age
    = serializers.CharField()


    class Bookser(serializers.Serializer):   name = serializers.CharField()   publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')   authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()   def get_authors(self,obj):     authors_ser = AuthorsSerialiser(obj.authors.all(),many=True)       return authors_ser.data

    write_only和read_only

    # write_only  序列化的时候不显示
    # read_only   反序列化的时候不传
    
    序列化book表时,字段price可以不显示,只需定义
    price = serializers.CharField(write_only=Ture)

    反序列化

    # 序列化类中 apps_ser.py
    class book_ser(serializers.Serializer):
        ...
        ...
        def create(self,validated_data):
            ret = model.Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
            return ret
    
    # 在视图view.py
        def post(self,request):
            bookser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
            if bookser.isvalid():
                ret = bookser.create(bookser.validated_data)
            return Response()

    反序列化中的ModelSerializer

    class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Book
            # fields = "__all__"
            fields=['nid','title','authors','publish']
            # exclude=('nid',)   #不能跟fields同时用
            # depth = 1    #深度控制,写 几 往里拿几层,层数越多,响应越慢,官方建议0--10之间,个人建议最多3层
        publish=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
        def get_publish(self,obj):
            return obj.publish.name
        authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
        def get_authors(self,obj):
            ret=obj.authors.all()
            ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
            return ss.data
    

    view.py
    def post(self,request):   # 实例化产生一个序列化对象,data是要反序列化的字典   bookser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)   if bookser.is_valid():     # 数据通过清洗     bookser.save()   return Response()

    反序列化中的效验(局部效验和全局效验)

    # 局部效验name字段
    def validate_name(self,value):
      if value.startswith('sb'):
        raise ValidationError('不能以sb'开头)
      return value
    
    
    
    # 全局效验
    def validate(self,attrs):
      if attrs.get('name')==attrs.get('price'):
        raise ValidationErroe('name和price相等,不正常')
      return attrs
    
    
    
    view.py
    def post(self,request):
      # 实例化产生一个序列化对象,data是要反序列化的字典
      bookser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
      if bookser.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
        # 通过清洗数据
        # 数据通过清洗
        bookser.save()
      else:
        print(bookser.error['name'][0])
    
      return Response()

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tuzaizi/p/13388251.html
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